Introduction to Comparative Politics
Department of
Political Science
Columbia University
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Political Science V1501x
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Douglas A Chalmers
(chalmers@columbia.edu)
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Fall 2003
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Off Hrs: Tues 3-5
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702 Hamilton
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829 Int. Aff , Tel:
854-6675
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TR 10:25-11:50
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chalmers@columbia.edu
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Teaching Assistants
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Xi Chen (xc48@columbia.edu),
Ben Reames (bnr4@columbia.edu),
Jian Zhang (jz2015@columbia.edu)
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Discussions: TBA
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Overview
This course introduces the analysis
of politics and society through the techniques of comparative politics. We will
address four major topics representing a significant, but small part of the
work being done in the field. These topics are:
1. (Sept 9-23) Patterns of
representation: what does it matter how
citizens are linked to politics?
2. (Sept 28-Oct 12) Collective
action: What are the conditions under
which people act together to advance their own interests or promote change?
3. (Oct 24ÐNov 9) Democratic
breakdown: Why do some democracies turn to
authoritarianism while others survive many challenges?
4. (Nov 14Ð30) Building
democratic institutions: What processes
create stable, consolidated democratic institutions?
In each one of these modules, we
will do three things: First, look at the politics of a country (Mexico, China,
Germany and Brazil Ð with a cursory look at a comparative country in each case,
Nigeria, France, Iran, India) to see the problem concretely, and see how
questions and ÔsolutionsÕ are thrown up during political crises. Second, we will examine some major
theories meant to elucidate significant problems in all or many countries. Finally, we will look closely at a
relevant single work which has helped to shape the discipline of comparative
politics. Exploring a single work will also give us a chance to talk not only
about the theory it puts forward, but also about the methods political
scientists use to construct theories and test them.
Requirements:
a term paper (with penalties for
not turning in first draft), 40%
a mid term (October 16) 20%
a final examination (Dec 16) 30%
participation in discussion
sections 10%
The paper
A single paper of about 15 pages in
length, which will identify and try to answer some important question about the
politics in a specific country (or set of them). The objective of the paper
will be to explore whether theoretical writings Ð whether discussed in the
course or not Ð throw light on the dynamics of politics in the chosen country.
It need not discuss politics in more than one country, although the ideas
should be relevant for making comparisons and contrasts.
A preliminary submission, of no
more than two pages, identifying the country or event, a short annotated
bibliography, and a tentative question to be addressed will be due on September
25.
A first draft of the paper is due
on October 30.
The final version of the paper will
be due on December 2.
Books for purchase
(available at Labyrinth Books)
Kesselman, Mark, Joel Krieger, and William A.
Joseph, eds. 3rd ed. 2003.
Introduction to Comparative Politics (ICP). Houghton Mifflin
Allen, William Sheridan., The Nazi Seizure
Of Power : The Experience Of A Single German Town, 1922-1945, Rev. ed. New
York : F. Watts, c1984.
Dahl, Robert A-, Polyarchy; participation and opposition , New
Haven, Yale University Press, 1971.
McAdam, Doug, Sidney Tarrow, Charles Tilly, Dynamics
of Contention (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2001)
Ostrom, Elinor, Governing the Commons,
New York : Cambridge University Press, 1990.
Putnam, Robert D., Making democracy work :
civic traditions in modern Italy, Princeton, 1993
Schedule
(note that the
up to date version will be in Courseworks)
(Note that
sections sometimes overlap. We often spend 1 1/2 days on a topic)
Sept 2 & 4 Intro
and approach
Kesselman, Introduction to Comparative Politics (hereafter ICP) chapter 1
MODULE 1 -
REPRESENTATION
Sept 9 & 11 Mexico
(Nigeria)
ICP, chapter 10, 11,
Fox, Jonathan, "The Difficult Transition
from Clientelism to Citizenship", World Politics, 46/2 (Jan 94) pp.
151-184 (JSTOR)
Kaufman, Robert and Guillermo Trejo,
ÒRegionalism, Regime Transformation, and PRONASOLÓ. Journal of Latin American
Studies pp714-745, October 1997
http://www.columbia.edu/~chalmers/KandT.html
John C. Cross, ÒCo-optation, Competition, and Resistance: State and Street
Vendors in Mexico CityÓ Latin American Perspectives, Vol. 25, No. 2, The Urban
Informal Sector. (Mar., 1998), pp. 41-61.
http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0094-582X%28199803%2925%3A2%3C41%3ACCARSA%3E2.0.CO%3B2-R
Sept 11 & 16 Forms
of Participation: How individuals link to the state
Foley, Michael W. & Bob Edwards ,
"The Paradox of Civil Society", Journal of Democracy 7.3
(1996) 38-52 (MUSE)
Douglas A. Chalmers, Scott B. Martin, and Kerianne Piester,
"Associative Networks: New Structures of Representation for the Popular
Sectors?" in Douglas Chalmers et al.,
eds., The New Politics of Inequality in Latin America: Rethinking
Participation and Representation (New York:
Oxford University Press, 1997), ch. 22 http://www.columbia.edu/~chalmers/AN.html
Kitschelt, Herbert.. "Linkages Between Citizens and Politicians in
Democratic Polities" Comparative Political Studies 2000 vol33, no. 6: 845-879 http://ejournals.ebsco.com/direct.asp?ArticleID=XND01P0L2PEXXTNTVM10
Stephen N. Ndegwa, Citizenship
and Ethnicity: An Examination of Two Transition Moments in Kenyan Politics The American Political Science
Review , Vol. 91, No. 3. (Sep., 1997), pp.
599-616.
Brady, Henry E., Sidney Verba, Kay Lehman
Schlozman, "Beyond SES: A
Resource Model of Political Participation ". The American Political Science Review, Vol. 89,
No. 2. (Jun., 1995), pp. 271-294. (JSTOR )
Diane Singerman, Avenues of Participation:
Family, Politics, and Networks in Urban Quarters of Cairo - (Princeton:
Princeton University Press, 1997) Intro, Chapter 5, Conclusion (on electronic
course reserve)
Other reading:
John W. Harbeson, Donald Rothchild, and Naomi Chazan, eds., Civil Society
and the State in Africa - (Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publisher, 1996)
James C. Scott, Weapons of the Weak: Everyday Forms of Peasant Resistance (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1983), chs. 1-2
G. Bingham Powell, Jr., Elections as
Instruments of Democracy, pbk. (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2000), chs.
1-2.
Warren E. Miller and J. Merrill Shanks, The
New American Voter, pbk. (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1996), chs.
1, 6, 8, 10, 17, 18. The latest
synthesis of decades of analysis of why Americans vote as they do.
James A. Stimson, Michael B. MacKuen, and Robert S. Erikson, ÒDynamic
Representation,Ó APSR 89 (September
1995), pp. 543-565 (JSTOR)
Brady, Henry E. ; Schlozman, Kay Lehman. ; Verba, Sidney, Prospecting for
participants: rational expectations and the recruitment of political activists.
The American Political Science Review v. 93 no1 (Mar. 1999) p. 153-68
Sept 18 & 23 Exploring
Civil Society: ÒSocial CapitalÓ
Putnam, Robert D., Making Democracy Work
Annotated Bibliography and
problem due Sept 25
MODULE 2 Ð
COLLECTIVE ACTION
Sept 25 China
(France)
ICP, ch 11, 3
Xueguang Zhou, ÒUnorganized Interests and Collective Action in Communist
ChinaÓ, American Sociological Review, Volume 58, Issue 1 (Feb., 1993), Pp.
54-73. (JSTORE)
Tianjian Shi, Political Participation in Beijing, Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1997., Ch1
ÒIntroductionÓ.
Tang Tsou, ÒThe Tiananmen Tragedy: The State-Society Relationship, Choices,
and Mechanisms in Historical PerspectiveÓ. In Jon Elster ed., The Roundtable
Talks and the Breakdown of Communism, Chicago: University of Chicago Press,
1996.
Sept 30 & October 2 Collective action
Doug McAdam, John D. McCarthy, Mayer N.
Zald (eds.) Comparative
Perspectives On Social Movements New York : Cambridge University Press,
1996., Intro and Chapters 2, 7 & 12 - HN13 .C644 1996 (On reserve in Butler)
Other reading:
Tarrow, Sidney, Power in Movement: Social Movements, Collective
Action and Politics (Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press, 1994),
Other Reading
Arturo Escobar and Sonia E. Alvarez, eds.,
The Making of Social Movements in Latin America: Identity, Strategy, and Democracy (Boulder: Westview Press,
1992).
Donatella della Porta, Social Movements,
Political Violence, and the State: A Comparative Analysis of Italy and Germany
(New York: Cambridge University Press, 1995).
John W. Harbeson, Donald Rothchild, and Naomi
Chazan, eds., Civil Society and the State in Africa (Boulder: Lynne Rienner
Publisher, 1996).
Oct 7
& 9 Exploring
Social Movements
Doug McAdam, Sidney Tarrow, Charles Tilly, Dynamics
of Contention (New York: Cambridge
University Press, 2001)
Oct 14 Review
Oct 16 MIDTERM
EXAM
MODULE 3 Ð
Democratic Stability and Weakness
Oct
21& 23 Germany (Iran)
ICP, ch 4, 12
Allen, William Sheridan., The Nazi Seizure
Of Power : The Experience Of A Single German Town, 1922-1945, Rev. ed. New
York : F. Watts, c1984. Part 1, pp. 1-147
- DD256.5 .A58 1984
Bawn, Kathleen. 1993. "The Logic of
Institutional Preference: German Electoral Law as a Social Choice Outcome"
American Journal of Political Science 37, no. 4: 965-989. (JSTOR)
Kuechler, Manfred. 1992. "The Road to German Unity: Mass Sentiment in
East and West Germany" Public Opinion Quarterly 56, no. 1: 53-76. (JSTOR)
Oct 23 Iran
and the Middle East (Lecture by Prof Lisa Anderson)
Oct 28 Stable
Democracy: Weaknesses and Obstacles
Linz, Juan J. The Breakdown Of Democratic Regimes : Crisis, Breakdown,
And Reequilibration. - JN94.A2
L56 (On reserve in Butler)
Przeworski, Adam, and Fernando Limongi. "Modernization: Theories and Facts." World Politics 49:2 (Jan
1997) pp. 155-183. (MUSE)
Samuel Huntington, Political Order in Changing Societies (1968), pages 1-59.
Stephens, John D. ÒDemocratic
Transition and Breakdown in Western Europe, 1870-1939: A Test of the Moore
ThesisÓ American Journal of Sociology, Vol. 94, No. 5. (Mar., 1989), pp.
1019-1077.(JSTOR)
Other Reading
Lisa Anderson, ed., Transitions to Democracy, pbk. (New York: Columbia
University Press, 1999). A
symposium on RustowÕs 1970 article by the same title.
Barrington Moore Jr., The Social Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy,
pbk. (Boston: Beacon Press, 1966), Preface, Chs. 1.
Guillermo O'Donnell, "Illusions About
Consolidation" Journal of Democracy 7.2 (1996) 34-51 (MUSE)
Jill Crystal, ÒAuthoritarianism and its Adversaries in the Arab WorldÓ
World Politics, 46, no. 2. 1994: 262-289.
Philippe C. Schmitter and Terry Lynn Karl, ÒWhat Democracy Is...and Is
Not,Ó Journal of Democracy 2 (Summer 1991), 75-87
Adam Przeworski et al., Sustainable Democracy (New York: Cambridge
University Press, 1995), Chs. 3-5.
First Draft of Paper Due October 30
Oct 30 & Nov 6 Exploring
Democratic Instability
Dahl, Robert A, Polyarchy
Nov
11 Discussion
of papers
MODULE 4 Ð
BUILDING DEMOCRATIC INSTITUTIONS
Nov
13 & 18 Brazil
(India)
ICP, ch 9, 6
Mainwaring, Scott, "Brazilian Party
Underdevelopment in Comparative Perspective" Political Science
Quarterly, 107/4 1992, pp677-707 (JSTOR)
Nov 18 & 20 Democratic
Institutions
Guillermo O'Donnell, "Illusions About
Consolidation" Journal of Democracy 7.2 (1996) 34-51 (MUSE)
Mainwaring, Scott, 1954- ÒThe Surprising
Resilience of Elected GovernmentsÓ Journal of Democracy - Volume 10, Issue 3
1999 - Article
Karen L. Remmer, Theoretical Decay and
Theoretical Development: The Resurgence of Institutional Analysis, World
Politics 50.1 (1997) 34-61
http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/world_politics/v050/50.1remmer.html
Jack Knight, Institutions and Social Conflict
(New York: Cambridge University Press, 1992), Chs. 1-3.
Peter Hall and Rosemary Taylor, ÒPolitical
Science and the Three New InstitutionalismsÓ Political Studies, Vol.44 (1996):
936-957.
Sven Steinmo and Kathleen Thelen, ÒHistorical
Institutionalism in Comparative Perspective,Ó in Steinmo, Thelen and
Longstreth, Structuring Politics (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1992),
pp. 1-32.
Kathleen Thelen, ÒHistorical Institutionalism
in Comparative PoliticsÓ, Annual Review of Political Science, 1 (1999)
Walter Powell and Paul J. DiMaggio, eds., The
New Institutionalism in Organizational Analysis (Chicago: University of Chicago
Press, 1991).
George Tsebelis, Nested Games: Rational
Choice in Comparative Politics, Berkeley, University of California Press, 1990.
Nov 25 & Dec 2 Using
Models in Political Analysis
Ostrom, Elinor, Governing the Commons
Final version of paper due Dec 3
Dec 4 Review
Dec 17
(Tuesday, 9-Noon) Final
Examination
Some Recommended
Readings
Some works on theories and methods of political and
social science
Almond, Gabriel. A
Discipline Divided (Newbury Park, CA: Sage,
1990), ÒSeparate Tables?Ó and ÒClouds,
Clocks.Ó
King, Gary. Robert O. Keohane, and Sidney Verba,
Designing Social Inquiry: Scientific Inference in Qualitative Research, pbk. (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1994).
Mark Irving Lichbach and Alan S. Zuckerman,
eds., Comparative Politics: Rationality, Culture, and Structure, pbk. (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1997).
ÒThe Role of Theory in Comparative Politics:
Symposium,Ó World Politics 48:1 (October
1995): 1-49. (MUSE)
Mexico
Blum, Roberto. ÒThe Weight of the Past.Ó Journal of Democracy, vol. 8, no. 4
(October 1997).
De la pol’tica mexicana y sus medios: Deterioro institucional o nuevo pacto
pol’tico? Mexico City: CIDE, 1996.
Collier, Ruth Berins and David Collier. Shaping the Political Arena. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1991. (chapt. on Mex)
Cornelius, Wayne. ÒMexicoÕs Delayed Democratization.Ó Foreign Policy, no. 95 (Summer 1995). (
Dom’nguez, Jorge and James McCann. Democratizing Mexico: Public Opinion and Electoral
Choices. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996.
Dresser, Denise. ÒMexico: The
Decline of Dominant Party Rule.Ó
In Dom’nguez, Jorge, and Lawrence Lowenthal, eds. Constructing Democratic Governance: Latin America and the Caribbean in the
1990s. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996.
Durand Ponte, V’ctor Manuel, ed. La Construcci—n de la Democracia en
MŽxico. Mexico City: Siglo XXI Editores, 1994.
Klesner, Joseph. L. ÒAn Electoral Route to Democracy? MexicoÕs Transition in Comparative Perspective.Ó Comparative Politics, vol. 30, no. 4
(July 1998).
Purcell, Susan Kaufman. ÒThe Changing Nature of US-Mexico
Relations.Ó Journal of
Interamerican Studies and World Affairs, vol. 39, no. 1 (Spring 1997) (on line
cite, coming)
Ward, Peter. ÒSocial Welfare Policy and Political Opening in
Mexico.Ó In Cornelius, Wayne, Ann
L. Craig and Jonathan Fox, eds.
Transforming State-Society Relations in Mexico: The National Solidarity Strategy. San Diego: Center for U.S.-Mexican Studies, 1994.
Zebadœa, Emilio. ÒDel Plan Brady al TLC: La l—gica de la pol’tica exterior mexicana, 1988-1994.Ó Foro Internacional, vol. XXXIV, no. 4
(October-December 1994).
Forms of Participation
Dryzek, John S., ÒPolitical Inclusion and the
Dynamics of DemocratizationÓ The American Political Science Review, Vol. 90,
No. 3. (Sep., 1996), pp. 475-487. (JSTOR)
Inglehart, Ronald ,Modernization and
Postmodernization: Cultural, Economic, and Political Change in 43 Societies, pbk. (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1997),
chs. 8, 10.
Schmitter, Philippe C. (1974) "Still the
Century of Corporatism?" Review of Politics 36: 85-131.
Verba, Sidney, Norman Nie, and Jae‑on
Kim, Participation and Political Equality: A Seven Nation Comparison, pbk. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1978),
chs. 1-7, 9-11, 14.
Exploring Civil Society
Designing social inquiry Gary King, Robert O. Keohane, Sidney
Verba. H61 .K5437 1994 (Lehman reserves)
Collective Action
Clark, Ann Marie,
Friedman, E. and Hochstetler, K.
"The Sovereign Limits of Global Civil Society: A Comparison of NGO
Participation in the UN World Conferences on the Environment, Human Rights, and
Women," World Politics,Vol. 51, No. 1, October 1998: 1-35
Olson, Mancur. The
Logic Of Collective Action; HM131 .O55 1971 (Lehman reserves)
Sikkink, Kathryn
and Keck, Margaret.
Activists Beyond Borders: Transnational Advocacy Networks in
International Politics (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1998) JF529 .K43 1998
Tilly, Charles. From
Mobilization To Revolution JC328.3 .T54 (Milstein)
Germany
Kitschelt,
Herbert. 2000. "Linkages Between Citizens and Politicians
in Democratic
Polities" Comparative Political Studies 33, no. 6:
845-879.
Poguntke, Thomas.
1992. "Parties in a Legalistic Culture: The Case of
Germany." In
How Parties Organize: Change and Adaptation in Party
Organizations
in Western Democracies, ed. by Richard S. Katz and Peter
Mair, 185-215.
London: Sage.
Democratic Stability and Collapse
Cohen, Youssef.
Radicals, reformers, and reactionaries : the prisoner's dilemma and the
collapse of democracy in Latin America 1994 JL966 .C64 1994
Democratic Institutions
Evans, Peter,
"The Eclipse of the State? Reflections on Stateness in an Era of
Globalization", World Politics 50.1 (1997) 62-87 (MUSE)
http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/world_politics/v050/50.1evans.html
Jackson, Robert
H. and Carl Rosberg, "Why Africa's Weak States Persist: the Empirical and
the Juridical in Statehood", World Politics, 35/1 (Oct. 1982), 1-24
O'Donnell,
Guillermo (Editor), Philippe C. Schmitter (Editor) , Transitions from Authoritarian
Rule : Tentative Conclusions About Uncertain Democracies, Johns Hopkins
University Press 1986
Larry Diamond,
Developing Democracy: Toward Consolidation (Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins
University Press, 1999). Ch. 3
Larry Diamond,
"Rethinking Civil Society: Toward Democratic Consolidation" Journal
of Democracy - Volume 5, Issue 3 July
1994 (MUSE)
Stephan Haggard
and Robert R. Kaufman, The Political Economy of Democratic Transitions
(Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1995), Introduction, Chs. 4, 5, 9, 10,
Conclusion.
Linz and Stepan,
Problems of Democratic Transition and Consolidation: Southern Europe, South
America, and Eastern Europe (Baltimore:
Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996).
Ch. 1
Stepan and Skach,
"Constitutional Frameworks and Democratic Consolidation:
Parliamentarianism versus Presidentialism" World Politics - Volume 46 October 1993 (J-STOR)