Trends in HA: The Rise of NGOs
After the Cold War “NGO triumphalism”.
Now increasing criticism, e.g., for donor dependence, fragmentation (many NGOs), lack of impact, lack of knowledge, competition with Southern NGOs.
NGOs have taken on more tasks, not just relief (as a subcontractor), but also protection & HR.
NGO response has been quality improvement effort:
- Humanitarian Charter;
- Sphere
- Ombudsman