Udayana's Hierarchy of Systems

(based on the Nyayakusumanjali, final section)


After stating that one should follow the three steps (taught also in Vedanta works) of hearing, thinking, and meditating, Udayana explains that the final step involves meditating upon the self as distinct from other objects, using techniques such as those taught in the Yogasutras.

In this meditation, he explains, one passes through the following stages on the way to final liberation:

  1. Mimamsa
  2. Materialism (Carvaka)
  3. Bhedabheda (Different-and-Nondifferent) Vedanta
  4. Vijnanavada (Idealist) Buddhism
  5. Vedanta in general
  6. Sunyavada (Madhyamaka) Buddhism
  7. Samkhya
  8. Sakta Tantrism
  9. Advaita Vedanta
  10. "Ultimate Vedanta" (= "Nyaya")


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Class notes for Religion W4620 (Nonduality in Indian and Tibetan Thought), Fall 2002.
Last updated: Fri Aug 30 20:45:28 EDT 2002 by Gary Tubb, email [email protected]