FORMAL MODELING IN POLITICAL SCIENCE

Politics G53.2105

S. J. Brams

New York University

715 Broadway, Rm. 424

Fall 1996

998-8510

Applications of game theoryand an alternative strategic theory called theory of movesas well as social-choice theory to a wide variety of strategic situations, principally but not exclusively in politics, will be examined. Uses of strategy in voting in committees and elections, in political campaigns, in the defense and deterrence policies of nations, and in bargaining and coalition-building situations will be among the topics discussed. Secrecy and deception as political strategies will also be analyzed.

Although the applications of strategic thinking will be mainly to American and international politics, strategy in everything from the Bible to sports and business today will be studied, too. Social-choice topics that will be analyzed include the fairness and manipulability of different voting systems, problems of achieving proportional representation in parliamentary democracies, and conflicts among different apportionment methods.

In addition to the required readings, further readings will be recommended throughout the course for those interested in pursuing particular topics in greater depth. No mathematical training beyond high school mathematics is assumed in the course. The written requirements of the course include a midterm and a final examination plus a short paper on a topic that is chosen in consultation with the instructor. Each of the three written requirements will count approximately 1/3 towards your final grade.

Books (all paperbacks)

Brams, Steven J. RATIONAL POLITICS: DECISIONS, GAMES, AND STRATEGY.

Washington, DC/Boston: CQ/Academic Press, 1985/1989 (out of print; used copies and bound reproductions in bookstore). RP

Brams, Steven J. THEORY OF MOVES. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press,

1994. TOM

Dixit, Avinash, and Barry Nalebuff. THINKING STRATEGICALLY: THE COMPETITIVE EDGE IN BUSINESS, POLITICS, AND EVERYDAY LIFE. New York: W. W. Norton, 1991. TS

Assignments Due

Sept. 9: RP, chs. l-2; TOM, Introduction; TS, Introduction

Sept. 16: TOM, ch. 1; TS, ch. 1-2

Sept. 23: TOM, ch. 2; TS, ch. 3-4

Sept. 30: TOM, ch. 3; TS, ch. 5-6

Oct. 7: TOM, ch. 4; TS, ch. 7

Oct. 14: TOM, chs. 5-6

Oct. 21: TOM, chs. 7-8

Oct. 28: Midterm Examination

Nov. 4: RP, ch. 3; TS, ch. 8-9

Nov. 11: RP, ch. 4; TS, chs. 10-11

Nov. 18: RP, chs. 5 & 7 (skip ch. 6)

Nov. 25: 8-10 page paper due; oral reports

Dec. 2: RP, chs. 8-9; TS, chs. 12-13

Dec. 9: Review

Dec. 16 (?): Final Examination

Game Theory Texts

Bierman, H. Scott, and Luis Fernandez. GAME THEORY WITH ECONOMIC

APPLICATIONS. Addison-Wesley, 1993.

Binmore, Ken. FUN AND GAMES: A TEXT ON GAME THEORY. D. C. Heath, l992.

Davis, Morton D. GAME THEORY: A NONTECHNICAL INTRODUCTION, 2d ed.

Basic, l983.

Eichberger, Jrgen. GAME THEORY FOR ECONOMISTS. Academic, 1993.

Friedman, James W. GAME THEORY WITH APPLICATIONS TO ECONOMICS, 2d.

ed. Oxford University Press, 1990.

Fudenberg, Drew, and Jean Tirole. GAME THEORY. MIT Press, 1991.

Gardner, Roy. GAMES FOR BUSINESS AND ECONOMICS. Wiley, 1995.

Gibbons, Robert. GAME THEORY FOR APPLIED ECONOMISTS. Princeton

University Press, 1993.

Hargreaves Heap, Shaun P., and Yanis Varoufakis. GAME THEORY: A CRITICAL

INTRODUCTION. Routledge, 1995.

Luce, R. Duncan, and Howard Raiffa. GAMES AND DECISIONS: A CRITICAL

SURVEY. Wiley, l957.

Morris, P. INTRODUCTION TO GAME THEORY. Springer-Verlag, 1994.

Morrow, James D. GAME THEORY FOR POLITICAL SCIENTISTS. Princeton

University Press, 1994.

Myerson, Roger B. GAME THEORY: ANALYSIS OF CONFLICT. Harvard

University Press, l99l.

Rasmusen, Eric. GAMES AND INFORMATION: AN INTRODUCTION TO GAME

THEORY, 2d ed. Basil Blackwell, l994.

Rubinstein, Ariel, and Martin J. Osborne. A COURSE IN GAME THEORY. MIT

Press, 1994.

Straffin, Philip D. GAME THEORY AND STRATEGY. Mathematical Associaiton

of

America, 1993.

Zagare, Frank C. GAME THEORY: CONCEPTS AND APPLICATIONS. Sage, l984.

Applications and History of Game Theory and Social-Choice Theory

Ankeny, Nesmith C. POKER STRATEGY: WINNING WITH GAME THEORY.

Basic, 1981.

Aumann, Robert J., and Michael B. Maschler. REPEATED GAMES WITH

INCOMPLETE INFORMATION. MIT Press, 1995.

Aumann, Robert J., and Sergiu Hart (eds.). HANDBOOK OF GAME THEORY WITH

ECONOMIC APPLICATIONS, vols. 1/2. North Holland, 1992/1994.

Axelrod, Robert. THE EVOLUTION OF COOPERATION. Basic, l984.

Baird, Douglas G., Robert H. Gertner, and Randal C. Picker. GAME THEORY

AND

THE LAW. Harvard University Press, 1994.

Binmore, K. G. GAME THEORY AND THE SOCIAL CONTRACT. Vol. 1:

PLAYING FAIR. MIT Press, 1994.

Binmore, Ken, Alan Kirman, and Piero Tani (eds.). FRONTIERS OF GAME

THEORY.

MIT Press, 1993.

Boorman, Scott A. THE PROTRACTED GAME: A WEI-CHI INTREPRETATION OF

MAOIST REVOLUTIONARY STRATEGY. Oxford University Press, l969.

Brams, Steven J. BIBLICAL GAMES: A STRATEGIC ANALYSIS OF STORIES

IN THE OLD TESTAMENT. MIT Press, l980.

Brams, Steven J. GAME THEORY AND POLITICS. Free Press, l975.

Brams, Steven J. NEGOTIATION GAMES: APPLYING GAME THEORY TO

BARGAINING AND ARBITRATION. Routledge, l990.

Brams, Steven J. PARADOXES IN POLITICS: AN INTRODUCTION TO THE

NONOBVIOUS IN POLITICAL SCIENCE. Free Press, l976.

Brams, Steven J. THE PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION GAME. Yale University Press,

l978.

Brams, Steven J. SUPERIOR BEINGS: IF THEY EXIST, HOW WOULD WE KNOW?

GAME-THEORETIC IMPLICATIONS OF OMNISCIENCE, OMNIPOTENCE,

IMMORTALITY, AND INCOMPREHENSIBILITY. Springer-Verlag, l983.

Brams, Steven J. SUPERPOWER GAMES: APPLYING GAME THEORY TO

SUPERPOWER CONFLICT. Yale University Press, l985.

Brams, Steven J., and Peter C. Fishburn. APPROVAL VOTING. Birkhuser

Boston,

1983.

Brams, Steven J., and D. Marc Kilgour. GAME THEORY AND NATIONAL

SECURITY. Basil Blackwell, l988.

Brams, Steven J., and Alan D. Taylor. FAIR DIVISION: FROM CAKE-CUTTING

TO

DISPUTE RESOLUTION. Cambridge University Press, 1996.

Colman, Andrew. GAME THEORY AND ITS APPLICATIONS IN THE SOCIAL AND

BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, 2d ed. Butterworth, Heinemann, 1995.

Colomer, Josep M. GAME THEORY AND THE TRANSITION TO DEMOCRACY:

THE SPANISH MODEL. Edward Elgar, 1995.

Coughlin, Peter. PROBABILISTIC VOTING THEORY. Cambridge University pess,

1992.

Downs, Anthony. AN ECONOMIC THEORY OF DEMOCRACY. New York: Harper,

1957.

Symposium: Economics of Voting. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVES 9,

no. 1 (Winter 1995): 3-98.

Enelow, James M., and Melvin J. Hinich (eds). ADVANCES IN THE SPATIAL

THEORY OF VOTING. Cambridge University Press, 1990.

Enelow, James M., and Melvin J. Hinich. THE SPATIAL THEORY OF VOTING: AN

INTRODUCTION. Cambridge University Press, 1984.

Farquharson, Robin. THEORY OF VOTING. Yale University Press, l969.

Green, Donald P., and Ian Shapiro. PATHOLOGIES OF RATIONAL CHOICE

THEORY: A CRITIQUE OF APPLICATIONS IN POLITICAL SCIENCE. Yale

University Press, 1994.

Grofman, Bernard (ed.). INFORMATION, PARTICIPATION, AND CHOICE: AN

ECONOMIC THEORY OF DEMOCRACY IN PERSPECTIVE. University of Michigan

Press, 1993.

Hamburger, Henry. GAMES AS MODELS OF SOCIAL PHENOMENA. Freeman, l979.

Howard, Nigel. PARADOXES OF RATIONALITY: THEORY OF METAGAMES AND

POLITICAL BEHAVIOR. MIT Press, l97l.

Kelly, Jerry S. SOCIAL CHOICE THEORY. Springer-Verlag, l988.

Kreps, David M. GAME THEORY AND ECONOMIC MODELLING. Oxford

University Press, l990.

Landany, Shaul P., and Robert E. Machol (eds.). OPTIMAL STRATEGIES IN

SPORTS. North Holland, l970.

Livingston, Paiseley. LITERATURE AND RATIONALITY: IDEAS OF AGENCY IN

THEORY AND FICTION. Cambridge University Press, 1991.

McDonald, John. THE GAME OF BUSINESS. Doubleday, l975.

McLean, Iain, and Arnold B. Urken (eds.). CLASSICS OF SOCIAL CHOICE.

University of Michigan Press, 1995.

McMillan, John. GAMES, STRATEGIES, AND MANAGERS: HOW MANAGERS

CAN USE GAME THEORY TO MAKE BETTER BUSINESS DECISIONS.

Oxford University Press, 1992.

Macrae, Norman. JOHN VON NEUMANN. Pantheon, 1992.

Merrill, Samuel, III. MAKING MULTICANDIDATE ELECTIONS MORE

DEMOCRATIC. Princeton University Press, l988.

Miller, Nicholas R. COMMITTEES, AGENDAS, AND VOTING. Harwood Academic,

1995.

Mor, Ben D. DECISION AND INTERACTION IN CRISIS: A MODEL OF

INTERNATIONAL CRISIS BEHAVIOR. Praeger, 1993.

Moulin, Herv. COOPERATIVE MICROECONOMICS: A GAME-THEORETIC

INTRODUCTION. Princeton University Press, 1995.

Mueller, Dennis C. PUBLIC CHOICE II. Cambridge University Press, 1989.

Muzzio, Douglas. WATERGATE GAMES: STRATEGIES, CHOICES, OUTCOMES.

New York University Press, l982.

Nurmi, Hannu. COMPARING VOTING SYSTEMS. D. Reidel, 1987.

Ordeshook, Peter C. GAME THEORY AND POLITICAL THEORY. Cambridge

University Press, l986.

Ordeshook, Peter C. A POLITICAL THEORY PRIMER. New York: Routledge,

1992.

Ostrom, Elinor. GOVERNING THE COMMONS: THE EVOLUTION OF

INSTITUTIONS FOR COLLECTIVE ACTION. Cambridge University Press,

1990.

Poundstone, William. PRISONERS DILEMMA: JOHN VON NEUMANN, GAME

THEORY, AND THE PUZZLE OF THE BOMB. Doubleday, 1992.

Riker, William H. THE ART OF POLITICAL MANIPULATION. Yale University

Press,

1986.

Riker, William H. LIBERALISM AGAINST POPULISM: A CONFRONTATION

BETWEEN THE THEORY OF DEMOCRACY AND THE THEORY OF SOCIAL

CHOICE. Freeman, l982.

Riker, William H. THE THEORY OF POLITICAL COALITIONS. Yale University

Press, l962.

Saari, Donald G. GEOMETRY OF VOTING. Springer-Verlag, 1994.

Sandler, Todd. COLLECTIVE ACTION: THEORY AND APPLICATIONS. University

of Michigan Press, 1992.

Schelling, Thomas C. MICROMOTIVES AND MACROBEHAVIOR. Norton, 1978.

Schelling, Thomas C. THE STRATEGY OF CONFLICT. Harvard University Press,

l960.

Shepsle, Kenneth A. MODELS OF MULTIPARTY ELECTORAL COMPETITION.

Harwood, 1991.

Sigmund, Karl. GAMES OF LIFE: EXPLORATIONS IN ECOLOGY, EVOLUTION,

AND BEHAVIOR. Oxford University Presss, 1993.

Smith, John Maynard. EVOLUTION AND THE THEORY OF GAMES. Cambridge

University Press, l982.

Strom, Gerald S. THE LOGIC OF LAWMAKING: A SPATIAL THEORY

APPROACH. Johns Hopkins University Press, 1990.

Taylor, Alan D. MATHEMATICS AND POLITICS: STRATEGY, VOTING, POWER,

AND PROOF. Springer-Verlag, 1995.

Taylor, Michael. THE POSSIBILITY OF COOPERATION. Cambridge University

Press, l987.

Tsebelis, George. NESTED GAMES: RATIONAL CHOICE IN COMPARATIVE

POLITICS. University of California Press, l990.

Vajda, Steven. MATHEMATICAL GAMES AND HOW TO PLAY THEM. Ellis

Horwood, 1992.

Weibull, Jrgen. EVOLUTIONARY GAME THEORY. MIT Press, 1995.

Weintraub, E. Roy (ed.). TOWARD A HISTORY OF GAME THEORY. Duke

University Press, 1992.

Young, Peyton. EQUITY: HOW GROUPS DIVIDE GOODS AND BURDENS

AMONG THEIR MEMBERS. Princeton University Press, 1994.

Zagare, Frank C. THE DYNAMICS OF DETERRENCE. University of Chicago

Press, l987.