BN is a multi-determined illness. A variety of environmental and genetic factors may play a role in increasing the risk of developing this disorder. Several of these risk factors include:

Gender: BN predominately affects women

Dieting: Studies have demonstrated that a history of dieting, as well as weight and shape concern increase the risk of developing bulimia

History of anorexia nervosa: Some studies indicate that 20-30% of patients with BN have at one time met criteria for anorexia nervosa.

Family factors: Patients with BN often report experiencing negative comments by family on their weight, shape, and eating habits. Additionally, patients with BN report greater degrees of parental intrusiveness, jealousy, and competition, particularly in regards to mothers (Polivy & Herman 2002).

Certain personality characteristics: These include heightened impulsivity, novelty-seeking, harm-avoidance, stress reactivity, and negative emotionality.

Genetics: Twin studies suggest that genetics may be a risk factor in developing bulimia nervosa.