Pro-Code's premature death duly noted (CNET coverage)
Pro-Code bill all but dead
By Alex Lash
June 19, 1997, 5 p.m. PT
With the swiftness of a palace coup, one encryption bill has replaced
its ideological rival as the center of the contentious debate over how
much freedom Internet users should have in protecting their private
correspondence.
Just days after its introduction, the Secure Public Networks Act has
passed a major hurdle and usurped center stage from the Pro-Code bill
sponsored by Sen. Conrad Burns (R-Montana). The former seeks to impose
domestic "key recovery" controls on encryption use, almost a complete
turnaround from the Burns bill's aim to ban any federally mandated key
recovery scheme either for domestic use or for exported software.
Under such a system, the cryptographic keys used to decode encrypted
information must be available by court order if a law enforcement
agency needs to unscramble data in the investigation of a crime.
Pro-Code supporters this week jeered at the new bill, sponsored by
Senators John McCain (R-Arizona) and Bob Kerrey (D-Nebraska). The
industry association Software Publishers Association called it "dead
on arrival." It was dead wrong. (See related story)
The McCain-Kerrey bill passed on a voice vote today more or less
intact, all but replacing Pro-Code as the main encryption bill in the
Senate. Burns's press secretary, Matt Raymond, admitted that Pro-Code
is going nowhere, even after it was hastily amended to provide a
compromise alternative to McCain-Kerrey.
"We don't see this, however, as the end of the goals contained in
Pro-Code," Raymond said.
Given today's last minute amendment, it is unclear what those goals
have become. Part of the amendment required key recovery in any
exported product over 56 bits, no different from the administration's
current regulations that Pro-Code once sought to overturn. The amended
Pro-Code was nonetheless voted down 12-8.
One observer of today's proceedings who asked not to be identified
underlined how quickly the terms of the debate have changed. "Burns
knew he wasn't going to win this one," the obesrver said.
Burns and his supporters hope to have more opportunities to tinker
with the McCain-Kerrey legislation, which mandates key recovery for
encryption purchased by the government and for public networks even
partially funded by the government. It would also make electronic
commerce difficult for users who refuse to register their encryption
keys with a key recovery agent.
McCain-Kerrey will most likely head to the Senate Judiciary Committee,
where chairman Orrin Hatch (R-Utah) has put encryption hearings on the
agenda. There is also talk of the bill going to the Intelligence
Committee.
"If it ends up on Senate floor, it's very unlikely that it'll look
like it does today," said SPA chief technologist Lauren Hall. The SPA
had lobbied hard for Pro-Code and will now focus its efforts on key
senators and on promoting the SAFE Act, a House bill that, like the
previous Pro-Code, seeks to ban most export restrictions.
McCain-Kerrey has gone through some changes already. Sen. John Kerry
(D-Massachusetts) added language to create an advisory board where
software companies could complain that foreign products without key
recovery were posing a threat to the competitiveness of American
software firms. The board would consist of four industry
representatives, the Commerce Department secretary, and
representatives from the National Security Agency, the FBI, and the
CIA.
The SPA's Hall questioned how such a board will help counteract
foreign products as they hit the market: "It puts industry in position
of having to ask to do business overseas. That's not the best way to
preserve American competitiveness. How likely is it that a foreign
competitor will call up an American company and say, 'Hey, we're about
to release a competing product?'"
Sen. Bill Frist (R-Tennessee) successfully introduced four amendments
that require the following:
The process of getting a subpoena to obtain private keys must be as
stringent as obtaining any other type of subpoena.
Government communications systems must operate with key recovery.
The National Institute of Science and Technology and the Justice and
Defense departments must publish a reference implementation plan for
key recovery systems, as well as a definition of key recovery.
related news stories
New crypto bill clears committee June 19, 1997
Group cracks 56-bit encryption June 18, 1997
Crypto foes have day in court June 18, 1997
Group sues for crypto czar records June 18, 1997
Eudora stays private with PGP June 17, 1997
Crypto bill seeks domestic rules June 17, 1997
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