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@article{bates:74,
	Author = {Robert H. Bates},
	Date-Added = {2014-09-08 11:47:43 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2014-09-08 11:48:38 +0000},
	Journal = {Comparative Political Studies},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {457--484},
	Title = {Ethnic Competition and Modernization in Contemporary Africa},
	Url = {http://cps.sagepub.com/content/6/4/457.full.pdf+html},
	Volume = {6},
	Year = {1974}}

@article{inglehart1988renaissance,
	Author = {Inglehart, Ronald},
	Date-Modified = {2014-09-08 11:53:36 +0000},
	Journal = {American Political Science Review},
	Number = {04},
	Pages = {1203--1230},
	Publisher = {Cambridge Univ Press},
	Title = {The renaissance of political culture},
	Url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1961756},
	Volume = {82},
	Year = {1988},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1961756}}

@article{kydd2002sabotaging,
	Author = {Kydd, Andrew and Walter, Barbara F},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Number = {02},
	Pages = {263--296},
	Publisher = {Cambridge Univ Press},
	Title = {Sabotaging the peace: The politics of extremist violence},
	Url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/002081802320005487},
	Volume = {56},
	Year = {2002},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/002081802320005487}}

@book{horowitz2001deadly,
	Author = {Horowitz, Donald L},
	Date-Modified = {2014-09-08 12:06:04 +0000},
	Publisher = {Univ of California Press},
	Title = {The Deadly Ethnic Riot},
	Year = {2001}}

@article{frye1997politics,
	Author = {Frye, Timothy},
	Journal = {Comparative Political Studies},
	Number = {5},
	Pages = {523--552},
	Publisher = {Sage Publications},
	Title = {A Politics of Institutional Choice Post-Communist Presidencies},
	Url = {http://cps.sagepub.com/content/30/5/523.short},
	Volume = {30},
	Year = {1997},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://cps.sagepub.com/content/30/5/523.short}}

@article{haggard2012inequality,
	Author = {Haggard, Stephan and Kaufman, Robert R},
	Journal = {American Political Science Review},
	Number = {03},
	Pages = {495--516},
	Publisher = {Cambridge Univ Press},
	Title = {Inequality and regime change: Democratic transitions and the stability of democratic rule},
	Url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0003055412000287},
	Volume = {106},
	Year = {2012},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0003055412000287}}

@article{moe1990political,
	Author = {Moe, Terry M},
	Journal = {Journal of Law, Economics, \& Organization},
	Pages = {213--253},
	Publisher = {JSTOR},
	Title = {Political institutions: The neglected side of the story},
	Url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/764990},
	Year = {1990},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/764990}}

@article{huber2004bureaucratic,
	Author = {Huber, John D and McCarty, Nolan},
	Journal = {American Political Science Review},
	Number = {03},
	Pages = {481--494},
	Publisher = {Cambridge Univ Press},
	Title = {Bureaucratic capacity, delegation, and political reform},
	Url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0003055404001297},
	Volume = {98},
	Year = {2004},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0003055404001297}}

@article{jackman1996renaissance,
	Author = {Jackman, Robert W and Miller, Ross A},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Pages = {632--659},
	Publisher = {JSTOR},
	Title = {A renaissance of political culture?},
	Url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/2111787},
	Year = {1996},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/2111787}}

@article{od,
	Date-Added = {2014-09-07 21:37:14 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2014-09-07 21:37:24 +0000}}

@article{calvo:09,
	Author = {Calvo,Ernesto},
	Date-Added = {2014-09-07 21:34:32 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2014-09-07 21:34:38 +0000},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0043887109000100},
	Issn = {1086-3338},
	Issue = {02},
	Journal = {World Politics},
	Month = {4},
	Numpages = {42},
	Pages = {254--295},
	Title = {The Competitive Road to Proportional Representation},
	Url = {http://journals.cambridge.org/article_S0043887109000100},
	Volume = {61},
	Year = {2009},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://journals.cambridge.org/article_S0043887109000100},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0043887109000100}}

@article{boix:99,
	Author = {Boix, Carles},
	Date-Added = {2014-09-07 21:30:03 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2014-09-07 21:30:56 +0000},
	Journal = {The American Political Science Review},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {609--624},
	Title = {Setting the Rules of the Game: The Choice of Electoral Systems in Advanced Democracies},
	Url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/2585577},
	Volume = {93},
	Year = {1999},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/2585577}}

@book{migdal:88,
	Author = {Migdal, J.S.},
	Date-Added = {2014-09-07 21:20:31 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2014-09-07 21:20:38 +0000},
	Isbn = {9780691010731},
	Lccn = {lc88017614},
	Publisher = {Princeton University Press},
	Series = {Princeton paperbacks},
	Title = {Strong Societies and Weak States: State-society Relations and State Capabilities in the Third World},
	Url = {http://books.google.com/books?id=lbEM3qyWIqgC},
	Year = {1988},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://books.google.com/books?id=lbEM3qyWIqgC}}

@book{frye:10,
	Author = {Timothy Frye},
	Date-Added = {2014-09-07 20:16:51 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2014-09-07 20:17:30 +0000},
	Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	Title = {Building States and Markets After Communism: The Perils of Polarized Democracy},
	Year = {2010}}

@book{murillo:09,
	Author = {Victoria Murillo},
	Date-Added = {2014-09-07 20:15:05 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2014-09-07 20:16:13 +0000},
	Publisher = {{Cambridge University Press}},
	Title = {Political Competition, Partisanship and Policy Making in Latin American Public Utilities},
	Year = {2009}}

@book{alesina:97,
	Author = {Alesina, Alberto and Roubini, N. and Cohen, G. D.},
	Date-Added = {2014-09-07 20:12:33 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2014-09-07 20:13:27 +0000},
	Publisher = {MIT Press},
	Title = {Political Cycles and the Macroeconomy},
	Year = {1997}}

@article{trejo:09,
	Author = {Trejo, Guillermo},
	Date-Added = {2014-09-07 20:11:21 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2014-09-07 20:11:34 +0000},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0003055409990025},
	Issn = {1537-5943},
	Issue = {03},
	Journal = {American Political Science Review},
	Month = {8},
	Numpages = {20},
	Pages = {323--342},
	Title = {Religious Competition and Ethnic Mobilization in Latin America: Why the Catholic Church Promotes Indigenous Movements in Mexico},
	Url = {http://journals.cambridge.org/article_S0003055409990025},
	Volume = {103},
	Year = {2009},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://journals.cambridge.org/article_S0003055409990025},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0003055409990025}}

@book{putnam:94,
	Author = {Putnam, R.D. and Leonardi, R. and Nanetti, R.Y.},
	Date-Added = {2014-09-07 20:09:04 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2014-09-07 20:09:20 +0000},
	Isbn = {9781400820740},
	Publisher = {Princeton University Press},
	Series = {Princeton paperbacks},
	Title = {Making Democracy Work: Civic Traditions in Modern Italy},
	Url = {http://books.google.com/books?id=gKZP8\_Tp27UC},
	Year = {1994},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://books.google.com/books?id=gKZP8%5C_Tp27UC}}

@book{olson:65,
	Author = {Olson, Mancur},
	Date-Added = {2014-09-07 20:07:50 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2014-09-07 20:19:06 +0000},
	Isbn = {9780674041660},
	Publisher = {Harvard University Press},
	Series = {Harvard Economic Studies},
	Title = {The logic of collective action: public goods and the theory of groups},
	Url = {http://books.google.com/books?id=jv8wTarzmsQC},
	Year = {1965},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://books.google.com/books?id=jv8wTarzmsQC}}

@book{dahl:73,
	Author = {Dahl, R.A.},
	Date-Added = {2014-09-07 20:06:33 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2014-09-07 20:06:41 +0000},
	Isbn = {9780300153576},
	Publisher = {Yale University Press},
	Title = {Polyarchy: Participation and Opposition},
	Url = {http://books.google.com/books?id=JcKz2249PQcC},
	Year = {1973},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://books.google.com/books?id=JcKz2249PQcC}}

@article{aldrich:93,
	Author = {John H. Aldrich},
	Date-Added = {2014-09-07 20:04:38 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2014-09-07 20:05:45 +0000},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {246--278},
	Title = {Rational Choice and Turnout},
	Url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/2111531},
	Volume = {37},
	Year = {1993},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/2111531}}

@article{huber:12,
	Author = {Huber, John D.},
	Date-Added = {2014-09-07 20:00:54 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2014-09-07 20:01:03 +0000},
	Doi = {10.1111/j.1540-5907.2012.00601.x},
	Issn = {1540-5907},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {986--1001},
	Publisher = {Blackwell Publishing Inc},
	Title = {Measuring Ethnic Voting: Do Proportional Electoral Laws Politicize Ethnicity?},
	Url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2012.00601.x},
	Volume = {56},
	Year = {2012},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2012.00601.x}}

@article{iversen:01,
	Author = {Torben Iversen and Soskice, David},
	Date-Added = {2014-09-07 19:58:26 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2014-09-07 19:59:31 +0000},
	Journal = {American Political Science Review},
	Number = {4},
	Title = {An Asset Theory of Social Policy Preferences},
	Url = {http://www.people.fas.harvard.edu/~iversen/PDFfiles/SocialPreferences.pdf},
	Volume = {95},
	Year = {2001},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.people.fas.harvard.edu/~iversen/PDFfiles/SocialPreferences.pdf}}

@book{stokes:13,
	Author = {Susan C. Stokes and Thad Dunning and Marcelo Nazareno and Valeria Brusco},
	Date-Added = {2014-09-07 19:55:57 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2014-09-07 19:56:55 +0000},
	Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	Title = {Brokers, Voters, and Clientelism: The Puzzle of Distributive Politics},
	Year = {2013}}

@article{lake:01,
	Author = {David Lake and Matthew Baum},
	Date-Added = {2014-09-07 19:53:32 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2014-09-07 19:54:39 +0000},
	Journal = {Comparative Political Studies},
	Pages = {587-621},
	Title = {The Invisible Hand of Democracy: Political Control and the Provision of Public Services},
	Url = {http://cps.sagepub.com/content/34/6/587.abstract},
	Volume = {34},
	Year = {2001},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://cps.sagepub.com/content/34/6/587.abstract}}

@article{mares2005social,
	Author = {Mares, Isabela},
	Journal = {Comparative Political Studies},
	Number = {6},
	Pages = {623--651},
	Publisher = {Sage Publications},
	Title = {Social Protection Around the World External Insecurity, State Capacity, and Domestic Political Cleavages},
	Url = {http://cps.sagepub.com/content/38/6/623.short},
	Volume = {38},
	Year = {2005},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://cps.sagepub.com/content/38/6/623.short}}

@incollection{moe1990politics,
	Author = {Moe, Terry M},
	Booktitle = {Organization Theory: From Chester Barnard to the Present and Beyond},
	Date-Modified = {2014-09-08 12:01:25 +0000},
	Editor = {Oliver E. Williamson},
	Pages = {116--53},
	Publisher = {Oxford University Press New York},
	Title = {The politics of structural choice: Toward a theory of public bureaucracy},
	Year = {1995}}

@incollection{collier1979overview,
	Author = {Collier, David},
	Booktitle = {The new authoritarianism in Latin America},
	Date-Modified = {2014-09-08 12:05:25 +0000},
	Editor = {David Collier},
	Pages = {1--4},
	Publisher = {Princeton University Press },
	Title = {Overview of the bureaucratic-authoritarian model},
	Volume = {12},
	Year = {1979}}

@article{leemann:11,
	Author = {Lucas Leemann and Isabela Mares},
	Date-Added = {2014-09-07 19:49:12 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2014-09-07 19:50:24 +0000},
	Journal = {Working Paper},
	Title = {From `open secrets' to the secret ballot: The economic and political determinants of secret ballot reform},
	Url = {https://www.princeton.edu/csdp/events/Mares11102011/Mares11102011.pdf},
	Year = {2011},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {https://www.princeton.edu/csdp/events/Mares11102011/Mares11102011.pdf}}

@article{frye:14,
	Author = {Frye,Timothy and Reuter,Ora John and Szakonyi,David},
	Date-Added = {2014-09-07 19:36:52 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2014-09-07 19:37:04 +0000},
	Doi = {10.1017/S004388711400001X},
	Issn = {1086-3338},
	Issue = {02},
	Journal = {World Politics},
	Month = {4},
	Numpages = {34},
	Pages = {195--228},
	Title = {Political Machines at Work Voter Mobilization and Electoral Subversion in the Workplace},
	Url = {http://journals.cambridge.org/article_S004388711400001X},
	Volume = {66},
	Year = {2014},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://journals.cambridge.org/article_S004388711400001X},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S004388711400001X}}

@article{calvomurillo:08,
	Author = {Ernesto Calvo and Victoria Murillo},
	Date-Added = {2014-09-07 19:34:07 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2014-09-07 19:35:21 +0000},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {742-757},
	Title = {Who Delivers? Partisan Clients in the Argentine Electoral Market},
	Url = {http://www.gvpt.umd.edu/calvo/Calvo-Murillo-AJPS48-4-[742-757].pdf},
	Volume = {48},
	Year = {2004},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.gvpt.umd.edu/calvo/Calvo-Murillo-AJPS48-4-%5B742-757%5D.pdf}}

@book{mcgillivray:04,
	Author = {McGillivray, F.},
	Date-Added = {2014-09-07 19:31:44 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2014-09-07 19:31:57 +0000},
	Isbn = {9780691027708},
	Lccn = {2003051742},
	Publisher = {Princeton University Press},
	Title = {Privileging Industry: The Comparative Politics of Trade and Industrial Policy},
	Url = {http://books.google.com/books?id=RbopiUUOyLsC},
	Year = {2004},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://books.google.com/books?id=RbopiUUOyLsC}}

@book{mares2003politics,
	Author = {Mares, I.},
	Date-Added = {2014-09-07 19:29:53 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2014-09-07 19:29:53 +0000},
	Isbn = {9780521534772},
	Lccn = {20241557},
	Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	Series = {Cambridge Studies in Comparative Politics},
	Title = {The Politics of Social Risk: Business and Welfare State Development},
	Url = {http://books.google.com/books?id=0JboeidJqRwC},
	Year = {2003},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://books.google.com/books?id=0JboeidJqRwC}}

@incollection{Estevez-Abe:01,
	Author = {Estevez-Abe, Margarita and Iversen Torben and Soskice David},
	Booktitle = {Varieties of Capitalism},
	Date-Added = {2014-09-07 19:23:03 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2014-09-07 22:57:12 +0000},
	Pages = {145--184},
	Publisher = {Oxford University Press},
	Title = {Social Protection and the Formation of Skills: A Reinterpretation of the Welfare State},
	Year = {2001}}

@article{espingandersen:90,
	Author = {Gosta Esping-Andersen},
	Date-Added = {2014-09-07 19:17:23 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2014-09-07 19:18:22 +0000},
	Journal = {International Journal of Sociology},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {92-123},
	Title = {The Three Political Economies of the Welfare State},
	Url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/20630041},
	Volume = {20},
	Year = {1990},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/20630041}}

@article{treisman:07,
	Author = {Daniel Treisman},
	Date-Added = {2014-09-07 19:06:51 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2014-09-07 19:09:13 +0000},
	Journal = {Annual review of political science},
	Pages = {211-244},
	Title = {What have we learned about the causes of corruption from ten years of cross-national empirical research?},
	Url = {http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev.polisci.10.081205.095418},
	Volume = {10},
	Year = {2007},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev.polisci.10.081205.095418}}

@article{Mcmillan:04,
	Author = {John Mcmillan and Zoido, Pablo},
	Date-Added = {2014-09-07 18:59:43 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2014-09-08 12:12:04 +0000},
	Issn = {0895-3309},
	Journal = {The Journal of Economic Perspectives},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {69},
	Title = {How to Subvert Democracy: Montesinos in Peru},
	Url = {http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=520902},
	Volume = {18},
	Year = {2004},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/0895330042632690}}

@article{Mauro:1995,
	Author = {Paolo Mauro},
	Date-Added = {2014-09-07 18:58:19 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2014-09-07 18:59:11 +0000},
	Issn = {0033-5533},
	Journal = {The Quarterly Journal of Economics},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {681--712},
	Title = {Corruption and Growth},
	Url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2946696},
	Volume = {110},
	Year = {1995},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2946696}}

@article{Haggard:12,
	Author = {Stephan Haggard and Kaufman, Robert},
	Date-Added = {2014-09-07 18:50:33 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2014-09-07 18:52:31 +0000},
	Journal = {American Political Science Review},
	Number = {03},
	Pages = {495--516},
	Title = {Inequality and Regime Change: Democratic Transitions and the Stability of Democratic Rule},
	Url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0003055412000287},
	Volume = {106},
	Year = {2012},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003055412000287}}

@article{Geddes:99,
	Author = {Barbara Geddes},
	Date-Added = {2014-09-07 18:49:00 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2014-09-07 18:49:29 +0000},
	Doi = {10.1146/annurev.polisci.2.1.115},
	Journal = {Annual Review of Political Science},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {115--144},
	Title = {What Do We Know About Democratization After Twenty Years?},
	Url = {http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/pdf/10.1146/annurev.polisci.2.1.115},
	Volume = {2},
	Year = {1999},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.polisci.2.1.115}}

@article{Miguel:04,
	Author = {Edward Miguel and Satyanath, Shanker and Sergenti, Ernest},
	Date-Added = {2014-09-07 18:45:12 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2014-09-07 18:46:09 +0000},
	Doi = {10.1086/421174},
	Issn = {0022-3808},
	Journal = {Journal of Political Economy},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {725--753},
	Title = {Economic Shocks and Civil Conflict: An Instrumental Variables Approach},
	Url = {http://eml.berkeley.edu/~emiguel/pdfs/miguel_conflict.pdf},
	Volume = {112},
	Year = {2004},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/421174}}

@book{Kalyvas:06,
	Author = {Stathis Kalyvas},
	Date-Added = {2014-09-07 18:44:05 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2014-09-07 18:44:23 +0000},
	Isbn = {0521670047},
	Publisher = {{Cambridge University Press}},
	Title = {The Logic of Violence in Civil War (Cambridge Studies in Comparative Politics)},
	Year = {2006}}

@book{HUBERSHIPAN2002,
	Address = {Cambridge, UK},
	Author = {John D. Huber and Charles R. Shipan},
	Date-Added = {2014-09-07 03:22:28 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2014-09-07 03:22:28 +0000},
	Keywords = {bureacracy,institutions},
	Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	Title = {Deliberate Discretion? The Institutional Foundations of Bureaucratic Autonomy},
	Year = {2002}}

@article{shleifer:93,
	Author = {Andrei Shleifer and Robert W. Vishny},
	Date-Added = {2014-09-07 03:19:36 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2014-09-07 03:21:57 +0000},
	Journal = {The Quarterly Journal of Economics},
	Keywords = {corruption},
	Month = {August},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {599-617},
	Title = {Corruption},
	Url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/2118402},
	Volume = {108},
	Year = {1993},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/2118402}}

@book{cox:87,
	Author = {Gary Cox},
	Date-Added = {2014-09-07 03:18:30 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2014-09-07 03:19:02 +0000},
	Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	Title = {The Efficient Secret: The Cabinet and the Development of Political Parties in Victorian England},
	Year = {1987}}

@article{bellin:04,
	Author = {Eva Bellin},
	Date-Added = {2014-09-07 03:15:19 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2014-09-07 03:16:24 +0000},
	Journal = {Comparative Politics},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {139--157},
	Title = {{The Robustness of Authoritarianism in the Middle East: Exceptionalism in Comparative Perspective}},
	Url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/4150140},
	Volume = {36},
	Year = {2004},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/4150140}}

@article{jones:05,
	Abstract = {Economic growth within countries varies sharply across decades. This paper examines one explanation for these sustained shifts in growth---changes in the national leader. We use deaths of leaders while in office as a source of exogenous variation in leadership, and ask whether these plausibly exogenous leadership transitions are associated with shifts in country growth rates. We find robust evidence that leaders matter for growth. The results suggest that the effects of individual leaders are strongest in autocratic settings where there are fewer constraints on a leader's power. Leaders also appear to affect policy outcomes, particularly monetary policy. The results suggest that individual leaders can play crucial roles in shaping the growth of nations.},
	Author = {Jones, Benjamin F. and Olken, Benjamin A.},
	Date-Added = {2014-09-07 03:12:31 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2014-09-07 03:12:52 +0000},
	Doi = {10.1093/qje/120.3.835},
	Eprint = {http://qje.oxfordjournals.org/content/120/3/835.full.pdf+html},
	Journal = {The Quarterly Journal of Economics},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {835-864},
	Title = {Do Leaders Matter? National Leadership and Growth Since World War II},
	Url = {http://qje.oxfordjournals.org/content/120/3/835.abstract},
	Volume = {120},
	Year = {2005},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://qje.oxfordjournals.org/content/120/3/835.abstract},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/qje/120.3.835}}

@book{huber:96rationalizing,
	Author = {John Huber},
	Date-Added = {2014-09-07 03:10:06 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2014-09-07 03:10:47 +0000},
	Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	Title = {Rationalizing Parliament: Legislative Institutions and Party Politics in France},
	Year = {1996}}

@article{ferejohn:86,
	Author = {Ferejohn, John},
	Date-Added = {2014-09-07 03:09:04 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2014-09-07 03:09:04 +0000},
	Doi = {10.1007/BF00124924},
	Issn = {0048-5829},
	Journal = {Public Choice},
	Language = {English},
	Number = {1-3},
	Pages = {5-25},
	Publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
	Title = {Incumbent performance and electoral control},
	Url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00124924},
	Volume = {50},
	Year = {1986},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00124924}}

@book{cox:97,
	Author = {Gary Cox},
	Date-Added = {2014-09-07 03:03:35 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2014-09-07 03:04:03 +0000},
	Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	Title = {Making Votes Count: Strategic Coordination in the World's Electoral Systems},
	Year = {1997}}

@book{aldrich:95,
	Author = {John H. Aldrich},
	Date-Added = {2014-09-07 03:01:35 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2014-09-07 03:02:35 +0000},
	Publisher = {University of Chicago Press},
	Title = {Why Parties?: The Origin and Transformation of Political Parties in America},
	Year = {1995}}

@book{centeno:02,
	Author = {Miguel Angel Centeno},
	Date-Added = {2014-09-07 02:57:23 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2014-09-07 02:58:01 +0000},
	Publisher = {Penn State University Press},
	Title = {Blood and Debt: War and the Nation-State in Latin America},
	Year = {2002}}

@article{soskice:90,
	Author = {Soskice, David},
	Date-Added = {2014-09-07 02:49:23 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2014-09-08 11:59:22 +0000},
	Journal = {Oxford Review of Economic Policy},
	Pages = {36--61},
	Publisher = {JSTOR},
	Title = {Wage determination: the changing role of institutions in advanced industrialized countries},
	Url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/23606157},
	Year = {1990},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/23606157}}

@book{north1990institutions,
	Author = {North, Douglass C},
	Date-Added = {2014-09-07 02:48:14 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2014-09-07 18:57:10 +0000},
	Publisher = {{Cambridge University Press}},
	Title = {Institutions, institutional change and economic performance},
	Year = {1990}}

@article{north1981structure,
	Author = {North, Douglass Cecil and others},
	Date-Added = {2014-09-07 02:47:48 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2014-09-07 02:47:48 +0000},
	Publisher = {Norton New York},
	Title = {Structure and change in economic history},
	Year = {1981}}

@article{ernest1964thought,
	Author = {Ernest, Gellner},
	Date-Added = {2014-09-07 02:44:42 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2014-09-07 02:44:42 +0000},
	Journal = {London: Weidenfeld and Nicholson},
	Title = {Thought and Change},
	Year = {1964}}

@article{darden2006great,
	Author = {Darden, Keith and Grzymala-Busse, Anna},
	Date-Added = {2014-09-07 02:39:44 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2014-09-07 02:40:19 +0000},
	Journal = {World Politics},
	Number = {01},
	Pages = {83--115},
	Publisher = {Cambridge Univ Press},
	Title = {The great divide: literacy, nationalism, and the communist collapse},
	Url = {http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=7693668&fileId=S0043887100020736},
	Volume = {59},
	Year = {2006},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=7693668&fileId=S0043887100020736}}

@article{frechette2008incumbents,
	Author = {Fr{\'e}chette, Guillaume R and Maniquet, Francois and Morelli, Massimo},
	Date-Added = {2014-09-07 02:37:24 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2014-09-07 02:37:50 +0000},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {891--909},
	Publisher = {Wiley Online Library},
	Title = {Incumbents' interests and gender quotas},
	Url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2008.00349.x/full},
	Volume = {52},
	Year = {2008},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2008.00349.x/full}}

@article{miguel2004tribe,
	Author = {Miguel, Edward},
	Date-Added = {2014-09-07 02:34:50 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2014-09-07 02:35:19 +0000},
	Journal = {World Politics},
	Number = {03},
	Pages = {328--362},
	Publisher = {Cambridge Univ Press},
	Title = {Tribe or nation? Nation building and public goods in Kenya versus Tanzania},
	Url = {http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=7604860&fileId=S0043887100004330},
	Volume = {56},
	Year = {2004},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=7604860&fileId=S0043887100004330}}

@article{kasara2007tax,
	Author = {Kasara, Kimuli},
	Date-Added = {2014-09-07 02:33:03 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2014-09-07 02:33:51 +0000},
	Journal = {American Political Science Review},
	Number = {01},
	Pages = {159--172},
	Publisher = {Cambridge Univ Press},
	Title = {Tax me if you can: Ethnic geography, democracy, and the taxation of agriculture in Africa},
	Url = {http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=695712&fileId=S0003055407070050},
	Volume = {101},
	Year = {2007},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=695712&fileId=S0003055407070050}}

@techreport{alesina1997public,
	Author = {Alesina, Alberto and Baqir, Reza and Easterly, William},
	Date-Added = {2014-09-07 02:30:52 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2014-09-07 02:31:20 +0000},
	Institution = {National Bureau of Economic Research},
	Title = {Public goods and ethnic divisions},
	Url = {http://www.nber.org/papers/w6009},
	Year = {1997},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.nber.org/papers/w6009}}

@book{anderson:1983,
	Author = {Benedict Anderson},
	Date-Added = {2014-09-07 02:28:59 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2014-09-07 22:33:52 +0000},
	Publisher = {London, New York},
	Title = {Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism},
	Year = {1983}}

@book{verba1963civic,
	Author = {Verba, Sidney and Almond, Gabriel},
	Date-Added = {2014-09-07 02:28:09 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2014-09-08 11:54:59 +0000},
	Publisher = {Sage},
	Title = {The civic culture: Political Attitudes and Democracy},
	Year = {1963}}

@book{bates2014markets,
	Author = {Bates, Robert H},
	Date-Added = {2014-09-07 02:25:07 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2014-09-07 02:26:41 +0000},
	Publisher = {Univ of California Press},
	Title = {Markets and states in tropical Africa: the political basis of agricultural policies},
	Year = {1981}}

@book{mares2006taxation,
	Author = {Mares, Isabela},
	Date-Added = {2014-09-07 02:23:37 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2014-09-07 02:23:37 +0000},
	Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	Title = {Taxation, wage bargaining, and unemployment},
	Year = {2006}}

@article{diermeier:2003,
	Author = {Diermeier, Daniel and Krehbiel, Keith},
	Date-Added = {2014-09-07 02:03:22 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2014-09-07 02:04:21 +0000},
	Journal = {Journal of theoretical politics},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {123--144},
	Publisher = {Sage Publications},
	Title = {Institutionalism as a Methodology},
	Url = {http://jtp.sagepub.com/content/15/2/123.full.pdf+html},
	Volume = {15},
	Year = {2003},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://jtp.sagepub.com/content/15/2/123.full.pdf+html}}

@article{kitschelt:2003,
	Author = {Kitschelt, Herbert},
	Date-Added = {2014-09-07 02:00:04 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2014-09-07 02:01:02 +0000},
	Journal = {What Counts as a Good Cause},
	Pages = {49--88},
	Title = {Accounting for post-communist regime diversity},
	Url = {http://web.clas.ufl.edu/users/codwyer/z_External_Folder/Courses/Kitschelt_Postcommunist_regime_diversity.pdf},
	Year = {2003},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://web.clas.ufl.edu/users/codwyer/z_External_Folder/Courses/Kitschelt_Postcommunist_regime_diversity.pdf}}

@book{king1994designing,
	Author = {King, Gary and Keohane, Robert O and Verba, Sidney},
	Date-Added = {2014-09-07 01:57:14 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2014-09-07 01:57:14 +0000},
	Publisher = {Princeton University Press},
	Title = {Designing social inquiry: Scientific inference in qualitative research},
	Year = {1994}}

@article{huber2013,
	Author = {John Huber},
	Date-Added = {2014-09-07 01:46:57 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2014-09-07 01:56:25 +0000},
	Journal = {The Monkey Cage},
	Title = {Is theory getting lost in the "identification revolution"?},
	Url = {http://themonkeycage.org/2013/06/14/is-theory-getting-lost-in-the-identification-revolution/},
	Year = {2013},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://themonkeycage.org/2013/06/14/is-theory-getting-lost-in-the-identification-revolution/}}

@book{dunning2012natural,
	Author = {Dunning, Thad},
	Date-Added = {2014-09-07 01:42:54 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2014-09-07 01:42:54 +0000},
	Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	Title = {Natural experiments in the social sciences: a design-based approach},
	Year = {2012}}

@article{dunning2007improving,
	Author = {Dunning, Thad},
	Journal = {Political Research Quarterly},
	Publisher = {Sage Publications},
	Title = {Improving causal inference: Strengths and limitations of natural experiments},
	Url = {http://prq.sagepub.com/content/early/2007/10/03/1065912907306470.short},
	Year = {2007},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://prq.sagepub.com/content/early/2007/10/03/1065912907306470.short}}

@article{mahoney2003strategies,
	Author = {Mahoney, James},
	Date-Modified = {2014-09-08 11:14:34 +0000},
	Journal = {Comparative historical analysis in the social sciences},
	Pages = {337--72},
	Publisher = {Cambridge University Press Cambridge},
	Title = {Strategies of causal assessment in comparative historical analysis},
	Url = {http://smr.sagepub.com/content/28/4/387.abstract},
	Year = {2003}}

@article{mahoney2000strategies,
	Author = {Mahoney, James},
	Date-Modified = {2014-09-08 11:14:30 +0000},
	Journal = {Sociological Methods \& Research},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {387--424},
	Publisher = {Sage Publications},
	Title = {Strategies of causal inference in small-N analysis},
	Url = {http://smr.sagepub.com/content/28/4/387.abstract},
	Volume = {28},
	Year = {2000}}

@book{king:94,
	Address = {New Jersey},
	Author = {King, Gary and Keohane, Robert O. and Verba, Sidney},
	Date-Added = {2013-08-22 03:26:49 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2013-08-22 03:26:49 +0000},
	Howpublished = {Paperback},
	Isbn = {0691034710},
	Month = may,
	Posted-At = {2010-12-03 15:11:55},
	Priority = {3},
	Publisher = {Princeton University Press},
	Title = {{Designing Social Inquiry}},
	Year = {1994},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/redirect?tag=citeulike07-20%5C&path=ASIN/0691034710}}

@article{bennett2006qualitative,
	Author = {Bennett, Andrew and Elman, Colin},
	Date-Modified = {2014-09-08 11:16:08 +0000},
	Journal = {Annual Review of Political Science},
	Pages = {455--476},
	Publisher = {Annual Reviews},
	Title = {Qualitative research: Recent developments in case study methods},
	Url = {http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev.polisci.8.082103.104918},
	Volume = {9},
	Year = {2006},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev.polisci.8.082103.104918}}

@article{shepsle2006rational,
	Author = {Shepsle, Kenneth A},
	Journal = {The Oxford Handbook of Political Institutions},
	Pages = {23--38},
	Publisher = {Oxford University Press Oxford, UK},
	Title = {Rational choice institutionalism},
	Year = {2006}}

@article{mahoney2006tale,
	Author = {Mahoney, James and Goertz, Gary},
	Journal = {Political Analysis},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {227--249},
	Publisher = {SPM-PMSAPSA},
	Title = {A tale of two cultures: Contrasting quantitative and qualitative research},
	Url = {http://pan.oxfordjournals.org/content/14/3/227.short},
	Volume = {14},
	Year = {2006},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://pan.oxfordjournals.org/content/14/3/227.short}}

@article{thelen1999historical,
	Author = {Thelen, Kathleen},
	Date-Modified = {2014-09-08 11:19:08 +0000},
	Journal = {Annual review of political science},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {369--404},
	Publisher = {Annual Reviews 4139 El Camino Way, PO Box 10139, Palo Alto, CA 94303-0139, USA},
	Title = {Historical institutionalism in comparative politics},
	Url = {http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev.polisci.2.1.369},
	Volume = {2},
	Year = {1999}}

@article{clarke2007modernizing,
	Author = {Clarke, Kevin A and Primo, David M},
	Journal = {Perspectives on Politics},
	Number = {04},
	Pages = {741--753},
	Publisher = {Cambridge Univ Press},
	Title = {Modernizing political science: A model-based approach},
	Url = {http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=1429532&fileId=S1537592707072192},
	Volume = {5},
	Year = {2007},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=1429532&fileId=S1537592707072192}}

@article{page2006path,
	Author = {Page, Scott E},
	Journal = {Quarterly Journal of Political Science},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {87--115},
	Title = {Path dependence},
	Url = {http://faculty.washington.edu/jwilker/571/571readings/Page.pdf},
	Volume = {1},
	Year = {2006},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://faculty.washington.edu/jwilker/571/571readings/Page.pdf}}

@article{coase1960problem,
	Author = {Coase, Ronald Harry},
	Date-Modified = {2014-09-07 02:20:57 +0000},
	Journal = {Journal of Law and Economics},
	Pages = {1},
	Publisher = {HeinOnline},
	Title = {The problem of social cost},
	Url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/724810},
	Volume = {3},
	Year = {1960},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/724810}}

@article{calmfors1988bargaining,
	Author = {Calmfors, Lars and Driffill, John and Honkapohja, Seppo and Giavazzi, Francesco},
	Date-Modified = {2014-09-08 11:23:34 +0000},
	Journal = {Economic Policy},
	Pages = {14--61},
	Publisher = {JSTOR},
	Title = {Bargaining structure, corporatism and macroeconomic performance},
	Url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/1344503},
	Year = {1988},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/1344503}}

@article{hiscox2001class,
	Author = {Hiscox, Michael J},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Number = {01},
	Pages = {1--46},
	Publisher = {Cambridge Univ Press},
	Title = {Class versus industry cleavages: inter-industry factor mobility and the politics of trade},
	Url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/002081801551405},
	Volume = {55},
	Year = {2001},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/002081801551405}}

@article{collier1979inducements,
	Author = {Collier, Ruth Berins and Collier, David},
	Date-Modified = {2014-09-08 11:33:10 +0000},
	Journal = {The American Political Science Review},
	Pages = {967--986},
	Publisher = {JSTOR},
	Title = {Inducements versus Constraints: Disaggregating ``Corporatism''},
	Url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/1953982},
	Year = {1979}}

@article{wedeen2002conceptualizing,
	Author = {Wedeen, Lisa},
	Journal = {American Political Science Review},
	Number = {04},
	Pages = {713--728},
	Publisher = {Cambridge Univ Press},
	Title = {Conceptualizing culture: Possibilities for political science},
	Url = {http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=133946&fileId=S0003055402000400},
	Volume = {96},
	Year = {2002},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=133946&fileId=S0003055402000400}}

@book{anderson2006imagined,
	Author = {Anderson, Benedict},
	Publisher = {Verso Books},
	Title = {Imagined communities: Reflections on the origin and spread of nationalism},
	Year = {2006}}

@article{berman1997civil,
	Author = {Berman, Sheri},
	Journal = {World politics},
	Number = {03},
	Pages = {401--429},
	Publisher = {Cambridge Univ Press},
	Title = {{Civil society and the collapse of the Weimar Republic}},
	Url = {http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=7620748&fileId=S0043887100007978},
	Volume = {49},
	Year = {1997},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=7620748&fileId=S0043887100007978}}

@article{bdm:02,
	Author = {Mesquita, Bruce Bueno de and Morrow, James D. and Siverson, Randolph M. and Smith, Alastair},
	Copyright = {Copyright {\copyright} 2002 Cambridge University Press},
	Date-Added = {2013-08-28 22:12:13 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2013-08-28 22:12:13 +0000},
	Issn = {00071234},
	Journal = {British Journal of Political Science},
	Jstor_Articletype = {research-article},
	Jstor_Formatteddate = {Oct., 2002},
	Language = {English},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {559--590},
	Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	Title = {{Political Institutions, Policy Choice and the Survival of Leaders}},
	Url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/4092374},
	Volume = {32},
	Year = {2002},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/4092374}}

@article{greif:02,
	Author = {{Greif, Avner}},
	Date-Added = {2013-08-28 21:58:12 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2013-08-28 22:01:40 +0000},
	Journal = {Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics (JITE)},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {168--204},
	Title = {{Institutions and Impersonal Exchange: From Communal to Individual Responsibility}},
	Url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/40753063},
	Volume = {158},
	Year = {2002},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/40753063}}

@article{LaverShepsle90,
	Author = {Michael Laver and Kenneth A. Shepsle},
	Date-Added = {2011-01-10 11:48:36 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2013-08-28 15:46:16 +0000},
	Journal = {American Political Science Review},
	Pages = {873-890},
	Title = {{Coalitions and Cabinet Government}},
	Url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/1962770},
	Volume = {84(3)},
	Year = {1990},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/1962770}}

@article{thies2005war,
	Author = {Thies, Cameron G},
	Date-Modified = {2013-08-28 16:04:42 +0000},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {451--465},
	Publisher = {Wiley Online Library},
	Title = {{War, rivalry, and state building in Latin America}},
	Url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/3647725},
	Volume = {49},
	Year = {2005},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/3647725}}

@book{gerber2012field,
	Author = {Gerber, Alan S. and Green, Donald P.},
	Isbn = {9780393979954},
	Lccn = {2011052337},
	Publisher = {W W Norton \& Company Incorporated},
	Title = {{Field Experiments: Design, Analysis, and Interpretation}},
	Url = {http://books.google.com/books?id=yxEGywAACAAJ},
	Year = {2012},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://books.google.com/books?id=yxEGywAACAAJ}}

@article{GerringMcDermott07,
	Author = {Gerring, J. and McDermott, R.},
	Citeulike-Article-Id = {11961130},
	Date-Modified = {2013-08-28 14:26:12 +0000},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {688--701},
	Posted-At = {2013-01-26 12:29:37},
	Priority = {2},
	Title = {An experimental template for case study research},
	Url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/4620092},
	Volume = {51},
	Year = {2007},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2007.00275.x/full}}

@article{Iversen96,
	Author = {Torben Iversen},
	Date-Added = {2011-01-10 11:48:36 -0600},
	Date-Modified = {2013-08-28 16:23:34 +0000},
	Journal = {Comparative Politics},
	Pages = {399-436},
	Title = {{Power, Flexibility, and the Breakdown of Centralized Wage Bargaining: Denmark and Sweden in Comparative Perspective}},
	Url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/422051},
	Volume = {28(4)},
	Year = {1996},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/422051}}

@article{halltaylor1996,
	Added-At = {2013-06-11T11:25:49.000+0200},
	Author = {Hall, Peter A. and Taylor, Rosemary C. R.},
	Biburl = {http://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/21d70365c404370d3f6064077e4911a4d/ursula_wa},
	Date-Modified = {2013-08-28 16:19:08 +0000},
	Interhash = {2639c62fa413e50aaad6bba6c627819b},
	Intrahash = {1d70365c404370d3f6064077e4911a4d},
	Journal = {Political Studies},
	Number = 5,
	Pages = {936-957},
	Timestamp = {2013-06-11T11:25:49.000+0200},
	Title = {{Political Science and the Three New Institutionalisms}},
	Url = {http://goo.gl/ewjr5L},
	Volume = 44,
	Year = 1996,
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://goo.gl/ewjr5L}}

@article{Deutsch1961,
	Author = {Deutsch, Karl W.},
	Copyright = {Copyright {\copyright} 1961 American Political Science Association},
	Issn = {00030554},
	Journal = {The American Political Science Review},
	Jstor_Articletype = {research-article},
	Jstor_Formatteddate = {Sep., 1961},
	Language = {English},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {pp. 493-514},
	Publisher = {American Political Science Association},
	Title = {{Social Mobilization and Political Development}},
	Url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/1952679},
	Volume = {55},
	Year = {1961},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/1952679}}

@article{fearon1995rationalist,
	Author = {Fearon, James D},
	Date-Modified = {2014-09-07 02:22:38 +0000},
	Journal = {International organization},
	Pages = {379--379},
	Publisher = {Cambridge Univ Press},
	Title = {Rationalist explanations for war},
	Url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/2706903},
	Volume = {49},
	Year = {1995},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/2706903}}

@article{Fowler2008,
	Abstract = {{In the past 50 years, biologists have learned a tremendous amount about human brain function and its genetic basis. At the same time, political scientists have been intensively studying the effect of the social and institutional environment on mass political attitudes and behaviors. However, these separate fields of inquiry are subject to inherent limitations that may only be resolved through collaboration across disciplines. We describe recent advances and argue that biologists and political scientists must work together to advance a new science of human nature.}},
	Author = {Fowler, James H. and Schreiber, Darren},
	Citeulike-Article-Id = {3488491},
	Citeulike-Linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1158188},
	Citeulike-Linkout-1 = {http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/322/5903/912},
	Citeulike-Linkout-2 = {http://view.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18988845},
	Citeulike-Linkout-3 = {http://www.hubmed.org/display.cgi?uids=18988845},
	Day = {7},
	Doi = {10.1126/science.1158188},
	Journal = {Science},
	Keywords = {biological\_approach, politics},
	Month = nov,
	Number = {5903},
	Pages = {912--914},
	Pmid = {18988845},
	Posted-At = {2010-03-17 05:47:24},
	Priority = {2},
	Title = {{Biology, Politics, and the Emerging Science of Human Nature}},
	Url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1158188},
	Volume = {322},
	Year = {2008},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1158188}}

@article{grossman1995swords,
	Author = {Grossman, Herschel I and Kim, Minseong},
	Journal = {Journal of Political Economy},
	Pages = {1275--1288},
	Publisher = {JSTOR},
	Title = {Swords or plowshares? A theory of the security of claims to property},
	Year = {1995}}

@book{autesserre2010trouble,
	Author = {Autesserre, S.},
	Isbn = {9780521156011},
	Lccn = {20101462},
	Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	Series = {Cambridge Studies in International Relations},
	Title = {The Trouble with the Congo: Local Violence and the Failure of International Peacebuilding},
	Url = {http://books.google.com/books?id=IltRgvb95aIC},
	Year = {2010},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://books.google.com/books?id=IltRgvb95aIC}}

@book{scott1977moral,
	Author = {Scott, J.C.},
	Isbn = {9780300185553},
	Publisher = {Yale University Press},
	Title = {The Moral Economy of the Peasant: Rebellion and Subsistence in Southeast Asia},
	Url = {http://books.google.com/books?id=qu5KUdN\_rDkC},
	Year = {1977},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://books.google.com/books?id=qu5KUdN%5C_rDkC}}

@article{harsanyi1977advances,
	Author = {Harsanyi, John C},
	Journal = {{Foundational Problems in the Special Sciences}},
	Pages = {315},
	Publisher = {Springer},
	Title = {Advances in Understanding Rational Behavior},
	Volume = {1},
	Year = {1977}}

@article{blattman2010civil,
	Author = {Blattman, Christopher and Miguel, Edward},
	Doi = {10.1257/jel.48.1.3},
	Journal = {Journal of Economic Literature},
	Month = {September},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {3-57},
	Title = {{Civil War}},
	Url = {http://www.aeaweb.org/articles.php?doi=10.1257/jel.48.1.3},
	Volume = {48},
	Year = {2010},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.aeaweb.org/articles.php?doi=10.1257/jel.48.1.3},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jel.48.1.3}}

@article{FL96,
	Abstract = {{Though both journalists and the academic literature on ethnic conflict give the opposite impression, peaceful and even cooperative relations between ethnic groups are far more common than is large-scale violence. We seek to explain this norm of interethnic peace and how it occasionally breaks down, arguing that formal and informal institutions usually work to contain or "cauterize" disputes between individual members of different groups. Using a social matching game model, we show that local-level interethnic cooperation can be supported in essentially two ways. In spiral equilibria, disputes between individuals are correctly expected to spiral rapidly beyond the two parties, and fear of this induces cooperation "on the equilibrium path." In in-group policing equilibria, individuals ignore transgressions by members of the other group, correctly expecting that the culprits will be identified and sanctioned by their own ethnic brethren. A range of examples suggests that both equilibria occur empirically and have properties expected from the theoretical analysis.}},
	Author = {Fearon, James D. and Laitin, David D.},
	Citeulike-Article-Id = {1309344},
	Citeulike-Linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2945838},
	Citeulike-Linkout-1 = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/2945838},
	Doi = {10.2307/2945838},
	Issn = {00030554},
	Journal = {The American Political Science Review},
	Keywords = {coalitional, conflict, ethnic\_conflict, identity},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {715--735},
	Posted-At = {2007-05-19 19:07:20},
	Priority = {2},
	Publisher = {American Political Science Association},
	Title = {{Explaining Interethnic Cooperation}},
	Url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2945838},
	Volume = {90},
	Year = {1996},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2945838}}

@article{BIQQ,
	Author = {Humphreys, Macartan and Alan Jacobs},
	Journal = {Working Paper},
	Title = {{Mixing Methods: A Bayesian Unification of Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches}},
	Url = {http://www.columbia.edu/~mh2245/papers1/BIQQ.pdf},
	Year = {2013},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.columbia.edu/~mh2245/papers1/BIQQ.pdf}}

@article{nunn:08,
	Author = {Nunn, Nathan},
	Date-Added = {2013-08-24 22:40:11 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2013-08-24 22:42:05 +0000},
	Journal = {The Quarterly Journal of Economics},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {139--176},
	Title = {The long-term effects of Africa's slave trades},
	Url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/25098896},
	Volume = {123},
	Year = {2008},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/25098896}}

@article{boix1999setting,
	Author = {Boix, Carles},
	Journal = {American Political Science Review},
	Pages = {609--624},
	Publisher = {JSTOR},
	Title = {Setting the rules of the game: the choice of electoral systems in advanced democracies},
	Url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/2585577},
	Year = {1999},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/2585577}}

@article{calvo2009competitive,
	Author = {Calvo, Ernesto},
	Journal = {World Politics},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {254--295},
	Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	Title = {The competitive road to proportional representation: partisan biases and electoral regime change under increasing party competition},
	Url = {http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/wp/summary/v061/61.2.calvo.html},
	Volume = {61},
	Year = {2009},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/wp/summary/v061/61.2.calvo.html}}

@article{downs1957economic,
	Author = {Downs, Anthony},
	Publisher = {New York},
	Title = {An economic theory of democracy},
	Year = {1957}}

@article{adams2012causes,
	Author = {Adams, James},
	Journal = {Annual Review of Political Science},
	Pages = {401--419},
	Publisher = {Annual Reviews},
	Title = {Causes and electoral consequences of party policy shifts in multiparty elections: Theoretical results and empirical evidence},
	Url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2006.00199.x/full},
	Volume = {15},
	Year = {2012},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2006.00199.x/full}}

@article{kitschelt2000linkages,
	Author = {Kitschelt, Herbert},
	Journal = {Comparative political studies},
	Number = {6-7},
	Pages = {845--879},
	Publisher = {Sage Publications},
	Title = {Linkages between citizens and politicians in democratic polities},
	Url = {http://cps.sagepub.com/content/33/6-7/845.short},
	Volume = {33},
	Year = {2000},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://cps.sagepub.com/content/33/6-7/845.short}}

@article{cusack2007economic,
	Author = {Cusack, Thomas R and Iversen, Torben and Soskice, David},
	Journal = {American Political Science Review},
	Number = {03},
	Pages = {373--391},
	Publisher = {Cambridge Univ Press},
	Title = {Economic interests and the origins of electoral systems},
	Url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0003055407070384},
	Volume = {101},
	Year = {2007},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0003055407070384}}

@article{adam1997toward,
	Author = {McAdam, Doug and Tarrow, Sidney and Tilly, Charles},
	Journal = {Comparative politics: Rationality, culture, and structure},
	Pages = {142},
	Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	Title = {Toward an integrated perspective on social movements and revolutions},
	Year = {1997}}

@article{kreuzer2010historical,
	Author = {Kreuzer, Marcus},
	Date-Modified = {2014-09-08 12:03:28 +0000},
	Journal = {American Political Science Review},
	Number = {02},
	Pages = {369--392},
	Publisher = {Cambridge Univ Press},
	Title = {Historical knowledge and quantitative analysis: The case of the origins of proportional representation},
	Url = {http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=7793115&fileId=S0003055410000122},
	Volume = {104},
	Year = {2010}}

@article{banerjee:05,
	Author = {Abhijit Banerjee and Lakshmi Iyer},
	Date-Added = {2013-08-24 22:38:45 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2013-08-24 22:39:51 +0000},
	Journal = {The American Economic Review},
	Month = {September},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {1190--1213},
	Title = {History, Institutions, and Economic Performance: The Legacy of Colonial Land Tenure Systems in India},
	Url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/4132711},
	Volume = {95},
	Year = {2005},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/4132711}}

@article{acemoglu:00,
	Author = {Acemoglu, Daron and Johnson, Simon and Robinson, James A},
	Date-Added = {2013-08-24 22:35:23 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2013-08-24 22:36:27 +0000},
	Institution = {National Bureau of Economic Research},
	Journal = {The American Economic Review},
	Number = {5},
	Pages = {1369--1401},
	Title = {The colonial origins of comparative development: an empirical investigation},
	Url = {http://web.mit.edu/daron/www/colonial8comp.pdf},
	Volume = {91},
	Year = {2000},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://web.mit.edu/daron/www/colonial8comp.pdf}}

@article{persson:94,
	Author = {Torsten Persson and Guido Tabellini},
	Date-Added = {2013-08-24 22:31:22 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2013-08-24 22:32:22 +0000},
	Journal = {The American Economic Review},
	Pages = {600--621},
	Title = {Is Inequality Harmful for Growth?},
	Url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/2118070},
	Year = {1994},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/2118070}}

@article{alesina:94,
	Author = {Alesina, Alberto and Rodrik, Dani},
	Date-Added = {2013-08-24 22:27:35 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2013-08-24 22:29:18 +0000},
	Journal = {The Quarterly Journal of Economics},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {465--490},
	Publisher = {Oxford University Press},
	Title = {Distributive politics and economic growth},
	Url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/2118470},
	Volume = {109},
	Year = {1994},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/2118470}}

@article{lopez:98,
	Author = {L{\'o}pez de Silanes, Florencio and La Porta, Rafael and Shleifer, Andrei and Vishny, Robert},
	Date-Added = {2013-08-24 22:15:10 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2013-08-24 22:17:13 +0000},
	Journal = {Journal of Political Economy},
	Pages = {1113--1155},
	Title = {Law and finance},
	Url = {http://works.bepress.com/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1017&context=florencio_lopez_de_silanes},
	Volume = {106},
	Year = {1998},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://works.bepress.com/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1017&context=florencio_lopez_de_silanes}}

@article{robinson:05,
	Author = {Robinson, James A and Torvik, Ragnar},
	Date-Added = {2013-08-24 22:11:40 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2013-08-24 22:12:03 +0000},
	Journal = {Journal of Public Economics},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {197--210},
	Publisher = {Elsevier},
	Title = {White Elephants},
	Url = {http://dev.wcfia.harvard.edu/sites/default/files/902__jr_WhiteElephants.pdf},
	Volume = {89},
	Year = {2005},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dev.wcfia.harvard.edu/sites/default/files/902__jr_WhiteElephants.pdf}}

@incollection{stiglitz:97,
	Author = {Sitglitz, Joseph},
	Booktitle = {Development Strategy and Management of the Market Economy: Volume I},
	Date-Added = {2013-08-24 22:07:12 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2013-08-24 22:22:05 +0000},
	Editor = {Malinvaud, Edmond and Sz{\'e}keley, Istv{\'a}n P},
	Publisher = {Oxford University Press},
	Title = {The Role of Governments in the Economies of Developing Countries},
	Year = {1997}}

@article{acemoglu:01,
	Author = {Acemoglu, Daron and Robinson, James A},
	Date-Added = {2013-08-24 22:04:40 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2013-08-24 22:06:13 +0000},
	Journal = {American Political Science Review},
	Number = {03},
	Pages = {649--661},
	Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	Title = {Inefficient Redistribution},
	Url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/3118239},
	Volume = {95},
	Year = {2001},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/3118239}}

@article{dixit:95,
	Author = {Dixit, Avinash and Londregan, John},
	Date-Added = {2013-08-24 21:50:22 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2013-08-24 21:51:18 +0000},
	Journal = {American Political Science Review},
	Pages = {856--866},
	Title = {Redistributive politics and economic efficiency},
	Url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/2082513},
	Year = {1995},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/2082513}}

@book{odonnell:86,
	Author = {O'Donnell, Guillermo and Schmitter, Philippe C and Whitehead, Laurence},
	Date-Added = {2013-08-24 21:32:08 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2013-08-24 21:33:04 +0000},
	Publisher = {Johns Hopkins University Press},
	Title = {Transitions from authoritarian rule: Tentative conclusions about uncertain democracies},
	Year = {1986}}

@article{limongi:97,
	Author = {Limongi, Fernando and Przeworski, Adam},
	Date-Added = {2013-08-24 20:58:46 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2013-08-24 20:59:21 +0000},
	Journal = {World Politics},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {155--183},
	Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	Title = {Modernization: Theories and facts},
	Url = {http://scholar.harvard.edu/levitsky/files/przeworski_limogni.pdf},
	Volume = {49},
	Year = {1997},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://scholar.harvard.edu/levitsky/files/przeworski_limogni.pdf}}

@article{epstein:06,
	Author = {Epstein, David L and Bates, Robert and Goldstone, Jack and Kristensen, Ida and O'Halloran, Sharyn},
	Date-Added = {2013-08-24 20:53:35 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2013-08-28 17:18:20 +0000},
	Journal = {American journal of political science},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {551--569},
	Publisher = {Wiley Online Library},
	Title = {Democratic transitions},
	Url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/3694234},
	Volume = {50},
	Year = {2006},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.157.9383&rep=rep1&type=pdf}}

@article{acemoglu:01transitions,
	Author = {Acemoglu, Daron and Robinson, James A},
	Date-Modified = {2014-09-07 18:48:11 +0000},
	Journal = {American Economic Review},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {938--963},
	Publisher = {JSTOR},
	Title = {A theory of political transitions},
	Url = {http://ideas.repec.org/a/aea/aecrev/v91y2001i4p938-963.html},
	Volume = {91},
	Year = {2001},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://ideas.repec.org/a/aea/aecrev/v91y2001i4p938-963.html}}

@book{wilkinson2006votes,
	Author = {Wilkinson, Steven I},
	Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	Title = {Votes and violence: Electoral competition and ethnic riots in India},
	Year = {2006}}

@article{humphreys2008fights,
	Author = {Humphreys, Macartan and Weinstein, Jeremy M},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {436--455},
	Publisher = {Wiley Online Library},
	Title = {Who fights? The determinants of participation in civil war},
	Url = {http://www.columbia.edu/~mh2245/papers1/who_fights.pdf},
	Volume = {52},
	Year = {2008},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.columbia.edu/~mh2245/papers1/who_fights.pdf}}

@book{gurr1970men,
	Author = {Gurr, Ted R},
	Date-Modified = {2014-09-08 11:22:50 +0000},
	Publisher = {Princeton University Press},
	Title = {W{hy Men Rebel}},
	Url = {http://www.worldcat.org/title/why-men-rebel/oclc/55562},
	Year = {1970}}

@book{wood2003insurgent,
	Author = {Wood, Elisabeth Jean},
	Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	Title = {Insurgent collective action and civil war in El Salvador},
	Year = {2003}}

@book{skocpol:79,
	Author = {Skocpol, Theda},
	Date-Added = {2013-08-24 20:51:59 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2013-08-24 20:52:10 +0000},
	Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	Title = {States and social revolutions},
	Volume = {29},
	Year = {1979}}

@book{scott:77,
	Author = {Scott, James C},
	Date-Added = {2013-08-24 20:51:25 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2013-08-24 20:51:32 +0000},
	Publisher = {Yale University Press},
	Title = {The moral economy of the peasant: Rebellion and subsistence in Southeast Asia},
	Year = {1977}}

@book{moore:03,
	Author = {Moore, Barrington},
	Date-Added = {2013-08-24 20:46:49 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2014-09-07 22:40:52 +0000},
	Publisher = {Beacon Press},
	Title = {Social origins of dictatorship and democracy: Lord and peasant in the making of the modern world},
	Volume = {268},
	Year = {1966}}

@article{ferraz:08,
	Author = {Ferraz, Claudio and Finan, Frederico},
	Date-Added = {2013-08-24 20:08:16 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2014-09-08 12:08:27 +0000},
	Journal = {The Quarterly Journal of Economics},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {703--745},
	Publisher = {Oxford University Press},
	Title = {{Exposing corrupt politicians: The effects of Brazil's publicly released audits on electoral outcomes}},
	Url = {http://qje.oxfordjournals.org.ezproxy.cul.columbia.edu/content/123/2/703.full.pdf+html},
	Volume = {123},
	Year = {2008},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://qje.oxfordjournals.org.ezproxy.cul.columbia.edu/content/123/2/703.full.pdf+html}}

@article{besley:02,
	Author = {Besley, Timothy and Burgess, Robin},
	Date-Added = {2013-08-24 20:05:09 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2013-08-24 20:07:40 +0000},
	Journal = {The Quarterly Journal of Economics},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {1415--1451},
	Publisher = {Oxford University Press},
	Title = {The Political Economy of Government Responsiveness: Theory and Evidence from India},
	Url = {http://public.econ.duke.edu/~psarcidi/lunchf08/besburgess.pdf},
	Volume = {117},
	Year = {2002},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://public.econ.duke.edu/~psarcidi/lunchf08/besburgess.pdf}}

@article{levitsky:02,
	Author = {Steven Levitsky and Lucan A. Way},
	Chapter = {51},
	Date-Added = {2013-08-24 19:54:43 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2013-08-24 19:55:43 +0000},
	Journal = {Journal of Democracy},
	Month = {04/2002},
	Pages = {51-66},
	Title = {The Rise of Competitive Authoritarianism},
	Url = {http://scholar.harvard.edu/files/levitsky/files/SL_elections.pdf},
	Volume = {13},
	Year = {2002},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://scholar.harvard.edu/files/levitsky/files/SL_elections.pdf}}

@article{odonnell:98,
	Author = {O'Donnell, Guillermo},
	Date-Added = {2013-08-24 19:53:36 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2013-08-28 16:58:41 +0000},
	Journal = {Journal of Democracy},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {112--26},
	Title = {Horizontal Accountability in New Polyarchies},
	Url = {http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/journal_of_democracy/v009/9.3odonnell.html},
	Volume = {9},
	Year = {1998},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.gvpt.umd.edu/calvo/articulos/O'Donnell-Horizontal%20Accountability.pdf}}

@article{bjorkman:09,
	Author = {Bj{\"o}rkman, Martina and Svensson, Jakob},
	Date-Added = {2013-08-24 19:48:00 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2013-08-28 16:54:25 +0000},
	Journal = {The Quarterly Journal of Economics},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {735--769},
	Title = {Power to the People: Evidence from a Randomized Field Experiment on Community-Based Monitoring in Uganda},
	Volume = {124},
	Year = {2009},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.povertyactionlab.org/publication/power-people-evidence-randomized-field-experiment-community-based-monitoring-project-uga}}

@incollection{ferejohn:99,
	Author = {Ferejohn, John},
	Booktitle = {Democracy, Accountability, and Representation},
	Date-Added = {2013-08-24 19:43:12 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2013-08-24 19:44:18 +0000},
	Editor = {Adam Przeworski and Susan C. Stokes and Bernard Manin},
	Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	Title = {Accountability and Authority: Toward a Theory of Political Accountability},
	Year = {1999}}

@article{malesky_schuler:10,
	Abstract = {{Recent scholarship argues that one solution to ensure longevity and economic growth in an authoritarian regime is to co-opt potential opposition by offering them limited policy influence in a national legislature. Although cooptation theory generates a number of predictions for delegate behavior within an authoritarian parliament, the opacity of such regimes has made empirical confirmation difficult. We resolve this problem by exploiting the transcripts of query sessions in the Vietnamese National Assembly, where delegates question the prime minister and Cabinet members on important issues of the day. Using a content analysis of queries, we offer the first empirical test of delegate behavior in nondemocratic parliaments. We find that some delegates exhibit behavior consistent with cooptation theory by actively participating in sessions, demonstrating criticism of authorities, and responding to the needs of local constituents. Such responsiveness, however, is parameterized by regime rules for nominating, electing, and assigning parliamentary responsibilities to individual delegates.}},
	Author = {Malesky, Edmund and Schuler, Paul},
	Citeulike-Article-Id = {8217691},
	Citeulike-Linkout-0 = {http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online\&aid=7909391},
	Citeulike-Linkout-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003055410000250},
	Date-Added = {2013-08-24 19:24:22 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2013-08-24 19:24:44 +0000},
	Doi = {10.1017/s0003055410000250},
	Journal = {American Political Science Review},
	Number = {03},
	Pages = {482--502},
	Posted-At = {2010-11-08 01:40:51},
	Priority = {2},
	Title = {{Nodding or Needling: Analyzing Delegate Responsiveness in an Authoritarian Parliament}},
	Url = {http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1669709},
	Volume = {104},
	Year = {2010},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003055410000250}}

@article{magaloni2008,
	Abstract = {To survive in office, dictators need to establish power-sharing arrangements with their ruling coalitions, which are often not credible. If dictators cannot commit to not abusing their "loyal friends - those who choose to invest in the existing autocratic institutions rather than in forming subversive coalitions - they will be in permanent danger of being overthrown, both by members of the ruling elite and by outside rivals. This article explores the role of autocratic political parties and elections (both one-party and multiparty) in mitigating the commitment problem, making power-sharing between the dictator and his ruling coalition possible.},
	Author = {Magaloni, Beatriz},
	Date-Modified = {2013-08-29 02:17:22 +0000},
	Journal = {Comparative Political Studies},
	Month = {2008/04//},
	Pages = {715 - 741},
	Title = {Credible Power-Sharing and the Longevity of Authoritarian Rule},
	Url = {http://m.cps.sagepub.com/content/41/4-5/715.short},
	Volume = {41},
	Year = {2008},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://cps.sagepub.com/content/41/4-5/715.abstract}}

@book{magaloni:06,
	Author = {Magaloni, Beatriz},
	Date-Added = {2013-08-24 19:22:37 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2013-08-24 19:23:03 +0000},
	Isbn = {9780521862479},
	Lccn = {2006022357},
	Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	Series = {Cambridge Studies in Comparative Politics},
	Title = {Voting for Autocracy: Hegemonic Party Survival and Its Demise in Mexico},
	Year = {2006},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://books.google.com/books?id=ka8AnSBhwIIC}}

@incollection{haber:06,
	Author = {Stephen Haber},
	Booktitle = {The Oxford Handbook of Political Economy},
	Date-Added = {2013-08-24 19:19:37 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2013-08-24 19:20:32 +0000},
	Editor = {Barry Weingast and Donald Wittman},
	Pages = {693--707},
	Publisher = {Oxford University Press},
	Title = {Authoritarian Government},
	Year = {2006}}

@article{wright:08,
	Author = {Wright, Joseph},
	Date-Added = {2013-08-24 19:11:49 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2013-08-28 16:43:22 +0000},
	Doi = {10.1111/j.1540-5907.2008.00315.x},
	Issn = {1540-5907},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {322--343},
	Publisher = {Blackwell Publishing Inc},
	Title = {Do Authoritarian Institutions Constrain? How Legislatures Affect Economic Growth and Investment},
	Url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/25193816},
	Volume = {52},
	Year = {2008},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2008.00315.x}}

@article{myerson:08,
	Abstract = {{A political leader's temptation to deny costly debts to past supporters is a central moral-hazard problem in politics. This paper develops a game-theoretic model to probe the consequences of this moral-hazard problem for leaders who compete to establish political regimes. In contests for power, absolute leaders who are not subject to third-party judgments can credibly recruit only limited support. A leader can do better by organizing supporters into a court which could cause his downfall. In global negotiation-proof equilibria, leaders cannot recruit any supporters without such constitutional checks. Egalitarian norms make recruiting costlier in oligarchies, which become weaker than monarchies. The ruler's power and limitations on entry of new leaders are derived from focal-point effects in games with multiple equilibria. The relationships of trust between leaders and their supporters are personal constitutions which underlie all other political constitutions.}},
	Author = {Myerson, Roger B.},
	Citeulike-Article-Id = {2388148},
	Citeulike-Linkout-0 = {http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online\&aid=1720724},
	Citeulike-Linkout-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003055408080076},
	Date-Added = {2013-08-24 19:10:38 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2013-08-28 16:42:48 +0000},
	Day = {13},
	Doi = {10.1017/s0003055408080076},
	Journal = {American Political Science Review},
	Number = {01},
	Pages = {125--139},
	Posted-At = {2010-08-24 04:22:56},
	Priority = {2},
	Title = {{The Autocrat's Credibility Problem and Foundations of the Constitutional State}},
	Url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/27644502},
	Volume = {102},
	Year = {2008},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003055408080076}}

@article{humphreys_deliberation:06,
	Author = {Humphreys, Macartan and Masters, William A and Sandbu, Martin E},
	Date-Added = {2013-08-24 18:57:06 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2013-08-24 19:02:07 +0000},
	Journal = {World Politics},
	Number = {4},
	Title = {The Role of Leaders in Democratic Deliberations: Results From a Field Experiment in S{\~a}o Tom{\'e} and Pr{\'\i}ncipe},
	Url = {http://www.columbia.edu/~mh2245/papers1/wp2007/},
	Volume = {58},
	Year = {2006},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.columbia.edu/~mh2245/papers1/wp2007/}}

@incollection{elster:98,
	Author = {Jon Elster},
	Booktitle = {Deliberative Democracy},
	Date-Added = {2013-08-24 18:38:24 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2013-08-24 18:47:00 +0000},
	Editor = {Jon Elster},
	Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	Title = {Deliberation and Constitution Making},
	Year = {1998}}

@article{austen-smith:06,
	Author = {Austen-Smith,David and Feddersen, Timothy J.},
	Date-Added = {2013-08-24 18:32:27 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2013-08-28 16:09:39 +0000},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0003055406062113},
	Issn = {1537-5943},
	Issue = {02},
	Journal = {American Political Science Review},
	Month = {5},
	Numpages = {9},
	Pages = {209--217},
	Title = {Deliberation, Preference Uncertainty, and Voting Rules},
	Url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/27644345},
	Volume = {null},
	Year = {2006},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://journals.cambridge.org/article_S0003055406062113},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0003055406062113}}

@article{blattman:10,
	Author = {Christopher Blattman and Jeannie Annan},
	Date-Added = {2013-08-24 18:21:46 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2013-08-24 18:22:50 +0000},
	Journal = {The Review of Economics and Statistics},
	Month = {November},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {882--898},
	Title = {The Consequences of Child Soldiering},
	Url = {http://www.chrisblattman.com/documents/research/2010.Consequences.RESTAT.pdf},
	Volume = {92},
	Year = {2010},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.chrisblattman.com/documents/research/2010.Consequences.RESTAT.pdf}}

@article{fearon_laitin:03,
	Abstract = {{An influential conventional wisdom holds that civil wars proliferated rapidly with the end of the Cold War and that the root cause of many or most of these has been ethnic and religious antagonisms. We show that the current prevalence of internal war is mainly the result of a steady accumulation of protracted conflicts since the 1950s and 1960s rather than a sudden change associated with a new, post-Cold War international system. We also find that after controlling for per capita income, more ethnically or religiously diverse countries have been no more likely to experience significant civil violence in this period. We argue for understanding civil war in this period in terms of insurgency or rural guerrilla warfare, a particular form of military practice that can be harnessed to diverse political agendas. The factors that explain which countries have been at risk for civil war are not their ethnic or religious characteristics but rather the conditions that favor insurgency. These include poverty-which marks financially and bureaucratically weak states and also favors rebel recruitment-political instability, rough terrain, and large populations.}},
	Author = {Fearon, James D. and Laitin, David D.},
	Citeulike-Article-Id = {1086096},
	Citeulike-Linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3118222},
	Citeulike-Linkout-1 = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/3118222},
	Comment = {Lower per capita GDP is significantly associated with the onset of a civil war. Ethnic diversity does not contribute to the onset of conflict. FL captures the role of rough terrain in sustaining insurgencies.},
	Date-Added = {2013-08-24 18:19:20 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2013-08-24 18:20:07 +0000},
	Doi = {10.2307/3118222},
	Issn = {00030554},
	Journal = {The American Political Science Review},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {75--90},
	Posted-At = {2007-09-03 23:47:37},
	Priority = {5},
	Publisher = {American Political Science Association},
	Title = {{Ethnicity, Insurgency, and Civil War}},
	Url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/3118222},
	Volume = {97},
	Year = {2003},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3118222}}

@article{collier:99,
	Abstract = {{A model of the economic effects of civil war and the post-war period is developed. A key feature is the adjustment of the capital stock through capital flight. Post-war this flight can either be reversed or continue, depending partly upon how far the capital stock has adjusted to the war. The model is tested on data for all civil wars since 1960. After long civil wars the economy recovers rapidly, whereas after short wars it continues to decline. We then consider the effect on the composition of economic activity, distinguishing between war-vulnerable and war-safe activities. Evidence for Uganda shows such compositional effects to be substantial. 10.1093/oep/51.1.168}},
	Author = {Collier, Paul},
	Citeulike-Article-Id = {2240382},
	Citeulike-Linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oep/51.1.168},
	Citeulike-Linkout-1 = {http://oep.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/51/1/168},
	Date-Added = {2013-08-24 18:18:32 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2013-08-28 16:49:32 +0000},
	Day = {1},
	Doi = {10.1093/oep/51.1.168},
	Journal = {Oxf. Econ. Pap.},
	Month = jan,
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {168--183},
	Posted-At = {2008-01-16 18:05:34},
	Priority = {0},
	Title = {{On the Economic Consequences of Civil War}},
	Url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/3488597},
	Volume = {51},
	Year = {1999},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oep/51.1.168}}

@book{vdw2001,
	Abstract = {{This book explains why African countries have remained mired in a disastrous
economic crisis since the late 1970s. It shows that dynamics internal to
African state structures largely explain this failure to overcome economic
difficulties rather than external pressures on these same structures as is
often argued. Far from being prevented from undertaking reforms by societal
interest and pressure groups, clientelism within the state elite, ideological
factors and low state capacity have resulted in some limited reform, but much
prevarication and manipulation of the reform process, by governments that do
not really believe that reform will be effective.}},
	Author = {van de Walle, Nicolas},
	Citeulike-Article-Id = {5145695},
	Citeulike-Linkout-0 = {http://www.amazon.ca/exec/obidos/redirect?tag=citeulike09-20\&path=ASIN/0521008360},
	Citeulike-Linkout-1 = {http://www.amazon.de/exec/obidos/redirect?tag=citeulike01-21\&path=ASIN/0521008360},
	Citeulike-Linkout-2 = {http://www.amazon.fr/exec/obidos/redirect?tag=citeulike06-21\&path=ASIN/0521008360},
	Citeulike-Linkout-3 = {http://www.amazon.jp/exec/obidos/ASIN/0521008360},
	Citeulike-Linkout-4 = {http://www.amazon.co.uk/exec/obidos/ASIN/0521008360/citeulike00-21},
	Citeulike-Linkout-5 = {http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/redirect?tag=citeulike07-20\&path=ASIN/0521008360},
	Citeulike-Linkout-6 = {http://www.worldcat.org/isbn/0521008360},
	Citeulike-Linkout-7 = {http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN0521008360},
	Citeulike-Linkout-8 = {http://www.amazon.com/gp/search?keywords=0521008360\&index=books\&linkCode=qs},
	Citeulike-Linkout-9 = {http://www.librarything.com/isbn/0521008360},
	Day = {24},
	Howpublished = {Paperback},
	Isbn = {0521008360},
	Keywords = {africa, blattman, economy},
	Month = sep,
	Posted-At = {2009-07-14 11:53:03},
	Priority = {2},
	Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	Title = {{African Economies and the Politics of Permanent Crisis, 1979-1999 (Political Economy of Institutions and Decisions)}},
	Url = {http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/redirect?tag=citeulike07-20\&path=ASIN/0521008360},
	Year = {2001},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/redirect?tag=citeulike07-20%5C&path=ASIN/0521008360}}

@article{bates2000ethnicity,
	Author = {Bates, Robert H},
	Journal = {The American Economic Review},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {131--134},
	Publisher = {JSTOR},
	Title = {{Ethnicity and development in Africa: A reappraisal}},
	Url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/117206},
	Volume = {90},
	Year = {2000},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/117206}}

@article{bates1983modernization,
	Author = {Bates, Robert H},
	Journal = {State versus ethnic claims: African policy dilemmas},
	Pages = {171},
	Publisher = {Boulder, CO: Westview Press},
	Title = {Modernization, ethnic competition, and the rationality of politics in contemporary Africa},
	Volume = {152},
	Year = {1983}}

@book{chandra2007ethnic,
	Author = {Chandra, Kanchan},
	Isbn = {9780521891417},
	Lccn = {2003048458},
	Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	Series = {Cambridge Studies in Comparative Politics},
	Title = {Why Ethnic Parties Succeed: Patronage and Ethnic Head Counts in India},
	Url = {http://tinyurl.com/kchandra-intro},
	Year = {2007},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://tinyurl.com/kchandra-intro}}

@book{Weinstein2007,
	Author = {Jeremy Weinstein},
	Isbn = {9781139458696},
	Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	Title = {{Inside Rebellion}},
	Url = {http://books.google.com/books?id=N3-pSjAWGccC},
	Year = {2007},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://books.google.com/books?id=N3-pSjAWGccC}}

@book{tilly:92,
	Author = {Tilly, Charles},
	Citeulike-Article-Id = {201639},
	Citeulike-Linkout-0 = {http://www.amazon.ca/exec/obidos/redirect?tag=citeulike09-20\&path=ASIN/1557863687},
	Citeulike-Linkout-1 = {http://www.amazon.de/exec/obidos/redirect?tag=citeulike01-21\&path=ASIN/1557863687},
	Citeulike-Linkout-2 = {http://www.amazon.fr/exec/obidos/redirect?tag=citeulike06-21\&path=ASIN/1557863687},
	Citeulike-Linkout-3 = {http://www.amazon.jp/exec/obidos/ASIN/1557863687},
	Citeulike-Linkout-4 = {http://www.amazon.co.uk/exec/obidos/ASIN/1557863687/citeulike00-21},
	Citeulike-Linkout-5 = {http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/redirect?tag=citeulike07-20\&path=ASIN/1557863687},
	Citeulike-Linkout-6 = {http://www.worldcat.org/isbn/1557863687},
	Citeulike-Linkout-7 = {http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN1557863687},
	Citeulike-Linkout-8 = {http://www.amazon.com/gp/search?keywords=1557863687\&index=books\&linkCode=qs},
	Citeulike-Linkout-9 = {http://www.librarything.com/isbn/1557863687},
	Date-Added = {2013-08-23 22:03:28 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2013-08-23 22:05:01 +0000},
	Day = {01},
	Edition = {Revised},
	Howpublished = {Paperback},
	Isbn = {1557863687},
	Month = sep,
	Posted-At = {2005-05-16 22:27:27},
	Priority = {0},
	Publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell},
	Title = {{Coercion, Capital and European States: AD 990 - 1992 (Studies in Social Discontinuity)}},
	Year = {1992},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.worldcat.org/isbn/1557863687}}

@article{evans:89,
	Abstract = {{Disappointment over the contributions of Third World state apparatuses to industrial transformation and the increasing intellectual dominance of \"neoutiliarian\" paradigms in the social science has made if fashionable to castigate the Third World state as \"predatory\" and \"rent seeking.\" This paper argues for a more differentiated view, one that connects differences in performance to differences in state structure. The \"incoherent absolutist domination\" of the \"klepto-patrimonial\" Zairian state are contrasted to the \"embedded autonomy\" of the East Asian developmental state. Then the internal structure and external ties of an intermediate state -- Brazil -- are analyzed in relation to both polar types. The comparative evidence suggests that the efficacy of the developmental state depends on a meritocratic bureaucracy with a strong sense of corporate identity and a dense set of institutionalized links to private elites.}},
	Author = {Evans, Peter B.},
	Citeulike-Article-Id = {174728},
	Citeulike-Linkout-0 = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/684425},
	Date-Added = {2013-08-23 22:02:17 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2013-08-23 22:02:30 +0000},
	Journal = {Sociological Forum},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {561--587},
	Posted-At = {2005-04-29 23:23:05},
	Priority = {2},
	Title = {{Predatory, Developmental, and Other Apparatuses: A Comparative Political Economy Perspective on the Third World State}},
	Url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/684425},
	Volume = {4},
	Year = {1989},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/684425}}

@book{boix:03,
	Abstract = {{Employing analytical tools borrowed from game theory, Carles Boix offers a
complete theory of political transitions. It is one in which political regimes
ultimately depend on the nature of economic assets, their distribution among
individuals, and the balance of power among different social groups. Backed by
detailed historical research and extensive statistical analysis from the mid-
nineteenth century, the study reveals why democracy emerged in classical
Athens. It also covers the early triumph of democracy in nineteenth-century
agrarian Norway, Switzerland and northeastern America as well as its failure
in countries with a powerful landowning class.}},
	Author = {Boix, Carles},
	Citeulike-Article-Id = {2983146},
	Citeulike-Linkout-0 = {http://www.amazon.ca/exec/obidos/redirect?tag=citeulike09-20\&path=ASIN/0521532671},
	Citeulike-Linkout-1 = {http://www.amazon.de/exec/obidos/redirect?tag=citeulike01-21\&path=ASIN/0521532671},
	Citeulike-Linkout-2 = {http://www.amazon.fr/exec/obidos/redirect?tag=citeulike06-21\&path=ASIN/0521532671},
	Citeulike-Linkout-3 = {http://www.amazon.jp/exec/obidos/ASIN/0521532671},
	Citeulike-Linkout-4 = {http://www.amazon.co.uk/exec/obidos/ASIN/0521532671/citeulike00-21},
	Citeulike-Linkout-5 = {http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/redirect?tag=citeulike07-20\&path=ASIN/0521532671},
	Citeulike-Linkout-6 = {http://www.worldcat.org/isbn/0521532671},
	Citeulike-Linkout-7 = {http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN0521532671},
	Citeulike-Linkout-8 = {http://www.amazon.com/gp/search?keywords=0521532671\&index=books\&linkCode=qs},
	Citeulike-Linkout-9 = {http://www.librarything.com/isbn/0521532671},
	Date-Added = {2013-08-23 22:00:01 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2013-08-23 22:00:28 +0000},
	Day = {21},
	Howpublished = {Paperback},
	Isbn = {0521532671},
	Month = jul,
	Posted-At = {2010-08-23 03:31:17},
	Priority = {2},
	Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	Title = {{Democracy and Redistribution (Cambridge Studies in Comparative Politics)}},
	Url = {http://www.worldcat.org/isbn/0521532671},
	Year = {2003},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.worldcat.org/isbn/0521532671}}

@techreport{acemoglu:09,
	Author = {Acemoglu, Daron and Robinson, James A and Santos, Rafael},
	Date-Added = {2013-08-23 21:44:15 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2013-08-23 21:56:20 +0000},
	Institution = {National Bureau of Economic Research},
	Title = {The Monopoly of Violence: Evidence from Colombia},
	Url = {http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1522367},
	Year = {2009},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1522367}}

@book{herbst:00,
	Abstract = {{<p>Theories of international relations, assumed to be universally applicable, have failed to explain the creation of states in Africa. There, the interaction of power and space is dramatically different from what occurred in Europe. In his groundbreaking book, Jeffrey Herbst places the African state-building process in a truly comparative perspective, examining the problem of state consolidation from the precolonial period, through the short but intense interlude of European colonialism, to the modern era of independent states. Herbst's bold contention--that the conditions now facing African state-builders existed long before European penetration of the continent--is sure to provoke controversy, for it runs counter to the prevailing assumption that colonialism changed everything.</p><p>In identifying how the African state-building process differs from the European experience, Herbst addresses the fundamental problem confronting African leaders: how to extend authority over sparsely settled lands. Indeed, efforts to exert control over vast, inhospitable territories of low population density and varied environmental and geographical zones have resulted in devastating wars, millions of refugees, and dysfunctional governments perpetrating destructive policies.</p><p>Detailing the precise political calculations of distinct African leaders, Herbst isolates the basic dynamics of African state development. In analyzing how these leaders have attempted to consolidate power, he is able to evaluate a variety of policy alternatives for dealing with the fundamental political challenges facing African states today.</p>}},
	Author = {Herbst, Jeffrey},
	Citeulike-Article-Id = {577878},
	Citeulike-Linkout-0 = {http://www.amazon.ca/exec/obidos/redirect?tag=citeulike09-20\&amp;path=ASIN/0691010285},
	Citeulike-Linkout-1 = {http://www.amazon.de/exec/obidos/redirect?tag=citeulike01-21\&amp;path=ASIN/0691010285},
	Citeulike-Linkout-2 = {http://www.amazon.fr/exec/obidos/redirect?tag=citeulike06-21\&amp;path=ASIN/0691010285},
	Citeulike-Linkout-3 = {http://www.amazon.co.uk/exec/obidos/ASIN/0691010285/citeulike00-21},
	Citeulike-Linkout-4 = {http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/redirect?tag=citeulike07-20\&path=ASIN/0691010285},
	Citeulike-Linkout-5 = {http://www.worldcat.org/isbn/0691010285},
	Citeulike-Linkout-6 = {http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN0691010285},
	Citeulike-Linkout-7 = {http://www.amazon.com/gp/search?keywords=0691010285\&index=books\&linkCode=qs},
	Citeulike-Linkout-8 = {http://www.librarything.com/isbn/0691010285},
	Date-Added = {2013-08-23 21:40:25 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2013-08-23 22:06:59 +0000},
	Day = {06},
	Howpublished = {Paperback},
	Isbn = {0691010285},
	Month = mar,
	Posted-At = {2006-04-06 04:25:15},
	Priority = {2},
	Publisher = {Princeton University Press},
	Title = {{States and Power in Africa}},
	Url = {http://www.worldcat.org/isbn/0691010285},
	Year = {2000},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.worldcat.org/isbn/0691010285}}

@article{levi:81,
	Author = {Margaret Levi},
	Date-Added = {2013-08-23 21:32:23 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2013-08-28 16:07:10 +0000},
	Journal = {Politics \& Society},
	Month = {December},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {431--465},
	Title = {The Predatory Theory of Rule},
	Url = {http://pas.sagepub.com/content/10/4/431.citation},
	Volume = {10},
	Year = {1981},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://pas.sagepub.com/content/10/4/431.citation}}

@article{olson:93,
	Author = {Mancur Olson},
	Date-Added = {2013-08-23 21:28:45 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2013-08-23 21:30:16 +0000},
	Journal = {American Political Science Review},
	Month = {September},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {567--576},
	Title = {Dictatorship, Democracy, and Development},
	Url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/2938736},
	Volume = {87},
	Year = {1993},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/2938736}}

@techreport{AcemogluEgorov08,
	Abstract = {A central feature of dynamic collective decision-making is that the rules that govern the procedures for future decision-making and the distribution of political power across players are determined by current decisions. For example, current constitutional change must take into account how the new constitution may pave the way for further changes in laws and regulations. We develop a general framework for the analysis of this class of dynamic problems. Under relatively natural acyclicity assumptions, we provide a complete characterization of dynamically stable states as functions of the initial state and determine conditions for their uniqueness. We show how this framework can be applied in political economy, coalition formation, and the analysis of the dynamics of clubs. The explicit characterization we provide highlights two intuitive features of dynamic collective decision-making: (1) a social arrangement is made stable by the instability of alternative arrangements that are preferred by sufficiently many members of the society; (2) efficiency-enhancing changes are often resisted because of further social changes that they will engender.},
	Author = {Daron Acemoglu and Georgy Egorov and Konstantin Sonin},
	Institution = {National Bureau of Economic Research},
	Month = {August},
	Number = {14239},
	Series = {Working Paper Series},
	Title = {Dynamics and Stability of Constitutions, Coalitions, and Clubs},
	Type = {Working Paper},
	Url = {http://www.nber.org/papers/w14239},
	Year = {2008},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.nber.org/papers/w14239}}

@article{KuranWP1991,
	Abstract = {{Like many major revolutions in history, the East European Revolution of 1989 caught its leaders, participants, victims, and observers by surprise. This paper offers and explanation whose crucial feature is a distinction between private and public preferences. By suppressing their antipathies to the political status quo, the East Europeans misled everyone, including themselves, as to the possibility of a successful uprising. In effect, they conferred on their privately despised governments an aura of invincibility. Under the circumstances, public opposition was poised to grow explosively if ever enough people lost their fear of exposing their private preferences. The currently popular theories of revolution do not make clear why uprisings easily explained in retrospect may not have been anticipated. The theory developed here fills this void. Among its predictions is that political revolutions will inevitably continue to catch the world by surprise.}},
	Author = {Kuran, Timur},
	Citeulike-Article-Id = {5433535},
	Citeulike-Linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2010422},
	Citeulike-Linkout-1 = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/2010422},
	Doi = {10.2307/2010422},
	Issn = {00438871},
	Journal = {World Politics},
	Keywords = {protest},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {7--48},
	Posted-At = {2009-08-13 23:46:02},
	Priority = {2},
	Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	Title = {{Now Out of Never: The Element of Surprise in the East European Revolution of 1989}},
	Url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2010422},
	Volume = {44},
	Year = {1991},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2010422}}

@article{north1989constitutions,
	Author = {North, Douglass C and Weingast, Barry R},
	Date-Modified = {2014-09-08 11:55:47 +0000},
	Journal = {The Journal of Economic History},
	Number = {04},
	Pages = {803--832},
	Publisher = {Cambridge Univ Press},
	Title = {Constitutions and commitment: the evolution of institutions governing public choice in seventeenth-century England},
	Url = {http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=4161868&fileId=S0022050700009451},
	Volume = {49},
	Year = {1989},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=4161868&fileId=S0022050700009451}}

@article{milgrom_et_al:90,
	Abstract = {{A good reputation can be an effective bond for honest behavior in a community of traders if members of the community know how others have behaved in the past 2013 even if any particular pair of traders meets only infrequently. In a large community, it would be impossibly costly for traders to be perfectly informed about each other's behavior, but there exist institutions that can restore the effectiveness of a reputation system using much less extensive information. The system of judges used to enforce commercial law before the rise of the state was such an institution, and it successfully encouraged merchants (1) to behave honestly, (2) to impose sanctions on violators, (3) to become adequately informed about how others had behaved, (4) to provide evidence against violators of the code, and (5) to pay any judgments assessed against them, even though each of these behaviors might be personally costly.}},
	Address = {Department of Economics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305; Department of Economics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130; Hoover Institution on War, Revolution and Peace, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305},
	Author = {Milgrom, Paul R. and North, Douglass C. and Weingast, Barry R.},
	Citeulike-Article-Id = {5249446},
	Citeulike-Linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0343.1990.tb00020.x},
	Citeulike-Linkout-1 = {http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/abstract/119383680/ABSTRACT},
	Date-Added = {2013-08-23 21:14:35 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2013-08-23 21:15:08 +0000},
	Doi = {10.1111/j.1468-0343.1990.tb00020.x},
	Issn = {1468-0343},
	Journal = {Economics \& Politics},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {1--23},
	Posted-At = {2009-10-12 13:34:17},
	Priority = {0},
	Title = {THE ROLE OF INSTITUTIONS IN THE REVIVAL OF TRADE: THE LAW MERCHANT, PRIVATE JUDGES, AND THE CHAMPAGNE FAIRS},
	Url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0343.1990.tb00020.x},
	Volume = {2},
	Year = {1990},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0343.1990.tb00020.x}}

@article{pande:03,
	Author = {Rohini Pande},
	Date-Added = {2013-08-23 21:10:51 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2013-08-28 16:01:53 +0000},
	Journal = {The American Economic Review},
	Month = {September},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {1132--1151},
	Title = {Can Mandated Political Representation Increase Policy Influence for Disadvantaged Minorities? Theory and Evidence from India},
	Url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/3132282},
	Volume = {93},
	Year = {2003},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/3132282}}

@article{huber:96,
	Abstract = {{I present a formal model of the confidence vote procedure, an institutional arrangement that permits a prime minister to attach the fate of a particular policy to a vote on government survival. The analysis indicates that confidence vote procedures make it possible for prime ministers to exercise significant control over the nature of policy outcomes, even when these procedures are not actually invoked. Neither cabinet ministers, through their authority over specific portfolios, nor members of parliament, through the use of no-confidence motions, can counteract the prime minister's policy control on the floor of parliament. The analysis also illuminates the circumstances under which prime ministers should invoke confidence vote procedures, focusing attention on the position-taking incentives of the parties that support the government, rather than on the level of policy conflict between the government and parliament.}},
	Author = {Huber, John D.},
	Citeulike-Article-Id = {3244681},
	Citeulike-Linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2082884},
	Citeulike-Linkout-1 = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/2082884},
	Date-Added = {2013-08-23 16:26:26 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2013-08-28 15:58:21 +0000},
	Doi = {10.2307/2082884},
	Issn = {00030554},
	Journal = {The American Political Science Review},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {269--282},
	Posted-At = {2012-01-26 10:19:16},
	Priority = {4},
	Publisher = {American Political Science Association},
	Title = {{The Vote of Confidence in Parliamentary Democracies}},
	Url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/2082884},
	Volume = {90},
	Year = {1996},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2082884}}

@book{laver_shepsle:96,
	Abstract = {{Making and Breaking Governments offers a theoretical argument about how parliamentary democracy works. The authors formulate a theoretical model of how parties create new governments and either maintain them in office or, after a resignation or no-confidence vote, replace them. The theory involves strategic interaction, derives consequences, formulates empirical hypotheses on the basis of these, and tests the hypotheses with data drawn from the postwar European experience with parliamentary democracy.}},
	Author = {Laver, Michael and Shepsle, Kenneth},
	Citeulike-Article-Id = {3574152},
	Citeulike-Linkout-0 = {http://www.amazon.ca/exec/obidos/redirect?tag=citeulike09-20\&amp;path=ASIN/0521438365},
	Citeulike-Linkout-1 = {http://www.amazon.de/exec/obidos/redirect?tag=citeulike01-21\&amp;path=ASIN/0521438365},
	Citeulike-Linkout-2 = {http://www.amazon.fr/exec/obidos/redirect?tag=citeulike06-21\&amp;path=ASIN/0521438365},
	Citeulike-Linkout-3 = {http://www.amazon.jp/exec/obidos/ASIN/0521438365},
	Citeulike-Linkout-4 = {http://www.amazon.co.uk/exec/obidos/ASIN/0521438365/citeulike00-21},
	Citeulike-Linkout-5 = {http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/redirect?tag=citeulike07-20\&path=ASIN/0521438365},
	Citeulike-Linkout-6 = {http://www.worldcat.org/isbn/0521438365},
	Citeulike-Linkout-7 = {http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN0521438365},
	Citeulike-Linkout-8 = {http://www.amazon.com/gp/search?keywords=0521438365\&index=books\&linkCode=qs},
	Citeulike-Linkout-9 = {http://www.librarything.com/isbn/0521438365},
	Date-Added = {2013-08-23 16:08:36 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2013-08-23 16:08:56 +0000},
	Day = {26},
	Howpublished = {Paperback},
	Isbn = {0521438365},
	Month = jan,
	Posted-At = {2008-11-18 12:05:13},
	Priority = {2},
	Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	Title = {{Making and Breaking Governments: Cabinets and Legislatures in Parliamentary Democracies (Political Economy of Institutions and Decisions)}},
	Url = {http://www.worldcat.org/isbn/0521438365},
	Year = {1996},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.worldcat.org/isbn/0521438365}}

@book{laver_shepsle:94,
	Abstract = {{One of the key constitutional features of a parliamentary democracy is that the political executive, or cabinet, derives its mandate from-and is politically responsible to-the legislature. What makes a parliamentary democracy democratic is that, once a legislative election has been held, the new legislature has the power to dismiss the incumbent executive and replace it with a new one. Moreover, it sits essentially as a court, passing continual judgment on the record of the executive, and continuous sentence on its future prospects. That is how citizens, indirectly, choose and control their government. But the relationship between legislature and executive is not one- sided. The executive typically has the authority to recommend dissolution of parliament and is usually drawn from the parliament. Executive personnel, therefore, have intimate familiarity with parliamentary practices; and for their part, parliamentary personnel aspire to executive appointments. Surprisingly little is known about the constitutional relationship between legislature and executive in parliamentary regimes; the present volume seeks to remedy this. Leading specialists on institutional politics in the major parliamentary democracies have been encouraged to describe legislative- executive interactions in terms of a common theoretical framework. The country-specific chapters have, as their central themes, cabinet decision making and cabinet relationships with the parliament, parliamentary parties, and the permanent civil service. The editors have provided a theoretical overview at the outset and, in their conclusion, have made theoretical sense of the empirical variation in parliamentary practices.}},
	Author = {Laver, Michael and Shepsle, Kenneth A.},
	Citeulike-Article-Id = {3404712},
	Citeulike-Linkout-0 = {http://www.amazon.ca/exec/obidos/redirect?tag=citeulike09-20\&amp;path=ASIN/0521432464},
	Citeulike-Linkout-1 = {http://www.amazon.de/exec/obidos/redirect?tag=citeulike01-21\&amp;path=ASIN/0521432464},
	Citeulike-Linkout-2 = {http://www.amazon.fr/exec/obidos/redirect?tag=citeulike06-21\&amp;path=ASIN/0521432464},
	Citeulike-Linkout-3 = {http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/redirect?tag=citeulike07-20\&path=ASIN/0521432464},
	Citeulike-Linkout-4 = {http://www.worldcat.org/isbn/0521432464},
	Citeulike-Linkout-5 = {http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN0521432464},
	Citeulike-Linkout-6 = {http://www.amazon.com/gp/search?keywords=0521432464\&index=books\&linkCode=qs},
	Citeulike-Linkout-7 = {http://www.librarything.com/isbn/0521432464},
	Date-Added = {2013-08-23 16:05:35 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2013-08-23 16:05:52 +0000},
	Day = {30},
	Howpublished = {Hardcover},
	Isbn = {0521432464},
	Month = sep,
	Posted-At = {2008-10-14 14:56:27},
	Priority = {0},
	Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	Series = {The Political Economy of Institutions and Decisions},
	Title = {{Cabinet Ministers and Parliamentary Government}},
	Url = {http://www.worldcat.org/isbn/0521432464},
	Year = {1994},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.worldcat.org/isbn/0521432464}}

@article{ordeshook:94,
	Author = {Peter C. Ordeshook and Olga V. Shvetsova},
	Date-Added = {2013-08-23 16:01:01 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2013-08-23 16:03:49 +0000},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Month = {February},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {100--123},
	Title = {Ethnic Heterogeneity, District Magnitude, and the Number of Parties},
	Url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/2111337},
	Volume = {38},
	Year = {1994},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/2111337}}

@book{greif:06,
	Author = {Greif, Avner},
	Citeulike-Article-Id = {6440145},
	Citeulike-Linkout-0 = {http://www.amazon.ca/exec/obidos/redirect?tag=citeulike09-20\&amp;path=ASIN/0521480442},
	Citeulike-Linkout-1 = {http://www.amazon.de/exec/obidos/redirect?tag=citeulike01-21\&amp;path=ASIN/0521480442},
	Citeulike-Linkout-2 = {http://www.amazon.fr/exec/obidos/redirect?tag=citeulike06-21\&amp;path=ASIN/0521480442},
	Citeulike-Linkout-3 = {http://www.amazon.jp/exec/obidos/ASIN/0521480442},
	Citeulike-Linkout-4 = {http://www.amazon.co.uk/exec/obidos/ASIN/0521480442/citeulike00-21},
	Citeulike-Linkout-5 = {http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/redirect?tag=citeulike07-20\&path=ASIN/0521480442},
	Citeulike-Linkout-6 = {http://www.worldcat.org/isbn/0521480442},
	Citeulike-Linkout-7 = {http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN0521480442},
	Citeulike-Linkout-8 = {http://www.amazon.com/gp/search?keywords=0521480442\&index=books\&linkCode=qs},
	Citeulike-Linkout-9 = {http://www.librarything.com/isbn/0521480442},
	Date-Added = {2013-08-23 15:48:13 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2013-08-23 15:48:53 +0000},
	Day = {16},
	Edition = {illustrated edition},
	Howpublished = {Hardcover},
	Isbn = {0521480442},
	Month = jan,
	Posted-At = {2009-12-26 14:54:26},
	Priority = {3},
	Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	Title = {{Institutions and the Path to the Modern Economy: Lessons from Medieval Trade (Political Economy of Institutions and Decisions)}},
	Url = {http://www.worldcat.org/isbn/0521480442},
	Year = {2006},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.worldcat.org/isbn/0521480442}}

@article{david_paul:85,
	Author = {David, Paul A.},
	Citeulike-Article-Id = {610991},
	Citeulike-Linkout-0 = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/1805621},
	Citeulike-Linkout-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1805621},
	Citeulike-Linkout-2 = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/1805621},
	Date-Added = {2013-08-23 15:43:10 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2013-08-23 15:49:53 +0000},
	Doi = {10.2307/1805621},
	Issn = {00028282},
	Journal = {The American Economic Review},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {332--337},
	Posted-At = {2007-08-02 18:47:26},
	Priority = {0},
	Publisher = {American Economic Association},
	Title = {{Clio and the Economics of QWERTY}},
	Url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/1805621},
	Volume = {75},
	Year = {1985},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/1805621},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1805621}}

@article{riker:80,
	Abstract = {{While contemporary political science (as, for example, in such subjects as political socialization, studies of public opinion, etc.) tends to emphasize the study of values and tastes (because of an assumption that political outcomes--like market outcomes--are determined by the amalgamation of individual preferences), the older tradition of political science emphasized the study of institutions. The line of research in political theory followed during the last generation has involved seeking an equilibrium of tastes; but it has revealed that such an equilibrium exists only rarely, if at all. The inference then is that prudence in research directs the science of politics toward the investigation of empirical regularities in institutions, which, though congealed tastes, are "unstable constants" amenable to scientific investigation.}},
	Author = {Riker, William H.},
	Citeulike-Article-Id = {3822743},
	Citeulike-Linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1960638},
	Citeulike-Linkout-1 = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/1960638},
	Date-Added = {2013-08-23 15:41:17 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2013-08-23 15:41:45 +0000},
	Doi = {10.2307/1960638},
	Issn = {00030554},
	Journal = {The American Political Science Review},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {432--446},
	Posted-At = {2008-12-24 07:41:17},
	Priority = {4},
	Publisher = {American Political Science Association},
	Title = {{Implications from the Disequilibrium of Majority Rule for the Study of Institutions}},
	Url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/1960638},
	Volume = {74},
	Year = {1980},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1960638}}

@article{young:96,
	Author = {H. Peyton Young},
	Date-Added = {2013-08-23 15:37:38 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2013-08-24 18:50:52 +0000},
	Journal = {The Journal of Economic Perspectives},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {105--122},
	Title = {The Economics of Convention},
	Url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/2138484},
	Volume = {10},
	Year = {1996},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/2138484}}

@article{chattopadhyay_duflo:04,
	Author = {Chattopadhyay, Raghabendra and Duflo, Esther},
	Date-Added = {2013-08-23 15:28:40 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2013-08-28 15:40:51 +0000},
	Doi = {10.1111/j.1468-0262.2004.00539.x},
	Issn = {1468-0262},
	Journal = {Econometrica},
	Number = {5},
	Pages = {1409--1443},
	Publisher = {Blackwell Publishing Ltd},
	Title = {Women as Policy Makers: Evidence from a Randomized Policy Experiment in India},
	Url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/3598894},
	Volume = {72},
	Year = {2004},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0262.2004.00539.x}}

@article{lieberman:07,
	Author = {Evan Lieberman},
	Date-Added = {2013-08-23 15:24:19 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2013-08-23 15:25:46 +0000},
	Journal = {Comparative Political Studies},
	Month = {December},
	Number = {12},
	Pages = {1407--1432},
	Title = {Ethnic Politics, Risk, and Policy-Making: A Cross-National Statistical Analysis of Government Responses to HIV/AIDS},
	Url = {http://cps.sagepub.com/content/40/12/1407.short},
	Volume = {40},
	Year = {2007},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://cps.sagepub.com/content/40/12/1407.short}}

@incollection{lipset:67,
	Author = {Seymour M Lipset and Stein Rokkan},
	Booktitle = {Party Systems and Voter Alignments: Cross-National Perspectives},
	Date-Added = {2013-08-23 15:19:27 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2013-08-24 18:47:53 +0000},
	Editor = {Seymour M Lipset and Stein Rokkan},
	Publisher = {Free Press},
	Title = {Cleavage Structure, Party System and Voter Alignments: An Introduction},
	Year = {1967}}

@article{brubaker:02,
	Abstract = {{Despite a quarter-century of constructivist theorizing in the social sciences and humanities, ethnic groups continue to be conceived as entities and cast as actors. Journalists, policymakers, and researchers routinely frame accounts of ethnic, racial, and national conflict as the struggles of internally homogeneous, externally bounded ethnic groups, races, and nations. In doing so, they unwittingly adopt the language of participants in such struggles, and contribute to the reification of ethnic groups.  In this timely and provocative volume, Rogers Brubaker\&\#65533;well known for his work on immigration, citizenship, and nationalism\&\#65533;challenges this pervasive and commonsense \&\#65533;groupism.\&\#65533; But he does not simply revert to standard constructivist tropes about the fluidity and multiplicity of identity. Once a bracing challenge to conventional wisdom, constructivism has grown complacent, even clich\&\#65533;d. That ethnicity is constructed is commonplace; this volume provides new insights into how it is constructed. By shifting the analytical focus from identity to identifications, from groups as entities to group-making projects, from shared culture to categorization, from substance to process, Brubaker shows that ethnicity, race, and nation are not things in the world but perspectives on the world: ways of seeing, interpreting, and representing the social world. }},
	Author = {Brubaker, Rogers},
	Date-Added = {2013-08-23 15:08:44 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2013-08-28 21:16:07 +0000},
	Journal = {Archives Europeennes de Sociologie},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {163--189},
	Title = {Ethnicity Without Groups},
	Url = {http://search.proquest.com/docview/60454710?accountid=10226},
	Volume = {43},
	Year = {2002},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.worldcat.org/isbn/0674015398}}

@article{shayo:09,
	Abstract = {{This article develops a model for analyzing social identity and applies it to the political economy of income redistribution, focusing on class and national identities. The model attempts to distill major findings in social psychology into a parsimonious statement of what it means to identify with a group and what factors determine the groups with whom people identify. It then proposes an equilibrium concept where both identities and behavior are endogenously determined. Applying this model to redistribution helps explain three empirical patterns in modern democracies. First, national identification is more common among the poor than among the rich. Second, national identification tends to reduce support for redistribution. Third, across democracies there is a strong negative relationship between the prevalence of national identification and the level of redistribution. The model further points to national eminence, national threats, and diversity within the lower class as factors that can reduce redistribution.}},
	Author = {Shayo, Moses},
	Citeulike-Article-Id = {8217629},
	Citeulike-Linkout-0 = {http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online\&aid=5832036},
	Citeulike-Linkout-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003055409090194},
	Date-Added = {2013-08-23 15:07:06 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2013-08-28 15:33:14 +0000},
	Doi = {10.1017/s0003055409090194},
	Journal = {American Political Science Review},
	Number = {02},
	Pages = {147--174},
	Posted-At = {2010-11-08 01:04:32},
	Priority = {2},
	Title = {{A Model of Social Identity with an Application to Political Economy: Nation, Class, and Redistribution}},
	Url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/27798495},
	Volume = {103},
	Year = {2009},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/27798495},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003055409090194}}

@article{druckman2004political,
	Author = {Druckman, James N},
	Journal = {American Political Science Review},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {671--686},
	Publisher = {Cambridge Univ Press},
	Title = {Political preference formation: Competition, deliberation, and the (ir) relevance of framing effects},
	Volume = {98},
	Year = {2004}}

@article{barabas2004deliberation,
	Author = {Barabas, Jason},
	Journal = {American Political Science Review},
	Number = {04},
	Pages = {687--701},
	Publisher = {Cambridge Univ Press},
	Title = {How deliberation affects policy opinions},
	Url = {http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=265366},
	Volume = {98},
	Year = {2004},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=265366}}

@article{ray2003parties,
	Author = {Ray, Leonard},
	Journal = {Journal of Politics},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {978--994},
	Publisher = {Wiley Online Library},
	Title = {{When parties matter: The conditional influence of party positions on voter opinions about European integration}},
	Volume = {65},
	Year = {2003}}

@book{hall:03,
	Author = {Hall, Peter A. and Soskice, David.},
	Date-Added = {2013-08-22 23:55:12 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2014-09-08 11:21:35 +0000},
	Isbn = {9780191647703},
	Publisher = {Oxford University Press},
	Title = {Varieties of Capitalism: The Institutional Foundations of Comparative Advantage},
	Year = {2003},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://books.google.com/books?id=EU02HzYJeFsC}}

@incollection{cameron:84,
	Author = {David Cameron},
	Booktitle = {Order and Conflict in Contemporary Capitalism},
	Date-Added = {2013-08-22 23:20:00 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2013-08-24 18:47:20 +0000},
	Editor = {John H. Goldethorpe},
	Pages = {143--178},
	Publisher = {Clarendon Press},
	Title = {{Social Democracy, Corporatism, Labor Quiescence, and the Representation of Economic Interest in Advanced Capitalist Society}},
	Year = {1984}}

@article{siegel:09,
	Author = {Siegel, David A.},
	Date-Added = {2013-08-22 23:16:38 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2013-08-22 23:16:55 +0000},
	Doi = {10.1111/j.1540-5907.2008.00361.x},
	Issn = {1540-5907},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {122--138},
	Publisher = {Blackwell Publishing Inc},
	Title = {Social Networks and Collective Action},
	Url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2008.00361.x},
	Volume = {53},
	Year = {2009},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2008.00361.x}}

@article{eguia:11,
	Author = {Eguia, Jon X},
	Date-Added = {2013-08-22 23:11:20 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2013-08-22 23:12:30 +0000},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Publisher = {Wiley Online Library},
	Title = {Endogenous parties in an assembly},
	Url = {http://as.nyu.edu/docs/IO/4823/epa10feb22.pdf},
	Year = {2011},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://as.nyu.edu/docs/IO/4823/epa10feb22.pdf}}

@article{humphreys_coalitions:08,
	Author = {Humphreys, Macartan},
	Date-Added = {2013-08-22 23:10:28 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2013-08-22 23:10:42 +0000},
	Journal = {Annu. Rev. Polit. Sci.},
	Pages = {351--386},
	Publisher = {Annual Reviews},
	Title = {Coalitions},
	Url = {http://www.columbia.edu/~mh2245/papers1/arps_coalitions.pdf},
	Volume = {11},
	Year = {2008},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.columbia.edu/~mh2245/papers1/arps_coalitions.pdf}}

@article{granovetter:78,
	Abstract = {{Models of collective behavior are developed for situations where actors have two alternatives and the costs and/or benefits of each depend on how many other actors choose which alternative. The key concept is that of "threshold": the number or proportion of others who must make one decision before a given actor does so; this is the point where net benefits begin to exceed net costs for that particular actor. Beginning with a frequency distribution of thresholds, the models allow calculation of the ultimate or "equilibrium" number making each decision. The stability of equilibrium results against various possible changes in threshold distributions is considered. Stress is placed on the importance of exact distributions distributions for outcomes. Groups with similar average preferences may generate very different results; hence it is hazardous to infer individual dispositions from aggregate outcomes or to assume that behavior was directed by ultimately agreed-upon norms. Suggested applications are to riot behavior, innovation and rumor diffusion, strikes, voting, and migration. Issues of measurement, falsification, and verification are discussed.}},
	Author = {Granovetter, Mark},
	Citeulike-Article-Id = {516571},
	Citeulike-Linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2778111},
	Citeulike-Linkout-1 = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/2778111},
	Date-Added = {2013-08-22 23:03:43 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2013-08-28 15:15:09 +0000},
	Doi = {10.2307/2778111},
	Issn = {00029602},
	Journal = {American Journal of Sociology},
	Number = {6},
	Pages = {1420--1443},
	Posted-At = {2012-06-06 07:57:52},
	Priority = {1},
	Publisher = {The University of Chicago Press},
	Title = {{Threshold Models of Collective Behavior}},
	Url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/2778111},
	Volume = {83},
	Year = {1978},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2778111}}

@book{shepsle:96,
	Author = {Shepsle, Ken A. and Bonchek, Mark S.},
	Citeulike-Article-Id = {2818430},
	Citeulike-Linkout-0 = {http://www.amazon.ca/exec/obidos/redirect?tag=citeulike09-20\&amp;path=ASIN/0393971074},
	Citeulike-Linkout-1 = {http://www.amazon.de/exec/obidos/redirect?tag=citeulike01-21\&amp;path=ASIN/0393971074},
	Citeulike-Linkout-2 = {http://www.amazon.fr/exec/obidos/redirect?tag=citeulike06-21\&amp;path=ASIN/0393971074},
	Citeulike-Linkout-3 = {http://www.amazon.jp/exec/obidos/ASIN/0393971074},
	Citeulike-Linkout-4 = {http://www.amazon.co.uk/exec/obidos/ASIN/0393971074/citeulike00-21},
	Citeulike-Linkout-5 = {http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/redirect?tag=citeulike07-20\&path=ASIN/0393971074},
	Citeulike-Linkout-6 = {http://www.worldcat.org/isbn/0393971074},
	Citeulike-Linkout-7 = {http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN0393971074},
	Citeulike-Linkout-8 = {http://www.amazon.com/gp/search?keywords=0393971074\&index=books\&linkCode=qs},
	Citeulike-Linkout-9 = {http://www.librarything.com/isbn/0393971074},
	Date-Added = {2013-08-22 23:01:32 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2013-08-22 23:01:56 +0000},
	Day = {19},
	Edition = {1},
	Howpublished = {Paperback},
	Isbn = {0393971074},
	Month = dec,
	Posted-At = {2008-05-21 08:23:44},
	Priority = {2},
	Publisher = {W. W. Norton},
	Title = {{Analyzing Politics: Rationality, Behavior, and Institutions}},
	Url = {http://www.worldcat.org/isbn/0393971074},
	Year = {1996},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.worldcat.org/isbn/0393971074}}

@article{mondak:10,
	Author = {Mondak, Jeffery J and Hibbing, Matthew V and Canache, Damarys and Seligson, Mitchell A and Anderson, Mary R},
	Date-Added = {2013-08-22 22:34:31 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2013-08-22 22:37:00 +0000},
	Journal = {American Political Science Review},
	Month = {February},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {85--110},
	Title = {Personality and Civic Engagement: An Integrative Framework for the Study of Trait Effects on Political Behavior},
	Url = {http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=7449400},
	Volume = {104},
	Year = {2010},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=7449400}}

@article{swidler:86,
	Abstract = {{Culture influences action not by providing the ultimate values toward which action is oriented, but by shaping a repertoire or \&quot;tool kit\&quot; of habits, skills, and styles from which people construct \&quot;strategies of action.\&quot; Two models of cultural influence are developed, for settled and unsettled cultural periods. In settled periods, culture independently influences action, but only by providing resources from which people can construct diverse lines of action. In unsettled cultural periods, explicit ideologies directly govern action, but structural opportunities for action determine which among competing ideologies survive in the long run. This alternative view of culture offers new opportunities for systematic, differentiated arguments about culture's causal role in shaping action.}},
	Author = {Swidler, Ann},
	Citeulike-Article-Id = {168530},
	Citeulike-Linkout-0 = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/2095521},
	Date-Added = {2013-08-22 22:31:02 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2013-08-22 22:31:16 +0000},
	Journal = {American Sociological Review},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {273--286},
	Posted-At = {2005-04-23 20:29:32},
	Priority = {2},
	Title = {{Culture in Action: Symbols and Strategies}},
	Url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/2095521},
	Volume = {51},
	Year = {1986},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/2095521}}

@article{inglehart:00,
	Author = {Ronald Inglehart},
	Date-Added = {2013-08-22 22:28:00 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2013-08-28 14:59:45 +0000},
	Journal = {The Washington Quarterly},
	Month = {Winter},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {215--228},
	Title = {Globalization and Postmodern Values},
	Url = {https://muse.jhu.edu/journals/washington_quarterly/v023/23.1inglehart.html},
	Volume = {23},
	Year = {2000},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {https://muse.jhu.edu/journals/washington_quarterly/v023/23.1inglehart.html}}

@article{tversky_kahneman:90,
	Abstract = {{Alternative descriptions of a decision problem often give rise to different preferences, contrary to the principle of invariance that underlies the rational theory of choice. Violations of this theory are traced to the rules that govern the framing of decision and to the psychophysical principles of evaluation embodied in prospect theory. Invariance and dominance are obeyed when their application is transparent and often violated in other situations. Because these rules are normatively essential but descriptively invalid, no theory of choice can be both normatively adequate and descriptively accurate.}},
	Author = {Tversky, Amos and Kahneman, Daniel},
	Citeulike-Article-Id = {282126},
	Citeulike-Linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2352759},
	Citeulike-Linkout-1 = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/2352759},
	Date-Added = {2013-08-22 22:24:31 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2013-08-28 14:57:27 +0000},
	Doi = {10.2307/2352759},
	Issn = {00219398},
	Journal = {The Journal of Business},
	Number = {4},
	Posted-At = {2007-06-16 10:04:25},
	Priority = {0},
	Publisher = {The University of Chicago Press},
	Title = {{Rational Choice and the Framing of Decisions}},
	Url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/2352759},
	Volume = {59},
	Year = {1986},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2352759}}

@article{arrow:94,
	Author = {Arrow, Kenneth J.},
	Citeulike-Article-Id = {1190769},
	Citeulike-Linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2117792},
	Citeulike-Linkout-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2117792},
	Citeulike-Linkout-2 = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/2117792},
	Comment = {{a definitive demolition of methodological individualism by a respected economist.}},
	Date-Added = {2013-08-22 22:21:32 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2013-08-28 14:56:33 +0000},
	Doi = {10.2307/2117792},
	Issn = {00028282},
	Journal = {The American Economic Review},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {1--9},
	Posted-At = {2007-03-28 06:18:37},
	Priority = {0},
	Publisher = {American Economic Association},
	Title = {{Methodological Individualism and Social Knowledge}},
	Url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/2117792},
	Volume = {84},
	Year = {1994},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2117792}}

@article{geddes:90,
	Author = {Barbara Geddes},
	Date-Added = {2013-08-22 21:52:27 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2013-08-28 14:50:56 +0000},
	Journal = {Political Analysis},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {131--150},
	Title = {How the Cases You Choose Affect the Answers You Get: Selection Bias in Comparative Politics},
	Url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/23317768},
	Volume = {2},
	Year = {1990},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://pan.oxfordjournals.org/content/2/1/131.full.pdf+html}}

@incollection{woods:09,
	Author = {Elizabeth Woods},
	Booktitle = {The Oxford Handbook of Comparative Politics},
	Date-Added = {2013-08-22 21:43:54 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2013-08-24 18:48:06 +0000},
	Editor = {Charles Boix and Susan C. Stokes},
	Pages = {123--146},
	Publisher = {Oxford University Press},
	Title = {Field Research},
	Year = {2009}}

@incollection{gerring:09,
	Author = {John Gerring},
	Booktitle = {The Oxford Handbook of Comparative Politics},
	Date-Added = {2013-08-22 21:37:51 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2013-08-24 18:47:34 +0000},
	Editor = {Charles Boix and Susan C. Stokes},
	Pages = {90--122},
	Publisher = {Oxford University Press},
	Title = {The Case Study: What it is and What it Does},
	Year = {2009}}

@article{lieberman:05,
	Abstract = {{despite repeated calls for the use of \&ldquo;mixed methods\&rdquo; in comparative analysis, political scientists have few systematic guides for carrying out such work. this paper details a unified approach which joins intensive case-study analysis with statistical analysis. not only are the advantages of each approach combined, but also there is a synergistic value to the nested research design: for example, statistical analyses can guide case selection for in-depth research, provide direction for more focused case studies and comparisons, and be used to provide additional tests of hypotheses generated from small-n research. small-n analyses can be used to assess the plausibility of observed statistical relationships between variables, to generate theoretical insights from outlier and other cases, and to develop better measurement strategies. this integrated strategy improves the prospects of making valid causal inferences in cross-national and other forms of comparative research by drawing on the distinct strengths of two important approaches.}},
	Author = {Lieberman, Evan S.},
	Citeulike-Article-Id = {4013150},
	Citeulike-Linkout-0 = {http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online\&aid=332888},
	Citeulike-Linkout-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003055405051762},
	Date-Added = {2013-08-22 03:31:10 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2013-08-28 14:32:54 +0000},
	Doi = {10.1017/s0003055405051762},
	Journal = {American Political Science Review},
	Number = {03},
	Pages = {435--452},
	Posted-At = {2009-02-05 15:56:04},
	Priority = {3},
	Title = {{Nested Analysis as a Mixed-Method Strategy for Comparative Research}},
	Url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/30038950},
	Volume = {99},
	Year = {2005},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003055405051762}}

@book{bdm03,
	Address = {Cambridge, MA},
	Author = {Bueno de Mesquita, Bruce and Smith, Alastair and Siverson, Randolph M. and Morrow, James D.},
	Date-Added = {2009-12-23 11:29:50 -0500},
	Date-Modified = {2009-12-23 11:29:51 -0500},
	Publisher = {MIT Press},
	Title = {The Logic of Political Survival},
	Year = {2003}}

@article{lupia_mccubbins:00,
	Author = {Lupia, Arthur and McCubbins, Mathew D.},
	Date-Added = {2009-12-23 11:29:50 -0500},
	Date-Modified = {2013-08-28 16:19:56 +0000},
	Journal = {European Journal of Political Research},
	Month = {May},
	Number = 3,
	Pages = {291--307},
	Title = {Representation or Abdication? How Citizens Use Information to Help Delegation Succeed},
	Url = {http://goo.gl/GRXIG1},
	Volume = 37,
	Year = 2000,
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://goo.gl/GRXIG1}}

@book{popkin:91,
	Address = {Chicago},
	Author = {Popkin, Samuel},
	Date-Added = {2009-12-23 11:29:50 -0500},
	Date-Modified = {2009-12-23 11:29:51 -0500},
	Publisher = {University of Chicago Press},
	Title = {{The Reasoning Voter: Communication and Persuasion in Presidential Campaigns}},
	Year = {1991}}

@article{wantchekon:03,
	Author = {Wantchekon, Leonard},
	Date-Added = {2009-12-23 11:29:50 -0500},
	Date-Modified = {2013-08-28 16:15:59 +0000},
	Journal = {World Politics},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {399--422},
	Title = {Clientelism and Voting Behavior: Evidence from a Field Experiment in Benin},
	Url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/25054228},
	Volume = 55,
	Year = 2003,
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/25054228}}

@article{weingast:97,
	Author = {Weingast, Barry R.},
	Date-Added = {2009-12-23 11:29:50 -0500},
	Date-Modified = {2013-08-28 17:19:35 +0000},
	Journal = {American Political Science Review},
	Month = {June},
	Number = 2,
	Pages = {245--63},
	Title = {The Political Foundations of Democracy and the Rule of Law},
	Url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/2952354},
	Volume = 91,
	Year = 1997,
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/2952354}}