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'Ser' or 'estar' according to context.


Spanish has no exact single equivalent of the English verb to be. For its wide range of meanings and uses Spanish employs the verbs ser and estar as well as several other verbs and special constructions. The ser / estar drills in this page deal with situations in which either one of these verbs can be used to form correct sentences acceptable in the proper context. The choice depends on the meaning to be conveyed. For idiomatic situations, where only one of the verbs can be used to form correct sentences, see the page Either 'ser' or 'estar'

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Grammatical Notes


Question #1 -

Nosotros felices .

    somos
    somos
    estamos
    estamos
    por el resultado del examen
    desde que nos casamos
    por el resultado del examen
    desde que nos casamos

2 valid answers. Can you find them all?


Question #2 -

La leche .

    es
    es
    está
    está
    buena para la salud
    hoy buena y fresca
    buena para la salud
    hoy buena y fresca

2 valid answers. Can you find them all?


Question #3 -

Todos las aulas clausuradas y a obscuras; clausuradas por el director.

    estaban
    estaban
    fueron
    fueron
    fueron
    estuvieron
    fueron
    estuvieron

1 valid answer


Question #4 -

Juan muy despierto .

    es
    es
    está
    está
    por el café que se tomó
    y sagaz
    por el café que se tomó
    y sagaz

2 valid answers. Can you find them all?


Question #5 -

El coche no nuevo, pero nuevo, casi sin usar.

    es
    es
    está
    está
    es
    está
    es
    está

1 valid answer


Question #6 -

El informe bien escrito; escrito por nuestra secretaria.

    es
    es
    está
    está
    fue
    estuvo
    fue
    estuvo

1 valid answer


Question #7 -

Ayer Carlos triste aunque él siempre de carácter muy vivaz.

    era
    era
    estaba
    estaba
    ha sido
    ha estado
    ha sido
    ha estado

1 valid answer


Question #8 -

La carta .

    fue
    fue
    estaba
    estaba
    escrita por Marta
    ya escrita y terminada
    escrita por Marta
    ya escrita y terminada

2 valid answers. Can you find them all?


Question #9 -

Pedro muy seguro .

    es
    es
    está
    está
    de lo que dice
    como conductor
    de lo que dice
    como conductor

2 valid answers. Can you find them all?


Question #10 -

  • 0 valid answers
  • llohay/archive nfs bg,xattr,dev=458002d 1073649555 ellohay:/archive1 /hmt/elloha


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    Not a valid choice.


    Improper usage of verb with 'meaning changing' adjectives.

    Try to . . .
    See whether the context refers to a normal situation or a temporary state of affairs.

    Hints?

    Back to question 1

    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    

    Not a valid choice.


    Improper usage of verb with 'meaning changing' adjectives.

    Try to . . .
    See whether the context refers to a normal situation or a temporary state of affairs.

    Hints?

    Back to question 1

    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    

    Correct!


    Proper usage of verb with 'meaning changing' adjectives.

    In Spanish there is a class of adjectives that change their meaning depending on whether they are used with either ser or estar; therefore, they translate to different English adjectives. The meaning that goes with ser usually refers to a permanent situation, the one that goes with estar referring to a transitory state of affairs.

    Hints?

    Back to question 1

    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    

    Correct!


    Proper usage of verb with 'meaning changing' adjectives.

    In Spanish there is a class of adjectives that change their meaning depending on whether they are used with either ser or estar; therefore, they translate to different English adjectives. The meaning that goes with ser usually refers to a permanent situation, the one that goes with estar referring to a transitory state of affairs.

    Hints?

    Back to question 1

    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    

    Not a valid choice.


    Improper usage of verb with 'meaning changing' adjectives.

    Try to . . .
    See whether the context refers to a normal situation or a temporary state of affairs.

    Hints?

    Back to question 1

    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    

    Correct!


    Proper usage of verb in a 'normal essential attributes situation' vs. a 'deviation from norm situation'.

    The choice between ser or estar depends on the meaning to be conveyed:

    Ser is to be used when the adjective refers to an essential property of the subject.
    Estar is to be used when the adjective refers to a state of the subject.

    Hints?

    Back to question 2

    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    

    Not a valid choice.


    Improper usage of verb in a 'normal essential attributes situation' vs. a 'deviation from norm situation'.

    Try to . . .
    See whether the adjective denotes a transitory state or an essential property.

    Hints?

    Back to question 2

    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    

    Not a valid choice.


    Improper usage of verb in a 'normal essential attributes situation' vs. a 'deviation from norm situation'.

    Try to . . .
    See whether the adjective denotes a transitory state or an essential property.

    Hints?

    Back to question 2

    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    

    Correct!


    Proper usage of verb in a 'normal essential attributes situation' vs. a 'deviation from norm situation'.

    The choice between ser or estar depends on the meaning to be conveyed:

    Ser is to be used when the adjective refers to an essential property of the subject.
    Estar is to be used when the adjective refers to a state of the subject.

    Hints?

    Back to question 2

    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    

    Correct!


    Proper usage of verb in a 'true passive situation' vs. a 'resultant condition situation'.

    Ser and estar lead to different structures when combined with a 'past participle' (pp). Ser+pp gives us the true passive form; i.e. :
    '...son lavados por...' corresponds to '...are washed by...'

    On the other hand, estar+pp describes 'a resultant state from a previous action'; i.e. :
    'los platos están lavados y secos' corresponds to 'the dishes are washed and dry'.

    Hints?

    Back to question 3

    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    

    Not a valid choice.


    Improper usage of verb in a 'true passive situation' vs. a 'resultant condition situation'.

    Try to . . .
    See if you are dealing with 'past participles', and then distinguish whether they convey results from previous actions.

    Hints?

    Back to question 3

    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    

    Not a valid choice.


    Improper usage of verb in a 'true passive situation' vs. a 'resultant condition situation'.

    Try to . . .
    See if you are dealing with 'past participles', and then distinguish whether they convey results from previous actions.

    Hints?

    Back to question 3

    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    

    Not a valid choice.


    Improper usage of verb in a 'true passive situation' vs. a 'resultant condition situation'.

    Try to . . .
    See if you are dealing with 'past participles', and then distinguish whether they convey results from previous actions.

    Hints?

    Back to question 3

    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    

    Not a valid choice.


    Improper usage of verb with 'meaning changing' adjectives.

    Try to . . .
    See whether the context refers to a normal situation or a temporary state of affairs.

    Hints?

    Back to question 4

    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    

    Correct!


    Proper usage of verb with 'meaning changing' adjectives.

    In Spanish there is a class of adjectives that change their meaning depending on whether they are used with either ser or estar; therefore, they translate to different English adjectives. The meaning that goes with ser usually refers to a permanent situation, the one that goes with estar referring to a transitory state of affairs.

    Hints?

    Back to question 4

    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    

    Correct!


    Proper usage of verb with 'meaning changing' adjectives.

    In Spanish there is a class of adjectives that change their meaning depending on whether they are used with either ser or estar; therefore, they translate to different English adjectives. The meaning that goes with ser usually refers to a permanent situation, the one that goes with estar referring to a transitory state of affairs.

    Hints?

    Back to question 4

    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    

    Not a valid choice.


    Improper usage of verb with 'meaning changing' adjectives.

    Try to . . .
    See whether the context refers to a normal situation or a temporary state of affairs.

    Hints?

    Back to question 4

    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    

    Not a valid choice.


    Improper usage of verb in a 'normal essential attributes situation' vs. a 'deviation from norm situation'.

    Try to . . .
    See whether the adjective denotes a transitory state or an essential property.

    Hints?

    Back to question 5

    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    

    Correct!


    Proper usage of verb in a 'normal essential attributes situation' vs. a 'deviation from norm situation'.

    The choice between ser or estar depends on the meaning to be conveyed:

    Ser is to be used when the adjective refers to an essential property of the subject.
    Estar is to be used when the adjective refers to a state of the subject.

    Hints?

    Back to question 5

    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    

    Not a valid choice.


    Improper usage of verb in a 'normal essential attributes situation' vs. a 'deviation from norm situation'.

    Try to . . .
    See whether the adjective denotes a transitory state or an essential property.

    Hints?

    Back to question 5

    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    

    Not a valid choice.


    Improper usage of verb in a 'normal essential attributes situation' vs. a 'deviation from norm situation'.

    Try to . . .
    See whether the adjective denotes a transitory state or an essential property.

    Hints?

    Back to question 5

    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    

    Not a valid choice.


    Improper usage of verb in a 'true passive situation' vs. a 'resultant condition situation'.

    Try to . . .
    See if you are dealing with 'past participles', and then distinguish whether they convey results from previous actions.

    Hints?

    Back to question 6

    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    

    Not a valid choice.


    Improper usage of verb in a 'true passive situation' vs. a 'resultant condition situation'.

    Try to . . .
    See if you are dealing with 'past participles', and then distinguish whether they convey results from previous actions.

    Hints?

    Back to question 6

    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    

    Correct!


    Proper usage of verb in a 'true passive situation' vs. a 'resultant condition situation'.

    Ser and estar lead to different structures when combined with a 'past participle' (pp). Ser+pp gives us the true passive form; i.e. :
    '...son lavados por...' corresponds to '...are washed by...'

    On the other hand, estar+pp describes 'a resultant state from a previous action'; i.e. :
    'los platos están lavados y secos' corresponds to 'the dishes are washed and dry'.

    Hints?

    Back to question 6

    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    

    Not a valid choice.


    Improper usage of verb in a 'true passive situation' vs. a 'resultant condition situation'.

    Try to . . .
    See if you are dealing with 'past participles', and then distinguish whether they convey results from previous actions.

    Hints?

    Back to question 6

    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    

    Not a valid choice.


    Improper usage of verb in a 'normal essential attributes situation' vs. a 'deviation from norm situation'.

    Try to . . .
    See whether the adjective denotes a transitory state or an essential property.

    Hints?

    Back to question 7

    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    

    Not a valid choice.


    Improper usage of verb in a 'normal essential attributes situation' vs. a 'deviation from norm situation'.

    Try to . . .
    See whether the adjective denotes a transitory state or an essential property.

    Hints?

    Back to question 7

    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    

    Correct!


    Proper usage of verb in a 'normal essential attributes situation' vs. a 'deviation from norm situation'.

    The choice between ser or estar depends on the meaning to be conveyed:

    Ser is to be used when the adjective refers to an essential property of the subject.
    Estar is to be used when the adjective refers to a state of the subject.

    Hints?

    Back to question 7

    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    

    Not a valid choice.


    Improper usage of verb in a 'normal essential attributes situation' vs. a 'deviation from norm situation'.

    Try to . . .
    See whether the adjective denotes a transitory state or an essential property.

    Hints?

    Back to question 7

    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    

    Correct!


    Proper usage of verb in a 'true passive situation' vs. a 'resultant condition situation'.

    Ser and estar lead to different structures when combined with a 'past participle' (pp). Ser+pp gives us the true passive form; i.e. :
    '...son lavados por...' corresponds to '...are washed by...'

    On the other hand, estar+pp describes 'a resultant state from a previous action'; i.e. :
    'los platos están lavados y secos' corresponds to 'the dishes are washed and dry'.

    Hints?

    Back to question 8

    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    

    Not a valid choice.


    Improper usage of verb in a 'true passive situation' vs. a 'resultant condition situation'.

    Try to . . .
    See if you are dealing with 'past participles', and then distinguish whether they convey results from previous actions.

    Hints?

    Back to question 8

    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    

    Not a valid choice.


    Improper usage of verb in a 'true passive situation' vs. a 'resultant condition situation'.

    Try to . . .
    See if you are dealing with 'past participles', and then distinguish whether they convey results from previous actions.

    Hints?

    Back to question 8

    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    

    Correct!


    Proper usage of verb in a 'true passive situation' vs. a 'resultant condition situation'.

    Ser and estar lead to different structures when combined with a 'past participle' (pp). Ser+pp gives us the true passive form; i.e. :
    '...son lavados por...' corresponds to '...are washed by...'

    On the other hand, estar+pp describes 'a resultant state from a previous action'; i.e. :
    'los platos están lavados y secos' corresponds to 'the dishes are washed and dry'.

    Hints?

    Back to question 8

    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    

    Not a valid choice.


    Improper usage of verb with 'meaning changing' adjectives.

    Try to . . .
    See whether the context refers to a normal situation or a temporary state of affairs.

    Hints?

    Back to question 9

    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    

    Correct!


    Proper usage of verb with 'meaning changing' adjectives.

    In Spanish there is a class of adjectives that change their meaning depending on whether they are used with either ser or estar; therefore, they translate to different English adjectives. The meaning that goes with ser usually refers to a permanent situation, the one that goes with estar referring to a transitory state of affairs.

    Hints?

    Back to question 9

    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    

    Correct!


    Proper usage of verb with 'meaning changing' adjectives.

    In Spanish there is a class of adjectives that change their meaning depending on whether they are used with either ser or estar; therefore, they translate to different English adjectives. The meaning that goes with ser usually refers to a permanent situation, the one that goes with estar referring to a transitory state of affairs.

    Hints?

    Back to question 9

    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    

    Not a valid choice.


    Improper usage of verb with 'meaning changing' adjectives.

    Try to . . .
    See whether the context refers to a normal situation or a temporary state of affairs.

    Hints?

    Back to question 9

    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    

    Grammatical notes for the drills in this page.


    Spanish has no exact single equivalent of the English verb to be. For its wide range of meanings and uses Spanish employs the verbs ser and estar as well as several other verbs and special constructions. The ser / estar drills in this page deal with situations in which either one of these verbs can be used to form correct sentences acceptable in the proper context. The choice depends on the meaning to be conveyed. For idiomatic situations, where only one of the verbs can be used to form correct sentences, see the page Either 'ser' or 'estar'

    The items covered are:


    1) The usage of verb in a 'normal essential attributes situation' vs. a 'deviation from norm situation'.

    The choice between ser or estar depends on the meaning to be conveyed:

    Ser is to be used when the adjective refers to an essential property of the subject.
    Estar is to be used when the adjective refers to a state of the subject.

    For example:
    'The snow is white' translates to 'La nieve es blanca' if referring to the nature of snow; to 'La nieve está blanca' if referring to its state of cleanliness.

    Remember to . . .
    See whether the adjective denotes a transitory state or an essential property.

    Examples: Quest. 2 Quest. 5 Quest. 7


    2) The usage of verb with 'meaning changing' adjectives.

    In Spanish there is a class of adjectives that change their meaning depending on whether they are used with either ser or estar; therefore, they translate to different English adjectives. The meaning that goes with ser usually refers to a permanent situation, the one that goes with estar referring to a transitory state of affairs.

    For example:
    'ser alto' translates to 'to be tall'; 'estar alto' translates to 'to be high'.

    Remember to . . .
    See whether the context refers to a normal situation or a temporary state of affairs.

    Examples: Quest. 1 Quest. 4 Quest. 9


    3) The usage of verb in a 'true passive situation' vs. a 'resultant condition situation'.

    Ser and estar lead to different structures when combined with a 'past participle' (pp). Ser+pp gives us the true passive form; i.e. :
    '...son lavados por...' corresponds to '...are washed by...'

    On the other hand, estar+pp describes 'a resultant state from a previous action'; i.e. :
    'los platos están lavados y secos' corresponds to 'the dishes are washed and dry'.

    Remember to . . .
    See if you are dealing with 'past participles', and then distinguish whether they convey results from previous actions.

    Examples: Quest. 3 Quest. 6 Quest. 8

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    Copyright 1996 Samuel Schiminovich.

    The text and the HTML formatting of these drills is covered by this copyright. One copy of this drill can be downloaded and/or printed for personal use. Unauthorized commercial use of these drills is forbidden, as well as reloading on servers or republishing under unauthorized URL addresses.


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