Some Significant Earthquakes

What Is the relationship between “Hazard” and “Risk”?

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Single Hazard Model

Multiple Hazard Model (1st G)

Multiple Hazard Model (3rd G)

Premise: Disaster Resilience is a characteristic of sustainable societies.

The Context

The Context (Continued)

The Challenge

Three Components of Urban Disaster Resilience

Caracas

Istanbul

Accra

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"Water"

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"Robust and Reliable Water Supply..."

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Istanbul

Common construction practice in many countries results in residential buildings subject to “pancake collapse” in earthquakes.

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New and existing construction follows a pattern of inadequate mitigation.

Anatolian Plate is being squeezed westward at about
1 inch year ^-1

The seismicity in the eastern Mediterranean is the consequence of large scale plate motions.

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The Istanbul Problem:

Original Structure

Three Retrofitting
Strategies

Fragility Curves

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Accra

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Relation to agriculture

Sanitation