J. Atmos. Sci., 73, 1101-1117.
Ji Nie
Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory
of Columbia University, Palisades, NY
Adam H. Sobel
Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics and
Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory,
Columbia University, New York, NY.
Abstract
A single-column modeling approach is proposed to study the interaction between convection and large-scale dynamics using the quasi-geostrophic (QG) framework. This approach extends the notion of "parameterization of large-scale dynamics", previously applied in the tropics via the weak-temperature-gradient approximation and other comparable methods, to the extratropics, where balanced adiabatic dynamics plays a larger role in inducing large-scale vertical motion. The diabatic heating in an air column is resolved numerically by a single-column model or a cloud-resolving model. The large-scale vertical velocity, which controls vertical advection of temperature and moisture, is computed through the QG omega equation including the dry adiabatic terms and the diabatic heating term. The component due to diabatic heating can be thought of as geostrophic adjustment to that heating, and couples the convection to the large-scale vertical motion.
The approach is demonstrated using two representations of convection: a single-column model and linear response functions derived by Z. Kuang from a large set of cloud-resolving simulations. The results are qualitatively similar in both cases. The behavior of convection that is strongly coupled to large-scale dynamics is significantly different from that in the uncoupled case. The positive feedback of the diabatic heating on the large-scale vertical motion reduces the stability of the system, extends the decay time scale after initial perturbations, and increases the amplitude of convective responses to transient large-scale perturbations or imposed forcings. The diabatic feedback of convection on vertical motion is strongest for horizontal wavelengths on the order of the Rossby deformation radius.