Cancer is an umbrella term covering a plethora of
conditions characterized by unscheduled and
uncontrolled cellular proliferation.
Almost any mammalian organ and cell type can succumb to oncogenic
transformation, giving rise to a bewildering array of clinical outcomes.
The causes of cancer are many and varied, and include genetic
predisposition, environmental influences, infectious agents and ageing.
These transform normal cells into cancerous ones by derailing a wide
spectrum of regulatory and downstream effector pathways. It is just
this complexity that has hampered the development of effective and
specific cancer therapies.
Any attempt to provide a comprehensive overview of cancer-related
knowledge would be futile — therefore the next two lectures will
focus on topics undergoing particularly rapid progress.