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'Ser' or 'estar' according to context.


Spanish has no exact single equivalent of the English verb to be. For its wide range of meanings and uses Spanish employs the verbs ser and estar as well as several other verbs and special constructions. The ser / estar drills in this page deal with situations in which either one of these verbs can be used to form grammatically correct sentences. The choice depends on the meaning to be conveyed. For cases when only one of the verbs can be used to form grammatically correct sentences, see the page Either 'ser' or 'estar'

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Grammatical Notes


Question #1 - Gloss.?

Nosotros felices .

  • (1|a)
  • (1|b)
  • (2|a)
  • (2|b)
  • 2 valid answers. Can you find them all?

  • Question #2 - Gloss.?

    La leche .

  • (1|a)
  • (1|b)
  • (2|a)
  • (2|b)
  • 2 valid answers. Can you find them all?

  • Question #3 - Gloss.?

    Todos las aulas clausuradas y a obscuras; clausuradas por el director.

  • (1|a)
  • (1|b)
  • (2|a)
  • (2|b)
  • 1 valid answer

  • Question #4 - Gloss.?

    Juan muy despierto .

  • (1|a)
  • (1|b)
  • (2|a)
  • (2|b)
  • 2 valid answers. Can you find them all?

  • Question #5 - Gloss.?

    El coche no nuevo, pero nuevo, casi sin usar.

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  • (1|b)
  • (2|a)
  • (2|b)
  • 1 valid answer

  • Question #6 - Gloss.?

    El informe bien escrito; escrito por nuestra secretaria.

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  • (1|b)
  • (2|a)
  • (2|b)
  • 1 valid answer

  • Question #7 - Gloss.?

    Ayer Carlos triste aunque él siempre de carácter muy vivaz.

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  • (1|b)
  • (2|a)
  • (2|b)
  • 1 valid answer

  • Question #8 - Gloss.?

    La carta .

  • (1|a)
  • (1|b)
  • (2|a)
  • (2|b)
  • 2 valid answers. Can you find them all?

  • Question #9 - Gloss.?

    Pedro muy seguro .

  • (1|a)
  • (1|b)
  • (2|a)
  • (2|b)
  • 2 valid answers

  • Top

    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    

    Not a valid choice.


    Improper usage of verb with 'meaning changing' adjectives.


    Hints?

    Back to question 1

    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    

    Correct!


    Proper usage of verb with 'meaning changing' adjectives.


    In Spanish there is a class of adjectives that change their meaning depending on whether they are used with either ser or estar. They translate accordingly to different English adjectives. For example:

    'ser alto' translates to 'to be tall'; 'estar alto' translates to 'to be high'.

    Hints?

    Back to question 1

    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    

    Correct!


    Proper usage of verb with 'meaning changing' adjectives.


    In Spanish there is a class of adjectives that change their meaning depending on whether they are used with either ser or estar. They translate accordingly to different English adjectives. For example:

    'ser alto' translates to 'to be tall'; 'estar alto' translates to 'to be high'.

    Hints?

    Back to question 1

    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    

    Not a valid choice.


    Improper usage of verb with 'meaning changing' adjectives.


    Hints?

    Back to question 1

    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    

    Correct!


    Proper usage of verb in a 'normal essential attributes' vs. 'deviation from norm' situation.


    The choice between ser or estar depends on the meaning to be conveyed.

    Ser is to be used when the adjective is applied to an essential description of the subject.

    Estar is to be used when the adjective refers to a state of the subject. For example:

    'The snow is white' translates to 'La nieve es blanca' if referring to the nature of snow; to 'La nieve está blanca' if referring to its state of cleanliness.

    Hints?

    Back to question 2

    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    

    Not a valid choice.


    Improper usage of verb in a 'normal essential attributes' vs. 'deviation from norm' situation.


    Hints?

    Back to question 2

    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    

    Not a valid choice.


    Improper usage of verb in a 'normal essential attributes' vs. 'deviation from norm' situation.


    Hints?

    Back to question 2

    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    

    Correct!


    Proper usage of verb in a 'normal essential attributes' vs. 'deviation from norm' situation.


    The choice between ser or estar depends on the meaning to be conveyed.

    Ser is to be used when the adjective is applied to an essential description of the subject.

    Estar is to be used when the adjective refers to a state of the subject. For example:

    'The snow is white' translates to 'La nieve es blanca' if referring to the nature of snow; to 'La nieve está blanca' if referring to its state of cleanliness.

    Hints?

    Back to question 2

    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    

    Correct!


    Proper usage of verb in a 'true passive' vs. a 'resultant condition' situation.


    Ser and estar lead to different structures when combined with a 'past participle' (pp). Ser+pp gives us the true passive form; i.e. :

    '...son lavados por...' corresponds to '...are washed by...'

    On the other hand, estar+pp describes 'a resultant state from a previous action'; i.e. :

    'los platos están lavados y secos' corresponds to 'the dishes are washed and dry'.

    Hints?

    Back to question 3

    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    

    Not a valid choice.


    Improper usage of verb in a 'true passive' vs. a 'resultant condition' situation.


    Hints?

    Back to question 3

    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    

    Not a valid choice.


    Improper usage of verb in a 'true passive' vs. a 'resultant condition' situation.


    Hints?

    Back to question 3

    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    

    Not a valid choice.


    Improper usage of verb in a 'true passive' vs. a 'resultant condition' situation.


    Hints?

    Back to question 3

    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    

    Not a valid choice.


    Improper usage of verb with 'meaning changing' adjectives.


    Hints?

    Back to question 4

    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    

    Correct!


    Proper usage of verb with 'meaning changing' adjectives.


    In Spanish there is a class of adjectives that change their meaning depending on whether they are used with either ser or estar. They translate accordingly to different English adjectives. For example:

    'ser alto' translates to 'to be tall'; 'estar alto' translates to 'to be high'.

    Hints?

    Back to question 4

    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    

    Correct!


    Proper usage of verb with 'meaning changing' adjectives.


    In Spanish there is a class of adjectives that change their meaning depending on whether they are used with either ser or estar. They translate accordingly to different English adjectives. For example:

    'ser alto' translates to 'to be tall'; 'estar alto' translates to 'to be high'.

    Hints?

    Back to question 4

    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    

    Not a valid choice.


    Improper usage of verb with 'meaning changing' adjectives.


    Hints?

    Back to question 4

    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    

    Not a valid choice.


    Improper usage of verb in a 'normal essential attributes' vs. 'deviation from norm' situation.


    Hints?

    Back to question 5

    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    

    Correct!


    Proper usage of verb in a 'normal essential attributes' vs. 'deviation from norm' situation.


    The choice between ser or estar depends on the meaning to be conveyed.

    Ser is to be used when the adjective is applied to an essential description of the subject.

    Estar is to be used when the adjective refers to a state of the subject. For example:

    'The snow is white' translates to 'La nieve es blanca' if referring to the nature of snow; to 'La nieve está blanca' if referring to its state of cleanliness.

    Hints?

    Back to question 5

    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    

    Not a valid choice.


    Improper usage of verb in a 'normal essential attributes' vs. 'deviation from norm' situation.


    Hints?

    Back to question 5

    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    

    Not a valid choice.


    Improper usage of verb in a 'normal essential attributes' vs. 'deviation from norm' situation.


    Hints?

    Back to question 5

    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    

    Not a valid choice.


    Improper usage of verb in a 'true passive' vs. a 'resultant condition' situation.


    Hints?

    Back to question 6

    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    

    Not a valid choice.


    Improper usage of verb in a 'true passive' vs. a 'resultant condition' situation.


    Hints?

    Back to question 6

    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    

    Correct!


    Proper usage of verb in a 'true passive' vs. a 'resultant condition' situation.


    Ser and estar lead to different structures when combined with a 'past participle' (pp). Ser+pp gives us the true passive form; i.e. :

    '...son lavados por...' corresponds to '...are washed by...'

    On the other hand, estar+pp describes 'a resultant state from a previous action'; i.e. :

    'los platos están lavados y secos' corresponds to 'the dishes are washed and dry'.

    Hints?

    Back to question 6

    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    

    Not a valid choice.


    Improper usage of verb in a 'true passive' vs. a 'resultant condition' situation.


    Hints?

    Back to question 6

    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    

    Not a valid choice.


    Improper usage of verb in a 'normal essential attributes' vs. 'deviation from norm' situation.


    Hints?

    Back to question 7

    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    

    Not a valid choice.


    Improper usage of verb in a 'normal essential attributes' vs. 'deviation from norm' situation.


    Hints?

    Back to question 7

    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    

    Correct!


    Proper usage of verb in a 'normal essential attributes' vs. 'deviation from norm' situation.


    The choice between ser or estar depends on the meaning to be conveyed.

    Ser is to be used when the adjective is applied to an essential description of the subject.

    Estar is to be used when the adjective refers to a state of the subject. For example:

    'The snow is white' translates to 'La nieve es blanca' if referring to the nature of snow; to 'La nieve está blanca' if referring to its state of cleanliness.

    Hints?

    Back to question 7

    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    

    Not a valid choice.


    Improper usage of verb in a 'normal essential attributes' vs. 'deviation from norm' situation.


    Hints?

    Back to question 7

    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    

    Correct!


    Proper usage of verb in a 'true passive' vs. a 'resultant condition' situation.


    Ser and estar lead to different structures when combined with a 'past participle' (pp). Ser+pp gives us the true passive form; i.e. :

    '...son lavados por...' corresponds to '...are washed by...'

    On the other hand, estar+pp describes 'a resultant state from a previous action'; i.e. :

    'los platos están lavados y secos' corresponds to 'the dishes are washed and dry'.

    Hints?

    Back to question 8

    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    

    Not a valid choice.


    Improper usage of verb in a 'true passive' vs. a 'resultant condition' situation.


    Hints?

    Back to question 8

    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    

    Not a valid choice.


    Improper usage of verb in a 'true passive' vs. a 'resultant condition' situation.


    Hints?

    Back to question 8

    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    

    Correct!


    Proper usage of verb in a 'true passive' vs. a 'resultant condition' situation.


    Ser and estar lead to different structures when combined with a 'past participle' (pp). Ser+pp gives us the true passive form; i.e. :

    '...son lavados por...' corresponds to '...are washed by...'

    On the other hand, estar+pp describes 'a resultant state from a previous action'; i.e. :

    'los platos están lavados y secos' corresponds to 'the dishes are washed and dry'.

    Hints?

    Back to question 8

    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    

    Not a valid choice.


    Improper usage of verb with 'meaning changing' adjectives.


    Hints?

    Back to question 9

    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    

    Correct!


    Proper usage of verb with 'meaning changing' adjectives.


    In Spanish there is a class of adjectives that change their meaning depending on whether they are used with either ser or estar. They translate accordingly to different English adjectives. For example:

    'ser alto' translates to 'to be tall'; 'estar alto' translates to 'to be high'.

    Hints?

    Back to question 9

    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    

    Correct!


    Proper usage of verb with 'meaning changing' adjectives.


    In Spanish there is a class of adjectives that change their meaning depending on whether they are used with either ser or estar. They translate accordingly to different English adjectives. For example:

    'ser alto' translates to 'to be tall'; 'estar alto' translates to 'to be high'.

    Hints?

    Back to question 9

    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    

    Not a valid choice.


    Improper usage of verb with 'meaning changing' adjectives.


    Hints?

    Back to question 9

    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    

    Grammatical notes for the drills in this page.


    Spanish has no exact single equivalent of the English verb to be. For its wide range of meanings and uses Spanish employs the verbs ser and estar as well as several other verbs and special constructions. The ser / estar drills in this page deal with situations in which either one of these verbs can be used to form grammatically correct sentences. The choice depends on the meaning to be conveyed. For cases when only one of the verbs can be used to form grammatically correct sentences, see the page Either 'ser' or 'estar'

    The items covered are:


    1)- The usage of verb with 'meaning changing' adjectives.


    Quest. 1 Quest. 4 Quest. 9

    In Spanish there is a class of adjectives that change their meaning depending on whether they are used with either ser or estar. They translate accordingly to different English adjectives. For example:

    'ser alto' translates to 'to be tall'; 'estar alto' translates to 'to be high'.


    2)- The usage of verb in a 'normal essential attributes' vs. 'deviation from norm' situation.


    Quest. 2 Quest. 5 Quest. 7

    The choice between ser or estar depends on the meaning to be conveyed.

    Ser is to be used when the adjective is applied to an essential description of the subject.

    Estar is to be used when the adjective refers to a state of the subject. For example:

    'The snow is white' translates to 'La nieve es blanca' if referring to the nature of snow; to 'La nieve está blanca' if referring to its state of cleanliness.


    3)- The usage of verb in a 'true passive' vs. a 'resultant condition' situation.


    Quest. 3 Quest. 6 Quest. 8

    Ser and estar lead to different structures when combined with a 'past participle' (pp). Ser+pp gives us the true passive form; i.e. :

    '...son lavados por...' corresponds to '...are washed by...'

    On the other hand, estar+pp describes 'a resultant state from a previous action'; i.e. :

    'los platos están lavados y secos' corresponds to 'the dishes are washed and dry'.

    Back to question 1

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    Glossary for question #1 - Back to question?


    Glossary for question #2 - Back to question?


    Glossary for question #3 - Back to question?


    Glossary for question #4 - Back to question?


    Glossary for question #5 - Back to question?


    Glossary for question #6 - Back to question?


    Glossary for question #7 - Back to question?


    Glossary for question #8 - Back to question?


    Glossary for question #9 - Back to question?