Along with
further dissolution of the hydrates, the signal left by methane seep
communities comes in the form of crusts of calcium carbonate, as long
as the sites sit above the CCD. The
subsurface carbonates at this site yield
δ13C
values as light as –40.8% (Paull et al., 1995), indicating
derivation of the
carbonate carbon from microbial anaerobic methane oxidation. These
carbonates
were once thought to have been gas-hydrate-rafted dropstones; however,
submersible
observations suggest instead that the large carbonate blocks within the
depression
are likely to have formed at the sediment-water interface (Van Dover et
al.
2003). The carbonates were abundant with
fossilized clams and mussels, similar in structure to those found at
the
site.
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Picture of calcium carbonate with fossilized clams and mussels recovered on an Alvin dive at the gas hydrate site at the intersection of the Blake Ridge and Carolina Rise. Ruler is added for scale. (Van Dover et al. 2003). |