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Almost
any mammalian organ and cell type can succumb to oncogenic
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transformation,
giving rise to a bewildering array of clinical outcomes.
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The
causes of cancer are many and varied, and include genetic
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predisposition,
environmental influences, infectious agents and ageing.
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These
transform normal cells into cancerous ones by derailing a wide
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spectrum
of regulatory and downstream effector pathways. It is just
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this
complexity that has hampered the development of effective and
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specific
cancer therapies.
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Any
attempt to provide a comprehensive overview of cancer-related
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knowledge
would be futile — therefore the next two lectures will
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focus
on topics undergoing particularly rapid progress.
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