Reading Questions

M 20 Sep
Plato, Republic, VII–X (543a–621d)

1)  Imperfect Constitutions and Souls (543a–580a)

What are the four degenerate types of states?  Of souls?  How do they come into being?  Is this how things work in “real life”?  Do you find the city/soul parallel convincing?  How can a ‘perfect’ state degenerate into these lesser forms?

2)  Who is happier? (580b–592a)

What three proofs (arguments) does Socrates offer that the just person is happier than the unjust person?  What is the definition of happiness proposed here? How is it like/unlike the earlier definition of justice?  What is the ultimate answer to Thrasymachus’s challenge?

3)  Coda (595a–608b–621d)

Why, having essentially finished the argument at the end of Book IX, does Plato bother with Book X?  Compare the discussion of imitation here to the discussion in Book III.  Do the implications of the Myth of Er contradict Plato’s main point?  Defend poor Homer (those of you who have read him...).