Geology; age of the earth
Henri Becquerel discovered radioactivity.  It was soon
realized that the energy from radioactive decay was
enough to keep the planet hot.  But more than that, it could
be used for dating rocks.
Used mother/daughter isotopes as way to measure earth’s
age.  Assume that one no daughter to start with and there is
only one way to make daughter and no mother element is
added over time.
Using radioactive dating techniques, the age of the Earth
has been shown to be (again and again) 4.65 billion years.