Have concrete but more realistic and objective, cognitive processes.

Use drawings and models, use needle play, dolls to explain surgery.

Is able to compare objects and experiences

Relate care to other children's experiences; compare procedures one to another.

Views world more objectively, is able to understand another position.

Use films and group activities to add to repertoire of useful behaviors and establish role models.

Has knowledge of cause and effect that has progressed to deductive logical reasoning.

Explain what is happening logically; explain medications simply and straightforwardly.