physical & chemical
characteristics of
water
- temperature
- sunlight
- rainfall
- pH
- dissolved oxygen
tension
- salinity & other
chemical nutrients
The intersection of V. cholerae  ecology and
cholera
phytoplankton
VNC
zooplankton
Vibrio cholerae
classic fecal-oral
transmission from
human to human via
ingestion of fecal V.
cholerae in water &/
food
cholera
transmission of V.
cholerae to humans via
ingested water
containing colonized
copepods or other
vectors
transmission
control