THE LITTLE-KNOWN TRANSLATION OF 1860

*Introduction and table of contents*
*Preface, and disproof of false causes*
*First cause*
*Second cause*
*Third cause*
*Fourth cause*
*Fifth cause*

Since this translation remains virtually unknown, and thus must have been of relatively little influence, it is here presented (in convenient sections) only in PDF form. For most purposes, the translation of 1873 is far more significant. I thank my friend and fellow Sir Sayyid scholar David Lelyveld for introducing me to this translation, and also for providing a copy of it. He in turn would like to thank Tom Metcalf, who introduced him to this work; the copy David gave me is a xerox of Tom's own copy. Chloe Smith very kindly made the PDFs.

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