Geology
Nicolaus Steno one of the great scientist of his age formalized da
Vinci’s notions of sedimentation in his treatise the Prodromus,
set forth the principle; written in 1668,, "The law of
superposition".  Superposition argues that sedimentary rock
provides a history of ancient times as the upper layers are
younger and the lower layers are older.  He also noted that
although many sedimentary rock formations were found vertical
that they were deposited horizontally, the law of original
horizontality.  However, like most of the great scientific minds of
Europe he was greatly influence by Biblical teachings and
interpreted his conclusion that in Tuscany, where he carried out
his studies, there had been two great floods, one occurring during
the second day of creation and the other during the Great Flood