MACINTOSH KERMIT FONTS: PROPOSED DESIGN
Frank da Cruz, Columbia University
Last update: Wed Jun 3 11:38:28 1992
The present Mac Kermit font (Mac Kermit version 0.99(94) and earlier) has
numerous problems: it's ugly; it doesn't scale well (or at all) to sizes other
than 9 or 18 points; its code points for accented letters and other special
characters don't agree with standard (or more precisely, Quickdraw) encoding;
and it is internal to Mac Kermit only, so (a) can't be seen from keycaps, and
(b) can't be used by other applications.
The goal is to replace Mac Kermit's built-in font with a new one that can
be used for true international-version VT320 emulation:
1. Built into Mac Kermit, but also available as an external font for use
with other applications, by Keycaps, etc.
2. Available in a variety of sizes (such as 7, 9, 10, 12, 14, and 18).
3. Contains all the characters of ASCII, ISO 8859-1 Latin Alphabet 1, and the
DEC Multinational Character Set, as well as the characters of all the
7-bit National Replacement Character sets (NRCs) supported by the VT320:
British, Canadian French, Dutch, Norwegian, German, Finnish, etc etc,
most of which are also in Latin-1.
4. The code points of the characters in (3) correspond to the code points
for the same characters in the Apple Quickdraw character set, so (for
example) Kermit-font international text, when converted to (say) Courier,
will still read correctly (a-grave will still be a-grave), at least for
all the characters that the two sets have in common.
5. The invertible mapping between Latin-1 and the text portion of the Mac
Kermit character set will be used for both terminal emulation and file
transfer. The full translation must be invertible over all 256 bytes.
6. DEC Special Graphics, DEC Technical Set, and "display controls" characters
must be available, and mixable on the same screen with text font.
7. Screen fonts should be ordinary bitmap fonts for compatibility with old
System versions, etc. Printer fonts are Type-1 PostScript fonts. There
should be no dependence on System 7, Suitcase, TrueType, etc etc.
8. Regular and bold versions are needed. (Note: Mac Kermit's present
VT100 font also has an Italic style, which is used in lieu of the VT100
"blinking" character attribute -- I don't know why.)
This document proposes such a character set and font. It is hoped that Apple
will recognize this (perhaps in amended form after discussion and further
work) as the official representation for Latin-1 on the Mac, to promote
interoperability with other Mac applications that need a Latin-1 character
set. Or else Apple should publish its own official Latin-1/Mac mapping.
THE MACINTOSH KERMIT VT TERMINAL EMULATION FONT
On the Mac, a font is a particular character set (Standard, Quickdraw, Symbol,
or other) rendered in a particular style, with variants for italic, bold,
underlined, shadow, etc. A font may have at most 256 elements.
A major problem we face right now is that Mac Kermit's "VT100" font is not
encoded like other Mac fonts. So even if you manage to get a correct-looking
display of your Swedish or French text on the screen, if you change the font
from VT100 to (say) Courier, all the accented characters become garbage. We
have to recode Mac Kermit's fonts to remove this problem.
We can't just substitute, say, Courier for Mac Kermit's VT100 fonts because
Courier lacks certain characters from Latin-1. And we also have to support VT
terminal characters that aren't available in any Mac fonts.
For the current level of terminal emulation, we need to support ASCII (95
graphic characters, including space) plus Latin-1 (96), plus DEC Special
Graphics (33) plus DEC Technical (94), plus Display Controls (64) = 382
characters. In addition, we might also wish to support DEC MCS, which is
identical to Latin-1, except it includes OE/oe ligatures instead of multiply
and divide signs, and lacks the Icelandic characters and several others. This
would raise the total number of characters needed by Mac Kermit to about 384.
We also want a complete set of "display controls". These are graphic
representations for each control character that fit in a single character
cell, for example a small "CR" to represent Carriage Return, a small "LF"
to represent Linefeed. A Display Control character is made of two small
characters representing an abbreviation of the control character mnemonic,
arranged like this within the character cell:
+--+
|L |
| F|
+--+
ISO Standard 6429 names and describes the 8-bit control characters used by the
VT200-300 series of terminals. These are also listed in the VT200-300 series
manuals. The complete list of display controls is found in these manuals.
For the C1 display controls, DEC simply uses the hex value 80, 80, ... 9F, for
example:
+--+
|9 |
| F|
+--+
Thus there are 65 display control characters: 0-31, 127-159.
All the required characters can be represented using only two encodings/fonts.
Here is a possible design.
Font "A" (Let's call it Macintosh Extended Latin). This is the "text font".
. Characters 0 through 31 and 127 are display controls.
. Characters 32 through 126 are ASCII.
. Characters 128 through 255 are as follows:
Characters from Latin-1 and DEC-MCS that also exist in QuickDraw encoding
use the QuickDraw encodings. Merge SPACE and NO-BREAK SPACE for the
purposes of display -- they look the same. Define all remaining Quickdraw
positions as "unused". There are 47 of these.
Characters from Latin-1 and DEC-MCS that do NOT exist in QuickDraw are
created and inserted in unused positions, rendered in the same style.
These are:
ISO Name PostScript name
broken vertical bar /brokenbar
superscript 1 /onesuperior
superscript 2 /twosuperior
superscript 3 /threesuperior
fraction 1/4 /onequarter
fraction 1/2 /onehalf
fraction 3/4 /threequarters
Icelandic thorn /Thorn, /thorn
Icelandic eth /Eth, /eth
Y-acute /Yacute, /yacute
Multiply /multiply
This makes a total of 14 characters. 47-14 = 33, enough for
The C1 controls, which should be left undefined.
Font "X" ("VT Special?"): VT special graphic characters, display controls, etc:
The DEC Special Graphics set is a 7-bit 94-character set identical to ASCII
except in columns 6 and 7, so 32 new characters are needed: box corners,
diamond, plus/minus, less-equal, greater-equal, not-equal, etc, plus character
137 (5/15) is blank instead of underline. It is described in all DEC terminal
manuals, VT100 and later. This set is currently supported by Mac Kermit. The
final character of the designation sequence is "0". Because it is a 94-byte
set, it can be designated to any of G0..G3:
ESC ( 0 designates the DEC Special Graphics set to G0
ESC ) 0 designates the DEC Special Graphics set to G1
ESC * 0 designates the DEC Special Graphics set to G2
ESC + 0 designates the DEC Special Graphics set to G3
The DEC Technical Set, which is also currently supported by Mac Kermit, is
described in the DEC VT320 and 340 Programmer Reference Manual, Volume 1,
page 27, Figure 2-8. It is a 94-byte set that can be designated to any of
G0..G3. The final character of the designation sequence is ">":
ESC ( > designates the DEC Technical set to G0
ESC ) > designates the DEC Technical set to G1
ESC * > designates the DEC Technical set to G2
ESC + > designates the DEC Technical set to G3
NOTE: the DEC Special Graphics and Technical character sets and final
character of their designation sequences are NOT registered with the ISO, and
therefore the final characters "0" or ">" might conflict with those of a
registered set.
So "Font X" can have the following very natural layout:
0-31: C0 Display Controls (NU, SH, SX, ... US)
32-126: DEC Special Graphics (32-94 are the same as ASCII)
127: Display control for Delete
128-159: C1 Display Controls (hex)
160: UNDEFINED
161-254: DEC Technical Set
255: Display control for 127 (DT).
This design means that Kermit's internal terminal character set translations
will also have to change. Kermit will now have to translate characters during
the terminal i/o process (port to screen, keyboard to port). It will NOT have
to translate during print-screen or cut-and-paste operations.
The display-control graphics are used only when the user has checked the
"Symbolic Control Characters" box in Mac Kermit's Terminal Settings dialog.
When the user selects a different font from the font menu, that font replaces
only Font A -- Font X is always loaded internally, and selectable by menu
assignment or host escape sequence (e.g. ESC ( 0 for DEC Special Graphics).
Kermit's normal mappings and translations continue to apply to Font A
characters, so it's up to the user to pick a font that makes sense, or check
"terminal character-set transparent". This is a nice feature because it
allows users to extend Kermit to support additional character sets just by
selecting new fonts (as Font A) in Kermit's Font menu, and still maintain VT
terminal compatibility, display controls, etc.
Using this design, it should be easy to add support for other 8-bit sets: for
example, Font B might be based on ISO 8859-2: "simply" copy Font A and replace
characters 160-255 with those from Latin-2, retaining the greatest possible
encoding correspondence with whatever Macintosh encoding is used in Eastern
Europe (if any).
ENCODING
Here is a list of the characters of ISO 8859-1 Latin Alphabet 1 and the
corresponding codes in the Apple QuickDraw character set:
ISO Name Latin-1 QuickDraw
-------------------- ------- ---------
No-break space 160 202
Inverted exclamation 161 193
Cent sign 162 162
Pound sign 163 163
Currency sign 164 219
Yen sign 165 180
Broken bar 166 -
Paragraph sign 167 164
Diaeresis 168 172
Copyright sign 169 169
Feminine ordinal 170 187
Left angle quotation 171 199
Not sign 172 194
Soft hyphen 173 -
Registered trade mark 174 168
Macron 175 248
Degree sign, ring above 176 161
Plus-minus sign 177 177
Superscript two 178 -
Superscript three 179 -
Acute accent 180 171
Micro sign 181 181
Pilcrow sign 182 166
Middle dot 183 225
Cedilla 184 252
Superscript one 185 -
Masculine ordinal 186 188
Right angle quotation 187 200
One quarter 188 -
One half 189 -
Three quarters 190 -
Inverted question mark 191 192
A grave 192 203
A acute 193 231
A circumflex 194 229
A tilde 195 204
A diaeresis 196 128
A ring above 197 129
A with E 198 174
C Cedilla 199 130
E grave 200 233
E acute 201 131
E circumflex 202 230
E diaeresis 203 232
I grave 204 237
I acute 205 234
I circumflex 206 235
I diaeresis 207 236
Icelandic Eth 208 -
N tilde 209 132
O grave 210 241
O acute 211 238
O circumflex 212 239
O tilde 213 205
O diaeresis 214 133
Multiplication sign 215 -
O oblique stroke 216 175
U grave 217 244
U acute 218 242
U circumflex 219 243
U diaeresis 220 134
Y acute 221 -
Icelandic Thorn 222 -
German sharp s 223 167
a grave 224 136
a acute 225 135
a circumflex 226 137
a tilde 227 139
a diaeresis 228 138
a ring above 229 140
a with e 230 190
c cedilla 231 141
e grave 232 143
e acute 233 142
e circumflex 234 144
e diaeresis 235 145
i grave 236 147
i acute 237 146
i circumflex 238 148
i diaeresis 239 149
Icelandic eth 240 -
n tilde 241 150
o grave 242 152
o acute 243 151
o circumflex 244 153
o tilde 245 155
o diaeresis 246 154
Division sign 247 214
o oblique stroke 248 191
u grave 249 157
u acute 250 156
u circumflex 251 158
u diaeresis 252 159
y acute 253 -
Icelandic thorn 254 -
y diaeresis 255 216
To allow both Latin-1 and DEC MCS terminal character sets, we should also
include the OE/oe ligature, which occupies the same code points in DEC MCS
as the Latin-1 division and multiplication signs:
DEC-MCS OE digraph (215) 206 206
DEC-MCS oe digraph (247) 207 207
This leaves us with the following empty QuickDraw code points:
1. 160 Dagger
2. 165 Center Dot (fat)
3. 170 TM (not circled)
4. 173 Not equals
5. 176 Infinity
6. 178 <=
7. 179 >=
8. 182 delta
9. 183 Sigma
10. 184 Pi
11. 185 pi
12. 186 Integral
13. 189 Omega
14. 195 Radical
15. 196 Florin
16. 197 Approx =
17. 198 Delta
18. 201 Ellipsis
19. 208 En-dash
20. 209 Em-dash
21. 210 Left doublequote
22. 211 Right doublequote
23. 212 Left singlequote
24. 213 Right singlequote
25. 215 Diamond
26. 217 Y diaeresis
27. 218 Slash
28. 220 Left angle bracket
29. 221 Right angle bracket
30. 222 fi ligature
31. 223 fl ligature
32. 224 Double dagger
33. 226 Baseline singlequote
34. 227 Baseline doublequote
35. 228 Per mil
36. 240 Apple
37. 245 i-dotless
38. 246 Circumflex
39. 247 Tilde
40. 249 Breve
41. 250 Dot accent
42. 251 Ring above
43. 253 Hungarian umlaut
44. 254 Ogonek
45. 255 Caron
We need to assign code points for the 15 characters from Latin-1 that do not
exist in QuickDraw. 45 free code points are available, leaving 30 free after
we make these assignments.
Here is a possible mapping of the Latin-1 characters that are not part of the
QuickDraw character set. The mappings are chosen so as to replace the most
"useless" QuickDraw characters, reserving others that might be used in some
future terminal or file character set for possible future use, and also to use
the closest available QuickDraw characters in the few cases where it is
desirable to show something reasonable in case the user displays a "Font A"
file in (say) Courier/QuickDraw (such as center dot in place of multiply).
The Icelandic Thorn and Eth characters are placed at the same positions that
Apple uses on its Icelandic-model Macs.
Name Latin-1 Font-A Postscript (for printer font)
------- ------ -----------------------------
No break space 160 202 /space
Broken bar 166 160 /brokenbar
Soft hyphen 173 208 /hyphen
Superscript two 178 170 /twosuperior
Superscript three 179 173 /threesuperior
Superscript one 185 176 /onesuperior
One quarter 188 178 /onequarter
One half 189 179 /onehalf
Three quarters 190 186 /threequarters
Icelandic Eth 208 220 /Eth
Multiplication sign 215 165 /multiply
Y acute 221 160 /Yacute
Icelandic Thorn 222 222 /Thorn
Icelandic eth 240 221 /eth
y acute 253 224 /yacute
Icelandic thorn 254 223 /thorn
This leaves 30 codes still free. Whatever mapping we choose, it should be the
same as the file transfer character-set mapping, so we can cut and paste
terminal screens and transfer files with the same results.
I learned (the hard way, and with help from Bur Davis at Adobe) that when
constructing a Courier-based PostScript Latin-1 font, certain characters that
are not actually used in Latin-1 must still be present in the font, otherwise
many Latin-1 characters themselves cannot be printed on certain kinds of
PostScript printers (see kermit/charsets/textps.c on watsun).
The problem is that in early versions of PostScript (pre-47.0, I think),
Courier was a "stroke font", in which many of the accented characters are
composed from other characters (for example, i-grave = i-dotless + grave).
Thus dotless i and the various accents must be present in the font. So if our
printer font were to be like Courier, we must allocate at least the following
from our 30 free positions. The suggested encodings are QuickDraw encodings
when the character is part of the QuickDraw character set, otherwise they are
chosen arbitrarily (*).
Suggested
Name Encoding PostScript Remarks
------------ -------- ---------- -------
Grave accent 197* /grave Not in QuickDraw
Dotless i 245 /dotlessi
Circumflex 246 /circumflex
Tilde 247 /tilde Not the same as /asciitilde
Ring above 251 /ring
For future expansion into other Roman-based language groups (East European,
etc), we should also include:
Suggested
Name Encoding PostScript Remarks
------------ -------- ---------- -------
Breve 249 /breve
Caron 255 /caron
Ogonek 254 /ogonek
Hungarian Umlaut 253 /hungarumlaut
Dot accent 250 /dotaccent
L with stroke 220* /Lslash Not in QuickDraw
l with stroke 221* /lslash Not in QuickDraw
And for compatibility with the Dutch ISO 646 variant as well as various
proprietary host character sets (like Data General):
Florin sign 196 /florin
For a total of 14 more characters, reducing our free positions from 30 to 16.
The printer version of Font A should be easy to create: it's simply a
PostScript encoding vector -- the characters are already known to PostScript.
The printer version of Font X will have to be printed as a bit map screen font.
COMPLETE LISTING OF MAC KERMIT TEXT FONT ENCODING
When a character does not appear in Quickdraw, the corresponding Quickdraw
character is named in the rightmost column to show the effect of font changes
between Mac Extended Latin and purely Quickdraw-based fonts.
When a character does not appear in Latin-1, it is marked with a "*" in the
Latin column. All such characters are assigned to the C1 area (128-159).
The PostScript character name is given to facilitate construction of a Mac
Extended Latin PostScript font.
The following table produces an invertible translation between Mac Extended
Latin and Latin Alphabet 1. Sixteen character positions remain unused and
undefined, and may be used for future expansion.
Code Character Name PostScript Name Apple Latin Quickdraw
128 A diaeresis /Adieresis 128 196
129 A ring above /Aring 129 197
130 C Cedilla /Ccedilla 130 199
131 E acute /Eacute 131 201
132 N tilde /Ntilde 132 209
133 O diaeresis /Odieresis 133 214
134 U diaeresis /Udieresis 134 220
135 a acute /aacute 135 225
136 a grave /agrave 136 224
137 a circumflex /acircumflex 137 226
138 a diaeresis /adieresis 138 228
139 a tilde /atilde 139 227
140 a ring above /aring 140 229
141 c cedilla /ccedilla 141 231
142 e acute /eacute 142 233
143 e grave /egrave 143 232
144 e circumflex /ecircumflex 144 234
145 e diaeresis /edieresis 145 235
146 i acute /iacute 146 237
147 i grave /igrave 147 236
148 i circumflex /icircumflex 148 238
149 i diaeresis /idieresis 149 239
150 n tilde /ntilde 150 241
151 o acute /oacute 151 243
152 o grave /ograve 152 242
153 o circumflex /ocircumflex 153 244
154 o diaeresis /odieresis 154 246
155 o tilde /otilde 155 245
156 u acute /uacute 156 250
157 u grave /ugrave 157 249
158 u circumflex /ucircumflex 158 251
159 u diaeresis /udieresis 159 252
160 Y acute /Yacute --- 221 Ellipsis
161 Degree sign, ring above /ring 161 176
162 Cent sign /cent 162 162
163 Pound sign /sterling 163 163
164 Paragraph (section) sign /section 164 167
165 Multiplication sign /multiply --- 215 Middle Dot
166 Pilcrow sign /paragraph 166 182
167 German sharp s /germandbls 167 223
168 Registered trade mark /registered 168 174
169 Copyright sign /copyright 169 169
170 Superscript two /twosuperior --- 178 TM
171 Acute accent /acute 171 180
172 Diaeresis /dieresis 172 168
173 Superscript three /threesuperior --- 179 Not equal
174 A with E /AE 174 198
175 O oblique stroke /Oslash 175 216
176 Superscript one /onesuperior --- 185 Infinity
177 Plus-minus sign /plusminus 177 177
178 One quarter /onequarter --- 188 Less-equal
179 One half /onehalf --- 189 Greater-equal
180 Yen sign /yen 180 165
181 Micro sign /mu 181 181
182 UNUSED --- 128 * delta
183 UNUSED --- 129 * Sigma
184 UNUSED --- 130 * Pi
185 UNUSED --- 131 * pi
186 Three quarters /threequarters --- 190 Integral
187 Feminine ordinal /ordfeminine 187 170
188 Masculine ordinal /ordmasculine 188 186
189 UNUSED --- 132 * Omega
190 a with e /ae 190 230
191 o oblique stroke /oslash 191 248
192 Inverted question mark /questiondown 192 191
193 Inverted exclamation /exclamdown 193 161
194 Not sign /logicalnot 194 172
195 L with stroke /Lslash --- 142 * L.Anglebracket
196 Florin sign /florin 196 133 *
197 Grave accent /grave --- 134 * Approx-equal
198 UNUSED --- 135 * Delta
199 Left angle quotation /guillemotleft 199 171
200 Right angle quotation /guillemotright 200 187
201 Broken bar /brokenbar --- 166 Dagger
202 No break space /space --- 160 Word space
203 A grave /Agrave 203 192
204 A tilde /Atilde 204 195
205 O tilde /Otilde 205 213
206 OE digraph /OE 206 136 *
207 oe digraph /oe 207 137 *
208 Soft hyphen /hyphen --- 173 En-dash
209 UNUSED --- 144 * fi ligature
210 UNUSED --- 138 * L.Doublequote
211 UNUSED --- 139 * R.Doublequote
212 l with stroke /lslash --- 143 * R.Anglebracket
213 UNUSED --- 146 * Double dagger
214 Division sign /divide 214 247
215 UNUSED --- 145 * fl ligature
216 y diaeresis /ydieresis 216 255
217 Y diaeresis --- 140 * Y diaeresis
218 UNUSED --- 141 * Slash
219 Currency sign /currency 219 164
220 Icelandic Eth /Eth --- 208 Radical
221 Icelandic eth /eth --- 240 L.Singlequote
222 Icelandic Thorn /Thorn --- 222 Em-dash
223 Icelandic thorn /thorn --- 254 Diamond
224 y acute /yacute --- 253 R.Singlequote
225 Middle dot /bullet 225 183
226 UNUSED --- 147 * Base singlequote
226 UNUSED --- 148 * Base doublequote
228 UNUSED --- 149 * Per mil
229 A circumflex /Acircumflex 229 194
230 E circumflex /Ecircumflex 230 202
231 A acute /Aacute 231 193
232 E diaeresis /Edieresis 232 203
233 E grave /Egrave 233 200
234 I acute /Iacute 234 205
235 I circumflex /Icircumflex 235 206
236 I diaeresis /Idieresis 236 207
237 I grave /Igrave 237 204
238 O acute /Oacute 238 211
239 O circumflex /Ocircumflex 239 212
240 UNUSED --- 150 * Apple symbol
241 O grave /Ograve 241 210
242 U acute /Uacute 242 218
243 U circumflex /Ucircumflex 243 219
244 U grave /Ugrave 244 217
245 Dotless i /dotlessi 245 151 *
246 Circumflex /circumflex 246 152 *
247 Tilde /tilde 247 153 *
248 Macron /macron 248 175
249 Breve /breve 249 154 *
250 Dot accent /dotaccent 250 155 *
251 Ring above /ring 251 156 *
252 Cedilla /cedilla 252 184
253 Hungarian Umlaut /hungarumlaut 253 157 *
254 Ogonek /ogonek 254 158 *
255 Caron /caron 255 159 *
INVERTIBLE TRANSLATION TABLES
From Extended Mac Latin (Font A) to Latin-1:
0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15,
16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31,
32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47,
48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63,
64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79,
80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95,
96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111,
112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127,
196, 197, 199, 201, 209, 214, 220, 225, 224, 226, 228, 227, 229, 231, 233, 232,
234, 235, 237, 236, 238, 239, 241, 243, 242, 244, 246, 245, 250, 249, 251, 252,
221, 176, 162, 163, 167, 215, 182, 223, 174, 169, 178, 180, 168, 179, 198, 216,
185, 177, 188, 189, 165, 181, 128, 129, 130, 131, 190, 170, 186, 132, 230, 248,
191, 161, 172, 142, 133, 134, 135, 171, 187, 166, 160, 192, 195, 213, 136, 137,
173, 144, 138, 139, 143, 146, 247, 145, 255, 140, 141, 164, 208, 240, 222, 254,
253, 183, 147, 148, 149, 194, 202, 193, 203, 200, 205, 206, 207, 204, 211, 212,
150, 210, 218, 219, 217, 151, 152, 153, 175, 154, 155, 156, 184, 157, 158, 159
Latin-1 to Extended Mac Latin:
0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15,
16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31,
32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47,
48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63,
64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79,
80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95,
96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111,
112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127,
182, 183, 184, 185, 189, 196, 197, 198, 206, 207, 210, 211, 217, 218, 195, 212,
209, 215, 213, 226, 227, 228, 240, 245, 246, 247, 249, 250, 251, 253, 254, 255,
202, 193, 162, 163, 219, 180, 201, 164, 172, 169, 187, 199, 194, 208, 168, 248,
161, 177, 170, 173, 171, 181, 166, 225, 252, 176, 188, 200, 178, 179, 186, 192,
203, 231, 229, 204, 128, 129, 174, 130, 233, 131, 230, 232, 237, 234, 235, 236,
220, 132, 241, 238, 239, 205, 133, 165, 175, 244, 242, 243, 134, 160, 222, 167,
136, 135, 137, 139, 138, 140, 190, 141, 143, 142, 144, 145, 147, 146, 148, 149,
221, 150, 152, 151, 153, 155, 154, 214, 191, 157, 156, 158, 159, 224, 223, 216
FUTURE EXPANSION
Sixteen positions are free.
Latin Alphabet 2 has 34 characters that are not in Mac Extended Latin.
Latin Alphabet 3 has 22 characters that are not in Mac Extended Latin.
Latin Alphabet 4 has 36 characters that are not in Mac Extended Latin.
Latin Alphabet 5 has 5 characters that are not in Mac Extended Latin.
None of these sets of additional characters except Latin-5 will fit. The
five characters from Latin-5 are used for Turkish:
G-breve, g-breve, S-cedilla, s-cedilla, Uppercase I with dot above.
So by adding these five characters we can also fully support Turkish.
RELATED FILES
On watsun.cc.columbia.edu, in the directory kermit/charsets, accessible via
anonymous FTP:
maclatin.proposal - This file
latin1.c - C program to generate ISO 8859-1 Latin Alphabet 1 table
decmscs.c - C program to generate DEC Multinational Character set table
dec-special.c - C program to generate DEC Special Graphics table
dectech.c - C program to generate DEC Technical table
maclatin.c - C program to generate Mac Extended Latin table
maclatin.hqx - A BinHex-encoded preliminary version of the Mac Latin font
macfontx.txt - Proposal for Mac Font X (DEC Special and DEC Technical)
and in the directory kermit/a, a listing of VT320 escape sequences:
msvibm.vt
and in directory kermit/e, a document that contains, among other things,
summaries of the ISO character-set-related standards, including ISO 4873
and 2022 (all about designation and invocation of character sets):
isok7.txt
(note:, as the draft number increases, the "7" might become "8", etc.)
(End of document)