PERSIAN and INDO-PERSIAN
background material for Urdu literature

==PERSIAN-learning materials-- A page with a good exposure to one of Urdu's cultural mother lodes: [site] (It requires Windows and Internet Explorer 5+.) Another such project: [site]. A nice English-Persian dictionary: [site]. The "PersianNotes" materials: [site]. The "easy Persian" site: [site]

==Clarke, Henry Wilberforce. The Persian Manual (1878): [site]

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=Alam, Muzaffar, and Sanjay Subramanyam, "The Making of a Munshi," in Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa, and the Middle East 24,2 (2004): [site[

=Browne, Edward Granville. A Literary History of Persia (4 vols.): all four vols.: [site]. Another version: *vol. 1 (1902)* (up to Firdausi, 1000 CE) (1902); *vol. 2 (1906)* (Firdausi to Sa'adi, 1000-1290); vol. 3 (The Tartar Dominion, 1265-1502); vol. 4 (Modern Times, 1500-1924)

=Browne, Edward Granville. A Year Amongst the Persians (1893): [site]

=Clouston, W. A., Flowers from a Persian Garden, and Other Papers (1890): [site]

=Darling, Linda T., "'Do Justice, Do Justice, For That is Paradise': Middle Eastern Advice for Indian Muslim Rulers," in Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa, and the Middle East 22,1-2 (2002): [site]

=Emerson, Ralph Waldo, "Persian Poetry" (1909): [site]; part of a volume in tribute to Edward Fitzgerald for the Rubaiyat: [site]

=Firdausi, The Epic of Kings, trans. by Hellen Zimmern; excellent background for many literary references: [site]; another site: [site]

=Fitzgerald, Edwin. The Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam, the great English/Persian lyrical poem par excellence: [site] (Just for comparison.)

=Gottheil, Richard James Horatio (1862-1936). The Persian Literature, Comprising The Shah Nameh, The Rubaiyat, The Divan, and The Gulistan, Volume 1 (1909): [site]; Volume 2 (1900): [site]

=Hafiz: a website devoted to his ghazals and other work: [site]

=Inayat-ullah, Bahar-i danish, trans. by Jonathan Scott, 1799, 3 vols: [site]

=Iqbal, Sir Muhammad. An elegantly produced website devoted to him and his works: [site]. Much of his Persian poetry is online there (click on "The Poet-Philosopher"), as is the whole of On the Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam.

=Jones, Sir William, A Grammar of the Persian Language (ninth edition, with many additions and improvements by Rev. Samuel Lee), London, 1828: [site]

=Nizami Ganjavi, the Haft Paikar, trans. by C. A. Wilson, 1924: [site]

=Ross, James, trans. The Persian Literature, Comprising The Shah Nameh, The Rubaiyat, The Divan, and The Gulistan, Volume 2: [site]

=Rumi's Masnavi in a variety of translations; invaluable background material: [site]

=Sa'adi, Gulistan (c.1256), trans. by James Ross (1890): [site]

=Sa'adi, Bustan (c.1257), trans. by H. W. Clarke: [site]

=Schimmel, Annemarie. The Triumphal Sun: A Study of the Works of Jalaloddin Rumi. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1993. Now online through NetLibrary: [site]. Access must be arranged; CU people enter here: [site].

="The Shahnama Project": [site]

= Spooner, Brian. "Are we teaching Persian? or Farsi? or Dari? or Tojiki?," a good overview of the contentious semantics of it all, from Persian Studies in America: [on this site]

AND A BIT OF ARABIC BACKGROUND TOO:

=Practice in reading Arabic manuscript calligraphy! A wonderful site for advanced script-learners: the *Arabic Papyrology School*

=Wilson, Epiphanius, Oriental Literature: The Literature of Arabia, with Critical and Biographical Sketches, 1900: [site]