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Critique
of Michel Foucault
Michel
Foucault, in his "What is an Author?" provides us with
slightly more useful theoretical tools. His analysis of the
author-function is crystallised by Rochester's poetry and
society's reception of it. The texts of Rochester's poems do not
give the reader a fully developed author. Rather, they make sly
references to society beyond the text and hint at the nature of
the text, its author, its environment, and its readers. The
relationship of an author to his/her texts is not static. It
varies between different time periods and different societies.
Foucault shows similar disdain to the author as Barthes did in
his essay. He says:
We are used to thinking that the author is so different from all
other men, and so transcendent with regard to all languages
that, as soon as he speaks, meaning begins to proliferate, to
proliferate indefinitely.
The truth is quite the contrary: the author is not an indefinite
source of significations which fill a work; the author does not
precede the works, he is a certain functional principle by
which, in our culture, one limits, excludes, and chooses; in
short, by which one impedes the free circulation, the free
manipulation, the free composition, decomposition, and
recomposition of fiction... The author is therefore the
ideological figure by which one marks the manner in which we
fear the proliferation of meaning.
This
disdain that Foucault shows for the idea of the author is
unwarranted. Using the example of Rochester's poetry and how the
name of its author has influenced its dissemination, one could
agree with Foucault and say that the author "impedes the
free circulation." Yet could we not also say that it is in
the drastic temporal variation of publication and circulation
that an exciting possibility of varying meanings within the text
is created? Is it not the society's reaction to the poetry of
Rochester that provides the critic and reader with a means to
freely compose, decompose and recompose the text? Yes, we could
limit the author's function to being just a system of
classification. But we must also remember that this
classification is dynamic and continually shifts between
timeperiods. Instead of disdaining this (de)limitation of the
author, let us rejoice in it. If we take the next theoretical
step from Foucault's idea of the author, the author him/herself
becomes a plural and fluid identity, a created and constructed
discourse that interacts with society, the reader, as well as
the texts attributed to him/her. |