What  do these communities have in common?


  • The bacteria, that represent the bottom trophic level of all the communities, use chemicals (e.g. sulfate or methane) to create organic molecules
  • Some of the same bacteria species exist in multiple communities.  For example, the same bacteria species lives on whale falls and hydrothermal vents. 
  • Many of the small invertebrates have symbiotic bacteria inside them.  Moreover, the symbiotic bacteria are the same species or are very closely related to the same bacteria that form the large bacterial mats. 
  • Convergent evolution may explain the similarities of the macrofaunas.  This will need to be evaluated in the future. 
  • Communities change with a somewhat predictable succession of different communities.  The succession of communities can be separated by depth (sediments) or time (whales falls).
  • Most of the faunas (maybe even including the microbes) have opportunistic life strategies.  
  • The different communities last different temporal lengths.  For example, the whale fall communities last less than a thousand while the deep sediment bacteria communities may live up to tens of million years. 
 
Discussion
What do these communities tell us about the biomass of the deep ocean?
Future Directions and challenges


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