Geology
William Smith born in1769, had little formal education
but as a surveyor made many inspired fossil observations,
an interest that he began at an early age.  He is known for
his description of the specific fossils in each stratum layer,
and that successive layers contained related but different
species.  This principle of faunal succession, showed that
the same fossil types (species) could be found in the same
sedimentary layers in any location and that the species
found in other layers followed the same succession.
Clearly, these observations mark the beginnings of
evolutionary thought.