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TIPU
SULTAN of Mysore (r.1782-99) |
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*MAP*
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You'll find him, by name, down in the far
southwest |
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Haidar Ali's and Tipu's domain of Mysore,
in Joppen historical maps: *Haidar's
domain in 1780*; *Mysore
in 1784*; *South
India in 1795*; and the *Wilkinson
maps* |
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Haidar Ali, an able and energetic wielder
of power, fought the British in the first two Anglo-Mysore wars, but died
suddenly in 1782 |
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Some of the many extant portraits of HaidarAli's
son, Tipu Sultan, whose mascot and symbol was a tiger; see also *"The
Tiger and the Thistle"* |
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Right from the first, it was hard for the
British to keep track of what he might be up to, and hard to decide on
the proper response |
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In Mysore city, Tipu had a very impressive
palace that later burnt down; the new one that replaces it is still guarded
by six formidable tigers |
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His island-fort town of SERINGAPATAM (now
Shrirangapatam, near Bangalore) was dominated by a notable mosque and conspicuous
temple gopurams |
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In Seringapatam Tipu also had a summer palace,
the elaborately frescoed Darya Daulat |
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His special mechanical tiger was designed
to savage a British soldier; the British responded with their own symbolic
attacks (Tipu was later duly demonized by *Sir
Walter Scott*) |
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He minted some coins with very Indic elephant
designs |
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Infuriated by Tipu's military successes,
and fortified by alliances with the Peshwa and the Nizam, General Cornwallis
prepared to move against Mysore once again |
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The Third Anglo-Mysore War (1789-92) was
fought in defiance of the Company's prohibition against such military expansionism |
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In 1792, after his defeat, Tipu was obliged
to hand over two of his sons to General Cornwallis as hostages for his
future good behavior; he later ransomed them |
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The Fourth Anglo-Mysore War (1798-99) culminated
in the final "Storming of Seringapatam" in 1799 |
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Above all, Tipu's death seemed to be an
emblematic, dramatic, romantic moment for the British; *an
early Bollywood's view of his death*; *the
finding of his body* |
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His vicissitudes gave rise to political
cartoons, his exploits inspired a British board game-- and now he's depicted
as a religious martyr too |
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The domed tomb near Seringapatam where Tipu,
and Haidar Ali and his wife, are buried |
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