ROSTER: Cheryl Crowley, Sun Woo Kahng, Andy Knapp, Suzanne O'Brien,
Miriam Wattles (NYU), Donna Welton (Princeton), Yasushi Zenno
I. MARCH 1: "MA" AND THEORIES OF SPACE IN JAPAN
READINGS:
Toshi Dezain Kenkyûtai, Nihon no toshi kûkan (Shôkokusha, 1968). NOTE: This book is a landmark in the postwar thinking about Japanese "space"; look through it to get an idea of how it is organized, and skim for the basic principles put forth. Nitschke in the following article drew heavily on this work in the form of the special issue of Kenchiku Bunka (December 1963) in which it first appeared.
Gunter Nitschke, "'MA': The Japanese Sense of 'Place'," AD, vol. 36 (March 1966), pp. 116-156.
Maki, Fumihiko, "The City and Inner Space," Japan Echo 6/1 (1979), pp. 91-103. [FOLDER]
Augustin Berque, "Some Traits of Japanese Fûdosei," Japan Foundation Newsletter, 14/5 (Feb. 1987), pp. 1-7. [FOLDER]
Arata Isozaki, "Katsura Villa: The Ambiguity of Its Space," in Katsura Villa--Space and Form (Rizzoli, 198?).
Richard Pilgrim, "Ma: A Cultural Paradigm," Chanoyu Quarterly, no. 46 (1986).
Thomas Kierstead, "Gardens and Estates: Medievality and Space," positions 1/2 (1993).
WRITTEN ASSIGNMENT:
I would like each of you to bring to class one page (single-spaced)
of your thoughts on the question: "What is the nature of 'Japanese architectural
(or urban) space,' and how do we historicize it for the Meiji period?"
II. FEB. 1: STANDARD HISTORIES OF MEIJI ARCHITECTURE
A. The major project for the week is read the Meiji chapters of of Fujimori Terunobu's new Nihon no kindai kenchiku (Iwanami shinsho, 1993), namely all 7 chapters of vol. 1, and the first chapter (Ch. 8) of vol. 2. Given the limited time and varying reading skills, it will not be possible for everyone to read all the material (about 300 pages), so we will divide up responsibilities for producing detailed notes on each of the eight chapters. A xerox copy of each chapter will be made for the person assigned, and at least two copies of the entire book (or at least vol. 1) will be placed on the reserve shelf. Everyone should first spend as much time as possible looking through the entire work, to get a sense of the general of the territory covered and of the context for the assigned chapter. You should produce two documents: a set of detailed notes on the contents of the entire chapter (these should be single-spaced and will be assembled later into a set and copied for everyone), and a one-page summary of the chapter together with any queries or critical observations. You should bring copies of the summary sheet to class for distribution and discussion.
Ch. 1 (28 pp) Cheryl
Ch. 2 (28 pp) Keith
Ch. 3 (30 pp) Andy
Ch. 4 (30 pp) Suzanne
Ch. 5 (42 pp) Sun Woo
Ch. 6 (48 pp) Donna
Ch. 7 (61 pp) Chris
Ch. 8 (51 pp) Miriam
B. In addition, you should read one of the following two summary histories by Muramatsu Teijirô, who was Fujimori's own teacher. It is preferable to read the Japanese version, but if time is limited, the English is ok.
Muramatsu, Teijirô, "Ventures into Western Architecture," in Chisaburoh Yamada, ed., Dialogue in Art--Japan and the West (Kodansha Intl, 1976), pp. 125-148.
Muramatsu, Teijirô, Nihon no kindai kenchiku, NHK daigaku kôza (1981), pp. 7-64.
C. Finally, read the preface and first two chapters (pp. 9-62) of David Stewart, The Making of Modern Japanese Architecture--1868 to the Present (Kodansha International, 1987), which will be xeroxed and placed on the shelf. This book is based largely on English-language sources, but it is all that is available in English, and it offers a variety of fresh insights if you can get past the style. Come prepared with some comments on what we can learn from Stewart.
D. FOR REFERENCE: We will place on the shelf the first four volumes
of Nihon no kenchiku: Meiji Taishô Shôwa (10 vols.,
Sanseidô, 1979-82) for possible reference. As the only multi-volume
history of modern Japanese architecture, this work is of special importance.
It is also a good place to find photographs and plans of buildings discussed
in Fujimori.
III. FEB. 8: THE SEARCH FOR A MODERN "JAPANESE" ARCHITECTURE
A) INTERPRETIVE ACCOUNTS
Fujioka Hiroyasu, "The Search for 'Japanese Architecture' in Modern Ages," The Japan Foundation Newsletter, XV/3 (Dec. 1987).
Yasushi Zenno, "The Virtue of Simplicity: Japan's Modernity and Architecture."
B) THE SEARCH FOR A DIET BUILDING
Hasegawa Takashi, "Gijidô e no keifu," in Nihon no kenchiku Meiji Taishô Shôwa, vol. 4 (Sanseidô, 1981), pp. 122-130, 176-179. NOTE: Please use the book itself, which is one of the four volumes from the set that have been placed on the shelf.
Omi Sakae, Kenchiku sekkei kyôgi--Konpetishon no keifu to tenbô (Kajima shuppankai, 1986), pp. 52-55.
NOTE: For each of the five primary sources below, one person has been designated special responsibility, and will be asked to provide in class some brief background on the author, and to give a short critical report of the main issues in the selected text.
C) PRIMARY SOURCES: JAPANESE VIEWS
Tatsuno Kingo, "Kenchiku shinpo no yurai," lecture given July 1890, in Toshi/Kenchiku, Nihon kindai shisô taikei 19 (Iwanami shoten, 1990), pp. 400-405. (COPY ATTACHED). Report by Chris.
Miyake Setsurei, Shinzenbi Nihonjin (first published 1891), section on "bi" (Beauty). (COPY ATTACHED). Report by Suzanne (focus on remarks about architecture).
Okakura Tenshin, "The Tearoom," from The Book of Tea (1906), pp. 53-73. Report by Donna.
C) PRIMARY SOURCES: AMERICAN VIEWS
Edward Sylvester Morse, Japanese Homes and Their Surroundings (1886, Dover reprint, 1961), Introduction and pp. 308-317. Report by Cheryl.
Ralph Adams Cram, Impressions of Japanese Architecture (First
published by Baker and Taylor, 1905; Tuttle reprint of 1930 edition), pp.
55-78, 121-146. 205-222. Also included in this reading will be a brief
description of Cram and his work from Jackson Lears, No Place of Grace--Antimodernism
and the Tranformation of American Culture, 1880-1920 (Pantheon, 1981),
pp. 203-205. Report by Miriam.
IV. FEB. 15: MEIJI TOKYO
COMMON READING:
Edward Seidensticker, Low City, High City. PAPERBACK EDITION AVAILABLE FOR PURCHASE AT UNIVERSITY BOOKSTORE.
Henry Smith, "Tokyo as an Idea: An Exploration of Japanese Urban Thought Until 1945" (1978) and "The Edo-Tokyo Transition: In Search of Common Ground" (1986). COPIES WILL BE ON THE SEMINAR SHELF.
Narita Ryûichi, "Teito Tôkyô," forthcoming in Iwanami kôza Nihon tsûshi. XEROX COPY WILL BE DISTRIBUTED TO ALL IN SEMINAR.
Responsibility for leading discussion of separate sections of the Narita paper:
"Shintai no junchi" (7-13) Suzanne
"Seishin no igata: (14-20) Andy
"Bunmei no shuto, shuto no ankoku" (20-28) Donna
"Kyôyûkai no sekai" (28-36) Miriam
SPECIAL REPORT (Yasushi)
Narita Ryûichi, "Kindai Nihon toshi shi kenkyû no sekando suteeji," Rekishi hyôron, no. 50 (Dec. 1991), 188-205.
WRITTEN ASSIGNMENT (Everyone)
Write a two-page (single-spaced) review of the Seidensticker book. Be
constructive: rather than bash Seidensticker, use the book as a way of
thinking about how the next history of Meiji Tokyo should be written.
V. FEB. 22: MAEDA AI, TOSHI KÛKAN NO NAKA NO BUNGAKU
REPORTS ON SEPARATE ESSAYS:
[NO REPORT: "Bokutô no kakureya" (Shunsui, Shunshoku umegoyomi,
1832-33)]
H.S.: "Kaika no panorama" (Hattori Bushô, Tôkyô
Shin-hanjôki, 1874-76)
YASUSHI: "Kûkan no tekusuto, tekusuto no kûkan."
CHERYL: "Haien no seirei" (Nagai Kafû, Kitsune, 1909)
[NO REPORT: "Tô no shisô" (Tôkai Sanshi, Kajin
no kigû, 1885-97)]
SUZANNE: "Gokusha no utôpia" (Matsubara Iwagorô, Saiankoku
no Tôkyô, 1893)
MIRIAM: "BERLIN 1888" (Mori Ogai, Maihime, 1890)
KEITH: "Nikai no geshuku" (Futabatei Shimei, Ukigumo, 1887-91)
SUN WOO: "Kodomo-tachi no jikan" (Higuchi Ichiyô, Takekurabe,
1895-96)
DONNA: "Kazô no machi" (Natsume Sôseki, Higan-sugi made,
1912)
ANDY: "Yamanote no oku" (Natsume Sôseki, Mon, 1910)
VI. MARCH 1: EXHIBITION AND COLLECTION
THIS WEEK: Wed., March 2, Brown Bag lunch series, East Asian Institute lounge, 12 noon: Prof. Charles Inoue, Tufts University: "Pictocentrism: Was William Blake Japanese?"
A copy of his manuscript, "Pictocentrism" (21 pp), will be placed on the shelf.
COMMON READINGS:
1. Yamaguchi, Masao, "The Poetics of Exhibition in Japanese Culture," in Ivan Karp and Steven D. Lavine, eds. Exhibiting Cultures: The Poetics and Politics of Museum Display. (Smithsonian Institution Press, 1991), pp. 57-67.
2. Paul Greenhalgh, Ephemeral Vistas: The Expositions Universelles, Great Exhibitions, and Worlds Fairs, 1851-1939 (Manchester University Press, 1988), Read Introduction and Chapters 1-2 (pp. 1-50), and skim through the rest of the book in accord with your interests. One copy of the book will be on the shelf.
3. Peter Kornicki, "Public Display and Changing Values in Nineteenth-Century Japan: Provincial Exhibitions in the Early Meiji Period," forthcoming in Monumenta Nipponica.
4. Yoshimi Shun'ya, "Industrial Expositions in Modern Japan: A Gauge of the Changing City," paper presented at AAS, Los Angeles, Narch 1993. NOTE: I am still trying to get a copy of the final version of this paper, so it may not be on the shelf until later in the week.
5. Neil Harris, "All the World a Melting Pot? Japan at American Fairs, 1876-1904." In Akira Iriye, ed., Mutual Images--Essays in American-Japanese Relations (Harvard University Press, 1975), pp. 24-54 plus endnotes.
6. Christine Guth, "Masuda Don'o: Tea and Art Collecting in the Meiji Era," Chanoyu Quarterly, no. 53 (1988), pp. 7-34.
FOR REFERENCE:
Yoshimi Shun'ya, Hakurankai no seijigaku--Manazashi no kindai (Chûkô shinsho, 1992), ch. 3: "Bunmei kaika to hakurankai" (pp. 107-144). This offers a much fuller version of Yoshimi's AAS paper above, and a useful summary account of the history of exhibitions in Meiji Japan.
Reading notes (10 pp) by Henry Smith on portions of Kitazawa Noriaki, Me no shinden--'Bijutsu' juyûshi nooto (Bijutsu shuppansha, 1989).
SPECIAL REPORT:
ANDY: Prepare a detailed summary and review for distribution in class
(8 copies) of Christine Guth, Art, Tea, and Industry--Masuda Takashi
and the Mitsui Circle (Princeton, 1993).
VII. MARCH 8: NIHONGA/YÔGA
COMMON READINGS:
Michael Baxandall, Patterns of Intention--On the Historical Explanation of Pictures (Yale UP, 1985), pp. 1-73.
John M. Rosenfield, "Western-Style Painting in the Early Meiji Period and Its Critics," in Donald Shively, ed., Tradition and Modernization in Japanese Culture (Princeton UP, 19 ), pp. 181-219.
Nakamura Giichi, "Nihon bijutsu no Seiyô no Nihon--'Sho wa bijutsu narazu' ronsô," in Nihon kindai bijutsu ronsô shi (Kyûryûdô, 1981), pp. 5-27.
Tanio Nakamura, "An Introduction to Modern Japanese-Style Painting," Contemporary Japanese-Style Painting, pp. 11-26. Also look at brief biographies and paintings of major Meiji Nihonga painters.
J. Thomas Rimer, "Tokyo in Paris / Paris in Tokyo," in Paris in Japan, pp. 33-79.
Kojima Kaoru, "Introduction" (in Japanese and English), from Masterpieces from the Bunten Exhibition (1907-1918), pp. 11-15.
SPECIAL REPORTS:
Yasushi: Kitazawa Noriaki, Me no shinden--'Bijutsu' juyôshi
nooto.
Donna: "Sho wa bijutsu narazu" ronsô.
VIII. MARCH 22: NEW PERSPECTIVES ON OKAKURA TENSHIN AND ERNEST FENOLLOSA
PRESENTATIONS:
NOTE: I am trying to obtain copies of both of the following papers, so that we can read them in advance, and devote more time to discussion. If and when they become available, multiple copies will be placed on the reserve shelf.
1) Prof. Karatani Kôjin, Hosei University, "Japan as Museum: Okakura Tenshin and Ernest Fenollosa," essay being prepared for the catalog of an exhibition "Japanese Art After 1945: Scream Against the Sky," to appear this coming fall at the Guggenheim Museum in New York.
2) Ms. Ellen Conant, independent art historian, paper on Ernest Fenollosa and his impact on Meiji art. Hopefully she will also be able to show us slides of some of the works that will be shown at an exhibition of modern Nihonga to be held at the St. Louis Museum of Art this coming fall, organized by herself and Thomas Rimer.
READINGS:
Karatani Kôjin, Origins of Modern Japanese Literature (Duke University Press, 1993). Available at University Bookstore.
Kakuzo Okakura, The Ideals of the East--with Special Reference to the Art of Japan. Originally published in 1904 by E. P. Dutton & Co., New York.
F. G. Notehelfer, "On Idealism and Realism in the Thought of Okakura Tenshin," Journal of Japanese Studies, 16/2 (Summer 1990), pp. 309-339.
Stefan Tanaka, "Imaging History: Inscribing Belief in the Nation," forthcoming in Journal of Asian Studies.
OPTIONAL READING:
Warren I. Cohen, East Asian Art and American Culture (Columbia UP, 1992), chs. 1-2 (pp. 1-73).
WRITTEN ASSIGNMENT:
Write a review (1-2 pp, single-spaced) of the article by Stefan Tanaka.
(There's no need to make multiple copies; I plan to send copies of these
reviews to the author, unless you ask me not to.)
IX. MARCH 29. MEIJI HISTORY PAINTING
COMMON READING:
Yamanashi Toshio, "'Egakareta rekishi'--Meiji no naka no 'rekishiga' no ichi," introduction to catalog of exhibition Egakareta rekishi (Hyôgo kenritsu kindai bijutsukan and Kanagawa kenritsu kindai bijutsukan, 1993), pp. 11-23.
Pierre Bourdieu, The Field of Cultural Production, pp. 1-25 (Randal Johnson, "Pierre Bourdieu on Art, Literature, and Culture"), and pp. 238-253 ("Manet and the Institutionalization of Anomie").
Nakamura Giichi, "Meiji kaiga wa nani o kaku beki ka--'Nihon kaiga no mirai' ronsô," in Nihon kindai bijutsu ronsô shi, pp.
VISUAL ASSIGNMENT:
Look through the Egakareta rekishi catalog and think about the representation of history in the following images: I: 3, 10, 12; II: 8, 9, 14, 21, 24; III-3, 29.
In addition, in Nihon no kindai bijutsu, vol. II, look at Yokoyama Taikan's "Kutsugen" (pp. 80-81) and Shimomura Kanzan's "Jai" (pp. 112-3).
INDIVIDUAL REPORTS:
On the original sources for the 1890 "Nihon kaiga no mirai" debate, to be found in Bijutsu, Nihon kindai shisô taikei (Iwanami shoten), pp. 122-164.
On Mori Ôgai's involvement in the debate: Sadoya Shigenobu, "Harutoman-teki bijutsu hihyô," in Ôgai to seiyô bijutsu, pp. 107-148: DONNA and MIRIAM.
On individual paintings in Nihon no kindai bijutsu, I-II:
Harada Naojirô's "Kiryû Kannon," by Tan'o Yasunori, I:81-96:
CHERYL
Yamamoto Hôsui's "Urashima zu," by Furukawa Hideaki, I:113-128:
SUN WOO
Yokoyama Taikan's "Kutsugen," by Amano Kazuo, II:81-96: SUZANNE
Shimomura Kanzan, "Jai," by Kamanaka Shinji, II:113-128: ANDY
X. APRIL 4. MEIJI BUDDHISM
READING:
James Ketelaar, Of Heretics and Martyrs in Meiji Japan: Buddhism and Its Persecution (Princeton UP , 1990). PAPERBACK EDITION AVAILABLE FOR PURCHASE AT UNIVERSITY BOOKSTORE.
Helen Hardacre, "Creating State Shinto: The Great Promulgation Campaign and the New Religions," Journal of Japanese Studies, 12:1 (Winter 1986), pp. 29-64.
Martin Collcutt, "Buddhism: The Threat of Eradication," in Jansen and
Rozman, Japan in Transition, pp. 143-167.
XI. APRIL 11. YANAGITA KUNIO
J. Victor Koschmann, Oiwa Keibô, and Yamashita Shinji, eds., International Perspectives on Yanagita Kunio and Japanese Folklore Studies (Cornell Univ. East Asia Papers, 1985). AVAILABLE FOR PURCHASE AT UNIVERSITY BOOKSTORE. Andy to lead discussion.
Minoru KAWADA, The Origin of Ethnography in Japan: Yanagita Kunio and His Times (Kegan Paul Intl., 1993). ONE COPY IS ON STARR RESERVE. Donna to lead discussion.
Yanagita Kunio, Meiji Taishô shi, Sesô-hen, selections: beginning of chs. 1-3, ch. 15. Reports on separate chapters:
Ch. 1: "Me ni eizuru sesô." Miriam
Ch. 2: "Tabemono no kojin jiyû." Cheryl
Ch. 3: "Ie to sumigokochi." Yasushi
Ch. 4: "Fûkô suii." Suzanne
Ch. 8: "Ren'ai gijutsu no shôchô." Henry
XII. APRIL 18. THE CONCEPT OF "FÛZOKU" IN MEIJI JAPAN
[See separate xerox sheet]
XIII. APRIL 25. "ASIA" IN MEIJI CULTURE
[See separate xerox sheet]