PUBLICATIONS LISTED BY CATEGORY

Richard W. Longman

 
Categories
Iterative Learning Control and Repetitive Control (ILC/RC)
Kinematics, Intelligent Mechanisms, Morphing Mechanisms
System Identification Structural Health Monitoring
Time Optimal Control of Robots, Optimal Path Planning
Robotics in Space
Walking, Hopping, Somersaulting Robots
Satellite Attitude Dynamics
Degree of Controllability and Observability Criteria for Sensor/Actuator Placement
Energy Optimal Control of Subways
Feedback Control of Plasma Physics Tokomaks

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Iterative Learning and Repetitive Control
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Some Basic or Overview Papers:
R. W. Longman, “On the Theory and Design of Repetitive Control Systems,” European Journal of Control, invited paper, under review.

R. W. Longman, “Iterative Learning Control and Repetitive Control for Engineering Practice,” International Journal of Control, Special Issue on Iterative Learning Control, Vol. 73, No. 10, July 2000, pp. 930-954.

R. W. Longman, “Designing Iterative Learning and Repetitive Controllers,” chapter in Iterative Learning Control: Analysis, Design, Integration and Applications, Bien and Xu editors, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston, 1998, pp. 107-146.
 
H. Elci, R. W. Longman, M. Q. Phan, J.-N. Juang, and R. Ugoletti, “Simple Learning Control Made Practical by Zero-Phase Filtering: Applications to Robotics” (invited paper), IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Fundamental Theory and Applications, Special Issue on Multidimensional Signals and Systems, Guest Editors: S. Basu and M. N. S. Swamy, Vol. 49, No. 6, June 2002, pp. 753-767. This is the journal version of: H. Elci, M. Phan, R. W. Longman, J.-N. Juang, and R. Ugoletti, “Experiments in the use of Learning Control for Maximum Precision Robot Trajectory Tracking,” Proceedings of the 1994 Conference on Information Sciences and Systems, Princeton, NJ, March 1994, pp. 951-958.
 
H. Elci, R. W. Longman, M. Phan, J.-N. Juang, and R. Ugoletti, “Discrete Frequency Based Learning Control for Precision Motion Control,” Proceedings of the 1994 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, San Antonio, TX, Oct. 1994, pp. 2767-2773.
 
H. Elci, R. W. Longman, M. Phan, J.-N. Juang, and R. Ugoletti, “Automated Learning Control through Model Updating for Precision Motion Control,” Adaptive Structures and Composite Materials: Analysis and Applications, ASME, AD-Vol. 45/MD-Vol. 54, Nov. 1994, pp. 299-314.
 
M. Q. Phan, R. W. Longman, and K. L. Moore, “Unified Formulation of Linear Iterative Learning Control,” Advances in the Astronautical Sciences, Vol. 105, 2000, pp. 93-111.
 
R. W. Longman and Y.-C. Huang, “The Phenomenon of Apparent Convergence followed by Divergence in Learning and Repetitive Control,” Intelligent Automation and Soft Computing, Special Issue on Learning and Repetitive Control, Guest Editor: H. S. M. Beigi, Vol. 8, No. 2, 2002, pp. 107-128.
(Earlier version: Y.-C. Huang and R. W. Longman, “The Source of the Often Observed Property of Initial Convergence Followed by Divergence in Learning and Repetitive Control,” Advances in the Astronautical Sciences, Vol. 90, 1996, pp. 555-572.)
 
B. Panomruttanarug and R. W. Longman, “Repetitive Controller Design Using Optimization in the Frequency Domain,” Proceedings of the 2004 AIAA/AAS Astrodynamics Specialist Conference, Providence, RI, August 2004.
 
Y.-P. Hsin and R. W. Longman, “Repetitive Control to Eliminate Periodic Measurement Disturbances: Application to Disk Drives,” Advances in the Astronautical Sciences, Vol. 114, 2003, pp. 135-150.
 
M. Phan and R. W. Longman, “A Mathematical Theory of Learning Control for Linear Discrete Multivariable Systems,” Proceedings of the AIAA/AAS Astrodynamics Conference, Minneapolis, Minnesota, August 1988, pp. 740-746. (Gives the supervector formulation for ILC.)
 
R. H. Middleton, G. C. Goodwin, and R. W. Longman, “A Method for Improving the Dynamic Accuracy of a Robot Performing a Repetitive Task,” International Journal of Robotics Research, Vol. 8, No. 5, October 1989, pp.67-74. (An earlier version is available as University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia, Department of Electrical Engineering Technical Report EE8546, 1985.)

Additional Papers:

R. W. Longman, “Repetitive Control Design Methodology for Enhanced Performance,” Symposium on Iterative Learning Control at the IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, Shanghai, China. (A shorter version of the European Journal of Control paper under review.)
 
M. Q. Phan, R. W. Longman, B. Panomruttanarug, and S. C. Lee, “Robustification of Iterative Learning Control and Repetitive Control by Averaging,” International Journal of Control, Special Issue, accepted for publication.
 
Y. Li and R. W. Longman, “Using Underspecification to Eliminate the Usual Instability of Digital System Inverse Models,” Advances in the Astronautical Sciences, Vol. 135, pp. 127-146, to appear.
 
J. W. Yeol, R. W. Longman, and H. G. Bock, “On the Relationships between Proofs of Convergence in Continuous Time and Discrete Time Iterative Learning Control,” Advances in the Astronautical Sciences, Vol. 135, pp. 1383-1400, to appear.
 
R. W. Longman and K. D. Mombaur, “Iterative Learning Control in Nonlinear Systems using State Estimation for Relinearization,” Advances in the Astronautical Sciences, Vol. 134, 2009, pp. 1721-1735.
 
K. Xu and R. W. Longman, “Use of Taylor Expansions of the Inverse Model to Design FIR Repetitive Controllers,” Advances in the Astronautical Sciences, Vol. 134, 2009, pp. 1073-1088. 
 
B. Panomruttanarug, R. W. Longman, and M. Q. Phan, “Multiple Model Robustification of Iterative Learning and Repetitive Control Laws Including Design from Frequency Response Data,” Advances in the Astronautical Sciences, Vol. 134, 2009, 2259-2278.
 
R. W. Longman, K. Xu, and B. Panomruttanarug, “Designing Learning Control that is Close to Instability for Improved Parameter Identification,” Modeling, Simulation and Optimization of Complex Processes, Bock, Kostina, Phu, and Rannacher Editors, Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg, 2008, pp. 359-370
 
B. Panomruttanarug and R. W. Longman, “Using a Kalman Filter to Attenuate Noise in Learning and Repetitive Control can Easily Degrade Performance,” Proceedings of the SICE Annual Conference 2008, (cosponsored by IEEE), Chofu, Tokyo, Japan, August 20-23.
 
J. Bao and R. W. Longman, “Enhancing of Repetitive Control using Specialized FIR Zero-Phase Filter Designs,” Advances in the Astronautical Sciences, Vol. 129, 2008, pp. 1413-1432.
 
H. M. Brown, M. Q. Phan, S. C. Lee, and R. W. Longman, “Robustified Repetitive Controllers with Monotonic Convergence for Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Systems,” Advances in the Astronautical Sciences, Vol. 129, 2008, pp. 1893-1912.
 
R. W. Longman, K. Xu, and M. Q. Phan, “Design of Repetitive Controllers in the Frequency Domain for Multi-Input Multi-Output Systems,” Advances in the Astronautical Sciences, Vol. 129, 2008, pp. 1593-1612.
 
B. Panomruttanarug and R. W. Longman, “The Advantages and Disadvantages of Kalman Filtering in Repetitive Control,” Advances in the Astronautical Sciences, Vol. 129, 2008, pp. 1433-1452.
 
Y. Li and R. W. Longman, “Addressing Problems of Instability in Intersample Error in Iterative Learning Control,” Advances in the Astronautical Sciences, Vol. 129, 2008, pp. 1571-1591.
 
A. P. Chinnan and R. W. Longman, “Designing Iterative Learning Controllers from Limited Pulse Response Data,” Advances in the Astronautical Sciences, Vol. 130, 2008, pp. 283-302.
 
R. W. Longman and K. D. Mombaur, “Implementing Linear Iterative Learning Control Laws in Nonlinear Systems,” Advances in the Astronautical Sciences, Vol. 130, 2008, pp. 303-324.
 
B. Panomruttanarug and R. W. Longman, “The Advantages and Disadvantages of Kalman Filtering in Iterative Learning Control,” Advances in the Astronautical Sciences, Vol. 130, 2008, pp. 347-365.
 
R. W. Longman, “The Fundamental Reliance of Iterative Learning Control on Stability Robustness,” Proceedings of the 14th Yale Workshop on Adaptive and Learning Systems, Yale University, New Haven, CN, June 2008, pp. 35-40.
 
J. W. Yeol, R. W. Longman, and Y. S. Ryu, “On the Settling Time in Repetitive Control Systems,” Proceedings of the 17th IFAC World Congress, Seoul, Korea, July 2008.
 
M. Q. Phan, H. M. Brown, S. C. Lee, and R. W. Longman, “Frequency Domain Based Design of Iterative Learning Controllers for Monotonic Convergence,” Proceedings of the 17th IFAC World Congress, Seoul, Korea, July 2008.
 
J. Bao, R. W. Longman, E. A. Kostina, D. W. Wang, Y. Wang, “Improved Repetitive Control Filter Design for Both Learning Frequency Cutoff and Interpolation,” Proceedings of the AIAA/AAS Astrodynamics Specialist Conference, Hawaii, August 2008.
 
R. W. Longman, J.-N. Juang, and M. Q. Phan, “On the Ill-Conditioning in MPC when used to Address the Repetitive Control Problem,” Proceedings of the AIAA/AAS Astrodynamics Specialist Conference, Hawaii, August 2008.
 
R. W. Longman, K. D. Mombaur, and B. Panomruttanarug, “Designing Iterative Learning Control Subject to Actuator Limitations Using QP Methods,” Proceedings of the AIAA/AAS Astrodynamics Specialist Conference, Hawaii, August 2008.
 
J. W. Yeol and R. W. Longman, “Time and Frequency Domain Evaluation of Settling Time in Repetitive Control,” Proceedings of the AIAA/AAS Astrodynamics Specialist Conference, Hawaii, August 2008.
 
R. W. Longman, J. W. Yeol, and Y. S. Ryu, “Placing the Repetitive Controller Inside of Outside the Feedback Loop: Simultaneously Achieving the Feedback and Repetitive Control Objectives,” Advances in the Astronautical Sciences, Vol. 127, 2007, pp. 1703-1722.
 
B. Panomruttanarug and R. W. Longman, “Designing Optimized FIR Repetitive Controllers from Noisy Frequency Response Data,” Advances in the Astronautical Sciences, Vol. 127, 2007, pp. 1723-1742.
 
R. W. Longman and W. Kang, “Issues in Robustification of Iterative Learning Control Using a Zero-Phase Filter Cutoff,” Advances in the Astronautical Sciences, Vol. 127, 2007, pp. 1683-1702.
 
R. W. Longman and J. Bao, “On the Periodic Images of Start-Up in Repetitive Control,” Advances in the Astronautical Sciences, Vol. 127, 2007, pp. 1743-1762.
 
Y. Li and R. W. Longman, “Better Holds Can Make Worse Intersample Error in Digital Learning Control,” Proceedings of the 2006 AIAA/AAS Astrodynamics Specialist Conference, Keystone, CO, Aug. 2006
 
K. Chen, R. W. Longman, and M. Q. Phan, “On the Relationship Between Repetitive Control and Model Predictive Control,” Proceedings of the 2006 AIAA/AAS Astrodynamics Specialist Conference, Keystone, CO, Aug. 2006.
 
R. W. Longman, T. Kwon, D. Wang, and Y. Ye, “Practical, Model-Free, Completely Robust Learning Control using Reversed Time Input Runs,” Proceedings of the 2006 AIAA/AAS Astrodynamics Specialist Conference, Keystone, CO, Aug. 2006.

R. W. Longman, J. W. Yeol, and Y. S. Ryu, “Tuning and Performance of Robust Multiple-Period Repetitive Control,” Advances in the Astronautical Sciences, Vol. 124, 2006, pp. 687-705.

 

B. Panomruttanarug and R. W. Longman, “Converting Repetitive Control into Stable Learning Control by Iterative Adjustment of Initial State,” Advances in the Astronautical Sciences, Vol. 124, 2006, pp. 667-686.

 
S. C. Lee, M. Q. Phan, and R. W. Longman, “Multiple-Model Design of Robustified Repetitive Controllers with Optimized Convergence Rate,” Proceedings of the 2006 AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference, Keystone, CO, Aug. 2006.
 
R. W. Longman, J. W. Yeol, and Y. S. Ryu, “Improved Methods to Cancel Multiple Unrelated Periodic Disturbances by Repetitive Control,” Advances in the Astronautical Sciences, Vol. 123, 2006, pp. 199-218.
 
B. Panomruttanarug and R. W. Longman, “Frequency Based Optimal Design of FIR Zero-Phase Filters and Compensators for Robust Repetitive Control,” Advances in the Astronautical Sciences, Vol. 123, 2006, pp. 219-238.
 
R. W. Longman, T. Kwon, and P. A. LeVoci, “Making the Learning Control Problem Well Posed – Stabilizing Intersample Error,” Advances in the Astronautical Sciences, Vol. 123, 2006, pp. 1143-1162.
 
W. Kang and R. W. Longman, “The Effect of Interpolation on Stability and Performance in Repetitive Control,” Advances in the Astronautical Sciences, Vol. 123, 2006, pp. 1163-1182.
 
C.-P. Lo and R. W. Longman, “Frequency Response Analysis of Higher Order Repetitive Control,” Advances in the Astronautical Sciences, Vol. 123, 2006, pp. 1183-1202.
 
R. W. Longman  and M. Q. Phan, “Iterative Learning Control as a Method of Experiment Design for Improved System Identification,” Special Issue on Parameter Estimation and Experiment Design, Optimization Methods and Software, Taylor and Francis Publishers, Vol. 21, No. 6, Dec. 2006, pp. 919-941
 
R. W. Longman and K. D. Mombaur, “Investigating the Use of Iterative Learning Control and Repetitive Control to Implement Periodic Gaits,” Fast Motions in Biomechanics and Robotics, Optimization and Feedback Control, M. Diehl and K. Mombaur, Editors, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2006, pp. 189-218.
 
N. Phetkong, M. S. Chew, and R. W. Longman, “Morphing Mechanisms Part 1: Using Iterative Learning Control to Morph Cam Follower Motion,” American Journal of Applied Sciences, Vol. 2, No. 5, 2005, pp. 897-903.
 
N. Phetkong, M. S. Chew, and R. W. Longman, “Morphing Mechanisms Part 2: Using Repetitive Control to Morph Cam Follower Motion,” American Journal of Applied Sciences, Vol. 2, No. 5, 2005, pp. 904-909.
 
M. Nagashima and R. W. Longman, “Comparison of Methods for Rejecting Multiple Frequency Disturbances with Frequency Tracking,” Advances in the Astronautical Sciences, Vol. 120, 2005, pp. 2061-2080.
 
M. Nagashima and R. W. Longman, “Cancellation of Unknown Periodic Disturbances by PLL/Adaptive Matched Basis Function Repetitive Control,” Advances in the Astronautical Sciences, Vol. 120, 2005, pp. 2041-2060.
 
R. W. Longman, P. A. LeVoci, and T. Kwon, “Making the Impossible Possible in Iterative Learning Control,” Proceedings of the Thirteenth Yale Workshop on Adaptive and Learning Systems, Center for System Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT, May-June 2005, pp. 99-106.
 
R. W. Longman and M. Q. Phan, “Experiment Design Using Iterative Learning Control for Improved Identification of Linear Systems,” Advances in the Astronautical Sciences, Vol. 120, 2005, pp. 1003-1021.
 
C.-P. Lo and R. W. Longman, “Root Locus Analysis of Higher Order Repetitive Control,” Advances in the Astronautical Sciences, Vol. 120,  2005, pp. 2021-2040.
 
K. Takanishi, M. Q. Phan, and R. W. Longman, “Multiple-Model Probabilistic Design of Robust Iterative Learning Controllers,” Transactions of the North American Manufacturing Research Institution, Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Vol. 33, May 2005, pp. 533-540.
 
C.-P. Lo and R. W. Longman, “Designing Root Locus Departure Angle Compensators in Repetitive Control Based on Error Spectrum,” Advances in the Astronautical Sciences, Vol. 119, 2005, pp. 1389-1408.
 
K. Takanishi, M. Q. Phan, and R. W. Longman, “Design of an Optimal Combination of Feedback and Iterative Learning Controllers,” Advances in the Astronautical Sciences, Vol. 119, 2005, pp. 789-800.
 
S. J. Oh and R. W. Longman, “Stability of Higher Order Repetitive Control,” Modeling, Simulation and Optimization of Complex Systems, H. G. Bock, E. Kostina, H. X. Phu, and R. Rannacher, Editors, Springer Verlag, Heidelberg, Germany, 2005, pp. 383-392.
 
K. Chen and R. Longman, “Stabilization of Learning Control in the Presence of Parasitic Poles for Short Time Trajectories,” Advances in the Astronautical Sciences, Vol. 119, 2005, pp. 1561-1580.
 
M. Nagashima and R. W. Longman, “Stability and Performance Analysis of Matched Basis Function Repetitive Control in the Frequency Domain,” Advances in the Astronautical Sciences, Vol. 119, 2005, pp. 1581-1600.
 
R. W. Longman and B. Panomruttanarug, “Design of a Non-Causal FIR Model Inverse as a Compensator in Repetitive Control,” Modeling, Simulation and Optimization of Complex Systems, H. G. Bock, E. Kostina, H. X. Phu, and R. Rannacher, Editors, Springer Verlag, Heidelberg, Germany, 2005, pp. 297-306.
 
H.-J. Chen, R. W. Longman, M.-S. Chew, “Eliminating Structural Error in Real-Time Adjustable Four-Bar Path Generators using Iterative Learning Control,” Proceedings of the 28th Biennial Mechanisms and Robotics Conference, ASME Design Engineering Technical Conference DETC2004-57573, Salt Lake City, Utah, Sept. 28-Oct. 3, 2004.
 
M. S. Chew, R. W. Longman, and M. Q. Phan, “Intelligent Mechanisms,” Proceedings of the 28th Biennial Mechanisms and Robotics Conference, ASME Design Engineering Technical Conference DETC2004-57553, Salt Lake City, Utah, Sept. 28-Oct. 3, 2004.
 
P. A. LeVoci and R. W. Longman, “Intersample Error in Discrete Time Learning and Repetitive Control,” Proceedings of the 2004 AIAA/AAS Astrodynamics Specialist Conference, Providence, RI, August 2004.
 
S. J. Oh, R. W. Longman, and Y.-P. Hsin, “The Possible Block Diagram Configurations for Repetitive Control to Cancel Periodic Plant or Measurement Disturbances,” Proceedings of the 2004 AIAA/AAS Astrodynamics Specialist Conference, Providence, RI, August 2004.
 
S. J. Oh and R. W. Longman, “Analysis of Stability and Performance in Higher Order Repetitive Control,” Advances in the Astronautical Sciences, Vol. 116, 2004, pp. 1291-1310.
 
P. A. LeVoci and R. W. Longman, “Frequency Domain Prediction of Final Error due to Quantization in Learning and Repetitive Control,” Advances in the Astronautical Sciences, Vol. 116, 2004, pp. 1311-1330.
 
R. W. Longman, “Approaches to Iterative Learning Control for Short Trajectories,” Proceedings of the Twelfth Yale Workshop on Adaptive and Learning Systems, Yale University, May 2003, pp. 115-122.
 
M. Q. Phan, R. W. Longman, S. C. Lee, and J.-W. Lee, “System Identification from Multiple-Trial Data Corrupted by Non-Repeating Periodic Disturbances,” International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Vol. 13, No. 2, 2003, pp. 185-192.
 
R. W. Longman, Y.-T. Peng, T. Kwon, H. Lus, R. Betti, and J.-N. Juang, “Adaptive Inverse Iterative Learning Control,” Advances in the Astronautical Sciences, Vol. 114, 2003, pp. 115-134.
 
K. Chen and R. W. Longman, “Creating Short Time Equivalents of Frequency Cutoff for Robustness in Learning Control,” Advances in the Astronautical Sciences, Vol. 114, 2003, pp. 95-114.
 
M. Nagashima and R. W. Longman, “The Effect of Averaging in Matched Basis Function Real Time Repetitive Control,” Advances in the Astronautical Sciences, Vol. 114, 2003, pp. 75-94.
 
S. Songschon and R. W. Longman, “Comparison of the Stability Boundary and the Frequency Response Stability Condition in Learning and Repetitive Control,” International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Vol. 13, No. 2, 2003, pp. 169-177.
 
R. W. Longman, “On the Interaction Between Theory, Experiments, and Simulation in Developing Practical Learning Control Algorithms,” Special Issue: Multidimensional Systems nD and Iterative Learning Control, K. Galkowski, R. W. Longman, and E. Rogers, Editors, International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Vol. 13, No. 1, 2003, pp. 101-111.
 
K. E. Avrachenkov and R. W. Longman, “Iterative Learning Control for Over-Determined, Under-Determined, and Ill-Conditioned Systems,” Special Issue: Multidimensional Systems nD and Iterative Learning Control, K. Galkowski, R. W. Longman, and E. Rogers, Editors, International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Vol. 13, No. 1, 2003, pp. 113-122.
 
R. W. Longman and T. Kwon, “Obtaining Good Transients in Iterative Learning Control Using Step Response Data,” Proceedings of the AIAA/AAS Astrodynamics Specialist Conference, Monterey, CA, August 2002.
 
S. J. Oh and R. W. Longman, “Methods of Real-Time Zero-Phase Low-Pass Filtering for Robust Repetitive Control,” Proceedings of the AIAA/AAS Astrodynamics Specialist Conference, Monterey, CA, August 2002.
 
P. A. LeVoci and R. W. Longman, “Time Domain Prediction of Final Error Due to Noise in Learning and Repetitive Control,” Proceedings of the AIAA/AAS Astrodynamics Specialist Conference, Monterey, CA, August 2002.
 
M. Q. Phan and R. W. Longman, “Higher-Order Iterative Learning Control by Pole Placement and Noise Filtering,” paper in invited session on higher-order learning control, Proceedings of the 2002 IFAC World Congress, Barcelona Spain, July 2002.
 
S. C. Lee, R. W. Longman, and M. Q. Phan, “Direct Model Reference Learning and Repetitive Control,” Intelligent Automation and Soft Computing, Special Issue on Learning and Repetitive Control, Guest Editor: H. S. M. Beigi, Vol. 8, No. 2, 2002, pp. 143-161.
 
K. Avrachenkov, H. S. M. Beigi, and R. W. Longman, “Updating Procedures for Iterative Learning Control in Hilbert Space,” Intelligent Automation and Soft Computing, Special Issue on Learning and Repetitive Control, Guest Editor: H. S. M. Beigi, Vol. 8, No. 2, 2002, pp. 183-189. (Conference version appears in Proceedings of the 38th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, Phoenix, AZ, 1999, pp. 276-280, and as IBM Research Report RC21558, 31 August 1999.)
 
H.-J. Chen, R. W. Longman, and B. N. Agrawal, “Approaches to Matched Basis Function Repetitive Control,” Advances in the Astronautical Sciences, Vol. 109, 2002, pp. 931-950.
 
K. Chen and R. W. Longman, “Stability Issues using FIR Filtering in Repetitive Control,” Advances in the Astronautical Sciences, Vol. 112, 2002, pp. 1321-1339.
 
P. LeVoci and R. W. Longman, “Frequency Domain Prediction of Final Error due to Noise in Learning and Repetitive Control,” Advances in the Astronautical Sciences, Vol. 112, 2002, pp. 1341-1359.
 
C.-P. Lo and R. W. Longman, “On the use of Root Locus Departure Angle Information to Design Compensators in Repetitive Control,” Advances in the Astronautical Sciences, Vol. 112, 2002, pp. 1383-1402.
 
R. W. Longman, “Iterative Learning Control: A Study of the Interplay between Theory, Simulation, and Experiments,” Proceedings of the Eleventh Yale Workshop on Adaptive and Learning Systems, Center for Systems Science, Yale University, June 2001, pp. 49-58.
 
R. A. Akogyeram, R. W. Longman, A. Hutton, and J.-N. Juang, “On the Choice of Method to Cancel 60Hz Disturbances in Beam Position and Energy,” Proceedings of the 2001 Particle Accelerator Conference, Chicago, 2001, pp. 1270-1272.
 
R. W. Longman, “Real Time IIR Zero-Phase Low-Pass Filtering for Robust Repetitive Control.” Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Control, Automation, Robotics and Vision, Singapore, 5-8 December 2000.
 
H.-P. Wen and R. W. Longman, “Repetitive Control Methods when the Disturbance Period is not an Integer Multiple of the Sample Time,” Advances in the Astronautical Sciences, Vol 108, 2002, pp. 1301-1320.
 
T. Songchon and R. W. Longman, “On the Waterbed Effect in Repetitive Control using Zero-Phase Filtering,” Advances in the Astronautical Sciences, Vol 108, 2002, pp. 1321-1340.
 
R. W. Longman, R. Akogyeram, A. Hutton, and J.-N. Juang, “Trade-Offs between Feedback, Feedforward, and Repetitive Control for Systems Subject to Periodic Disturbances,” Advances in the Astronautical Sciences, Vol 108, 2002, pp. 1281-1300.
 
H.-J. Chen, B. N. Agrawal, R. W. Longman, M. Q. Phan, and S. G. Edwards, “Rejection of Multiple Periodic Disturbances using MELMS with Disturbance Identification,” Advances in the Astronautical Sciences, Vol 108, 2002, pp. 587-606.
 
S. C. Lee, M. Q. Phan, R. W. Longman, and J.-W. Lee, “System and Disturbance Identification for Model-Based Learning and Repetitive Control,” Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Multidimensional (nD) Systems, Castle Czochia, Lower Silesia, Poland, June 2000, pp. 105-109.
 
R. W. Longman, “Iterative Learning Control – Dynamic Systems that Learn in Time and Repetitions,” Keynote Lecture, Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Multidimensional (nD) Systems, Castle Czochia, Lower Silesia, Poland, June 2000, pp. 55-65.
 
K. Avrachenkov and R. W. Longman, “Iterative Learning Control for Over-Determined, Under-Determined, and Ill Conditioned Systems,” Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Multidimensional (nD) Systems, Castle Czochia, Lower Silesia, Poland, June 2000, pp. 127-134.
 
R. W. Longman, R. Akogyeram, J.-N. Juang, and A. Hutton, “Control Law Design for Eliminating Periodic Disturbances above Nyquist Frequency,” Proceedings of the AIAA/AAS Astrodynamics Conference, Denver, CO, August 2000, pp. 418-432.
 
T. Songchon and R. W. Longman, “Iterative Learning Control and the Waterbed Effect,” Proceedings of the AIAA/AAS Astrodynamics Conference, Denver, CO, August 2000, pp. 444-453.
 
R. W. Longman, R. Akogyeram, A. Hutton, J.-N. and J.-N. Juang, “Stability of Matched Basis Function Repetitive Control,” Advances in the Astronautical Sciences, Vol. 105, 2000, pp. 33-52.
 
H.-J. Chen, B. N. Agrawal, R. W. Longman, and M. Q. Phan, “Frequency-Domain Clear-Box Disturbance Rejection,” Advances in the Astronautical Sciences, Vol. 105, 2000, pp. 73-92..
 
R. W. Longman and Y.-C. Huang, “Analysis and Frequency Response of the Alternating Sign Learning and Repetitive Control Laws,” Journal of the Chinese Society of Mechanical Engineers., Vol. 21, No. 1, 2000, pp. 107-118.
 
S. G. Edwards, B. N. Agrawal, M. Q. Phan, and R. W. Longman, “Disturbance Identification and Rejection Experiments on an Ultra Quiet Platform,” Advances in the Astronautical Sciences, Vol. 103, 1999, pp. 633-651.
 
A. M. Plotnik and R. W. Longman, “Subtleties in the Use of Zero-Phase Low-Pass Filtering and Cliff Filtering in Learning Control,” Advances in the Astronautical Sciences, Vol. 103, 1999, pp. 673-692.
 
S.-L. Wirkander and R. W. Longman, “Limit Cycles for Improved Performance in Self-Tuning Learning Control,”  Advances in the Astronautical Sciences, Vol. 102, 1999, pp. 763-781.
 
H.-J. Chen and R. W. Longman, “The Importance of Smooth Updates in Producing Good Error Levels in Repetitive Control,” Proceedings of the 38th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, Phoenix, AZ, 1999, pp. 258-263.
 
R. W. Longman and T. Songchon, “Trade-Offs in Designing Learning/Repetitive Controllers using Zero-Phase Filtering for Long Term Stability,” Advances in the Astronautical Sciences, Vol. 102, 1999, pp. 243-263.
 
H.-P. Wen and R. W. Longman, “Floquet Stability Analysis of Disturbance Cancellation using Iterative Basis Function Feedback,” Advances in the Astronautical Sciences, Vol. 102, 1999, pp. 783-802.
 
R. W. Longman and S.-L. Wirkander, “Automated Tuning Concepts for Iterative Learning and Repetitive Control Laws,” Proceedings of the 37th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, Tampa, Florida, Dec. 1998, pp. 192-198.
 
H.-P. Wen, M. Q. Phan, and R. W. Longman, “Bridging Learning Control and Repetitive Control using Basis Functions,” Advances in the Astronautical Sciences, Vol. 99, 1998, pp. 335-354.
 
J. Li, R. W. Longman, V. H. Schulz, and H. G. Bock, “Implementing Time Optimal Robot Maneuvers using Realistic Actuator Constraints and Learning Control,” Advances in the Astronautical Sciences, Vol. 99, 1998, pp. 355-374.
 
R. W. Longman, “Simple and Effective Iterative Learning and Repetitive Control Laws Tuned by Adjusting a Few Parameters,” Proceedings of the Tenth Yale Workshop on Adaptive and Learning Systems, Center for Systems Science, Yale University, June 1998, pp. 192-198.
 
Y. S. Ryu and R. W. Longman, “Use of Anti-Reset Windup in Integral Control Based Learning and Repetitive Control,” Journal of the Chinese Society of Mechanical Engineers, Special Issue on Dynamics and Control, Vol. 19, No. 1, 1998, pp. 69-79.
Conference version: Proceedings of the 1994 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, San Antonio, TX, Oct. 1994, pp. 2617-2622.
 
R. W. Longman and Y.-C. Huang, “Use of Unstable Repetitive Control for Improved Tracking Accuracy,” Journal of the Chinese Society of Mechanical Engineers, Special Issue on Dynamics and Control, Vol. 19, No. 1, 1998, pp.81-93.
Conference version: Adaptive Structures and Composite Materials: Analysis and Applications, ASME, AD-Vol. 45/MD-Vol. 54, Nov. 1994, pp. 315-324.
 
Y. P. Hsin, R. W. Longman, E. J. Solcz, and J. deJong, “Stabilization due to Finite Word Length in Repetitive and Learning Control,” Advances in the Astronautical Sciences, Vol. 97, 1998, pp. 817-836.
 
Y. P. Hsin, R. W. Longman, E. J. Solcz, and J. deJong, “A Repetitive Control Law Designed to Eliminate Periodic Measurement Disturbances,” Advances in the Astronautical Sciences, Vol. 97, 1998, pp. 837-849.
 
R. W. Longman and C. P. Lo, “Generalized Holds, Ripple Attenuation, and Tracking Additional Outputs in Discrete Time Learning Control,” Journal of Guidance, Control and Dynamics, Special Issue on Nonlinear Dynamics, Vol. 20, No. 6, Nov.-Dec, 1997, pp. 1207-1214.
 
Y. P. Hsin, R. W. Longman, E. J. Solcz, and J. de Jong, “Experimental Comparisons of Four Repetitive Control Algorithms,” Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference on Information Sciences and Systems, Johns Hopkins University, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Baltimore, Maryland, 1997, pp. 854-860.
 
H. P. Wen and R. W. Longman, “Conditions for Convergence in Indirect Adaptive Control Based Learning Control,” Advances in the Astronautical Sciences, Vol. 95, 1997, pp. 623-642.
 
S. J. Oh, R. W. Longman, and M. Q. Phan, “Use of Decoupling Basis Functions in Learning Control for Local Learning and Improved Transients,” Advances in the Astronautical Sciences, Vol. 95, 1997, pp. 651-670.
 
Y. P. Hsin, R. W. Longman, E. J. Solcz, and J. de Jong, “Experiments Bridging Learning and Repetitive Control,” Advances in the Astronautical Sciences, Vol. 95, 1997, pp. 671-690.
 
R. W. Longman, “Design Methodologies in Learning and Repetitive Control,” Proceedings of the 2nd Asian Control Conference, Vol. 2, Seoul, Korea, July 22-25, 1997, pp. 39-42.
 
R. W. Longman and Y. P. Hsin, “On the Need for Stabilizing and the Methods of Stabilizing Repetitive and Learning Controllers,” Proceedings of the 35th Annual Allerton Conference on Communication, Control, and Computing, Coordinated Sciences Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, Sept.-Oct. 1997, pp. 1067-1070.
 
G. Lee-Glauser, J.-N. Juang, and R. W. Longman, “Comparison and Combination of Learning Controllers: Computational Enhancement and Experiments,” Journal of Guidance, Control and Dynamics, Vol. 19, No. 5, Sept.-Oct. 1996, pp. 1116-1123.
 
H. S. Jang and R. W. Longman, “Design of Digital Learning Controllers using a Partial Isometry,” Advances in the Astronautical Sciences, Vol. 93, 1996, pp. 137-152.
 
Y. Wang and R. W. Longman, “Monotonic Vibration Suppression using Repetitive Control and Windowing Techniques,” Advances in the Astronautical Sciences, Vol. 93, 1996, pp. 945-965.
 
R. W. Longman and Y. Wang, “Phase Cancellation Learning Control Using FFT Weighted Frequency Response Identification,” Advances in the Astronautical Sciences, Vol. 93, 1996, pp. 85-101.
 
Y. Wang and R. W. Longman, “Use of Non-Causal Digital Signal Processing in Learning and Repetitive Control,” Advances in the Astronautical Sciences, Vol. 90, 1996, pp. 649-668.
 
R. W. Longman, “Learning and Repetitive Control Design Methodologies,” Proceedings of the Ninth Yale Workshop on Adaptive and Learning Systems, Yale University, Department of Electrical Engineering, New Haven, CT, June 1996, pp. 124-129.
 
R. W. Longman, “The Range of Possible Iterative Learning Control Laws to Optimize Robot Tracking,” ZAMM (Zeitschrift fur Angewandte Mathematik und Mechanik), Special Issue on Applied Stochastics and Optimization, Vol. 76, Supplement No. 3, 1996, pp. 287-290..
 
J. S. Jang and R. W. Longman, “An Update on a Monotonic Learning Control Law and Some Fuzzy Logic Learning Gain Adjustment Techniques,” Advances in the Astronautical Sciences, Vol. 90, 1996, pp. 301-318.
 
B. Fabien and R. W. Longman, “State Space Learning and Repetitive Control,” Proceedings of the 1995 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, ASME, Dynamic Systems and Control Division, DSC-Vol. 57-1, Nov. 1995, pp. 595-602.
 
R. W. Longman, “Learning Control, Repetitive Control, and Vibration Annihilation,” Plenary Lecture, Proceedings of the International Conference on Structural Dynamics, Vibration, Noise and Control, Hong Kong, 5-7 December, 1995, pp. 80-85.
 
H. S. Jang and R. W. Longman, “A New Learning Control Law with Monotonic Decay of the Tracking Error Norm,” Proceedings of the Thirty-Second Annual Allerton Conference on Communication, Control, and Computing, Monticello, Illinois, Sept. 1994, pp. 314-323.
 
Y. S. Ryu, R. W. Longman, E. J. Solcz, and J. de Jong, “Experiments in the use of Repetitive Control in Belt Drive Systems,” Proceedings of the Thirty-Second Annual Allerton Conference on Communication, Control, and Computing, Monticello, Illinois, Sept. 1994, Sept. 1994, pp. 324-334.
 
Y.-P. Wang and R. W. Longman, “Limit Cycle Behavior and Convergence to Zero Tracking Error in Learning Control with Stick-Slip Friction,” Proceedings of the 1994 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, San Antonio, TX, Oct. 1994, pp. 2774-2779.
 
S. C. Lee and R. W. Longman, and M. Phan, “Direct Model Reference Learning and Repetitive Control,” Advances in the Astronautical Sciences, Vol. 85, 1994, pp. 2047-2066.
 
Y. S. Ryu and R. W. Longman, “Indirect Learning Control for Nonlinear Dynamical Systems,” Advances in the Astronautical Sciences, Vol. 82, 1993, pp. 79-91.
 
S. C. Lee and R. W. Longman, “Indirect Decentralized Repetitive Control,” Advances in the Astronautical Sciences, Vol. 82, 1993, pp. 93-109.
 
Longman, R. W., Phan, M., and Juang, J.-N., “An Overview of a Sequence of Research Developments in Learning and Repetitive Control,” Proceedings of the First International Conference on Motion and Vibration Control (MOVIC), Yokohama, Japan, September 1992, pp. 952-957. (An updated version appears in the Proceedings of the Industry/Government Forum on Adaptive Neural Control for Aerospace Structural Systems, Harris Corporation, Melbourne, Florida, August 1993.)
 
Y. S. Ryu and R. W. Longman, “Indirect Learning Control for Nonlinear Dynamical Systems,” Advances in the Astronautical Sciences, Vol. 82, 1993, pp. 79-91.
 
Solcz, E. J., and Longman, R. W., “Robustness of Repetitive Controllers to Frequency Uncertainties,” Proceedings of the 1992 Conference on Information Sciences and Systems, Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, March 1992.
 
Longman, R. W., and Ryu, Y. S., “Indirect Learning Control Algorithms for Time-Varying and Time-Invariant Systems,” Proceedings of the Thirtieth Annual Allerton Conference on Communication, Control and Computing, Coordinated Sciences Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champagn, Urbana, Illinois, Sept.-Oct. 1992, pp. 731-741.
 
R. W. Longman, S. C. Lee, and M. Phan, “Indirect Decentralized Learning Control,” Advances in the Astronautical Sciences, Vol. 79, 1992, pp. 371-386.
 
E. J. Solcz and R. W. Longman, “Repetitive Control in the Presence of Multiple Periodic Disturbances,” A Collection of Technical Papers, 1992 AIAA/AAS Astrodynamics Specialist Conference, Hilton Head, South Carolina, August 1992, pp. 486-500.
 
R. W. Longman, C.-K. Chang, and M. Phan, “Discrete Time Learning Control in Nonlinear Systems,” A Collection of Technical Papers, 1992 AIAA/AAS Astrodynamics Specialist Conference, Hilton Head, South Carolina, August 1992, pp. 501-511.
 
C. K. Chang, R. W. Longman, and M. Phan, “Techniques for Improving Transients in Learning Control Systems,” Advances in the Astronautical Sciences, Vol. 76, 1992, pp. 2035-2052.
 
C. S. Lee, R.W. Longman and M. Phan, “Linear Decentralized Learning Control,” Advances in the Astronautical Sciences, Vol. 76, 1992, pp. 2023-2033.
 
E. Solcz and R. W. Longman, “Disturbance Rejection in Repetitive Controllers,” Advances in the Astronautical Sciences, Vol. 76, 1992, pp. 2111-2130.
 
H. S. M. Beigi, C. J. Li, and R. W. Longman, “Learning Control Based on Generalized Secant Method and other Numerical Optimization Methods,” 1991 ASME Winter Annual Meeting, Atlanta, Georgia, Symposium on Sensors, Controls, and Quality Issues in Manufacturing, PED-Vol. 55, December 1991, pp. 163-175.
 
R. W. Longman and E. J. Solcz, “Small Gain Robustness Issues in the P-Integrator Repetitive Controller,” AIAA/AAS Astrodynamics Conference, A Collection of Technical Papers, Part 2, Portland, Oregon, August 1990, pp. 537-551.
 
R. W. Longman and C.-K. Chang, “Learning Control for Minimizing a Quadratic Cost during Repetitions of a Task,”  AIAA/AAS Astrodynamics Conference, A Collection of Technical Papers, Part 2, Portland, Oregon, August 1990, pp. 530-536.
 
M. Phan, J.-N. Juang, and R. W. Longman, “Recent Developments in Learning Control and System Identification for Robots and Structures,” Dynamics of Flexible Structures in Space, Proceedings of the First International Conference, Cranfield, England, May 1990, C. L. Kirk, and J. L. Junkins, Editors, Computational Mechanics Publications, Southampton, Boston, and Springer Verlag, New York, co-publishers, 1990, pp. 321-334.
 
J. N. Juang, L. Horta, and R. W. Longman, “System Identification in the Repetition Domain,” Advances in the Astronautical Sciences, Vol. 71, 1990, pp. 1389-1400.
 
J.-N. Juang, L. G. Horta, M. Phan, and R. W. Longman, “Learning System Identification for Flexible Structures,” Proceedings of the 2nd USAF/NASA Workshop on System Identification and Health Monitoring of Precision Space Structures, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, March 1990.
 
M. Phan, R. W. Longman, and J-N. Juang, “Indirect Repetitive Control for Linear Discrete Multivariable Systems,” Proceedings of the 27th Annual Allerton Conference on Communication, Control, and Computing, The University of Illinois, Allerton House, Monticello, Illinois, September 1989, pp.867-876.
 
M. Phan, Y. Wei, L. G. Horta, J.-N. Juang, and R. W. Longman, “Learning Control for Slewing of a Flexible Panel,” Dynamics and Control of Large Structures, Proceedings of the Seventh VPI&SU Symposium, L. Meirovitch, Editor, May 1989, pp. 39-52.
 
R. W. Longman, H. S. M. Beigi and C. J. Li, “Learning Control by Numerical Optimization Methods,” Modeling and Simulation, Instrument Society of America, Vol. 20, Part 5, 1989, pp. 1877-1882.
 
M. Phan and R. W. Longman, “Learning System Identification,” Modeling and Simulation, Instrument Society of America, Vol. 20, Part 5, 1989, pp. 1857-1864.
 
M. Phan and R. W. Longman, “Indirect Learning Control with Guaranteed Stability,” Proceedings of the 1989 Conference on Information Sciences and Systems, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 1989, pp.125-131.
 
M. Phan and R. W. Longman, “Liapunov Based Model Reference Learning Control,” Proceedings of the Twenty-Sixth Annual Allerton Conference on Communication, Control and Computing, The University of Illinois, Allerton House, Monticello, Illinois, September 1988, pp. 927-936.
 
E. G. Harokopos and R. W. Longman, “A Learning Controller for Tracking Arbitrary Inputs in Robot Motions,” Proceedings of the Tenth IASTED International Symposium on Robotics and Automation, Lugano, Switzerland, June 29-July 2, 1987, pp. 29-33.
 

Kinematics, Intelligent Mechanisms, Morphing Mechanisms  (back to top)

Intelligent Mechanisms, Morphing Mechanisms

M. S. Chew, R. W. Longman, and M. Q. Phan, “Intelligent Mechanisms,” Proceedings of the 28th Biennial Mechanisms and Robotics Conference, ASME Design Engineering Technical Conference DETC2004-57553, Salt Lake City, Utah, Sept. 28-Oct. 3, 2004.
 
N. Phetkong, M. S. Chew, and R. W. Longman, “Morphing Mechanisms Part 1: Using Iterative Learning Control to Morph Cam Follower Motion,” American Journal of Applied Sciences, Vol. 2, No. 5, 2005, pp. 897-903.
Conference version: N. Phetkong, M.-S. Chew, and R. W. Longman, “Morphing Mechanisms: Using Iterative Learning Control to Morph Cam Follower Motion,” Proceedings of the International Symposium on Robotics and Automation, Querétaro, Mexico, August 2004.
 
N. Phetkong, M. S. Chew, and R. W. Longman, “Morphing Mechanisms Part 2: Using Repetitive Control to Morph Cam Follower Motion,” American Journal of Applied Sciences, Vol. 2, No. 5, 2005, pp. 904-909.
 
H.-J. Chen, R. W. Longman, M.-S. Chew, “Eliminating Structural Error in Real-Time Adjustable Four-Bar Path Generators using Iterative Learning Control,” Proceedings of the 28th Biennial Mechanisms and Robotics Conference, ASME Design Engineering Technical Conference DETC2004-57573, Salt Lake City, Utah, Sept. 28-Oct. 3, 2004.
 

Cam Design Using Optimal Control

M. Chew, F. Freudenstein and R. W. Longman, “Application of Optimal Control Theory to the Synthesis of High-Speed Cam-Follower Systems. Part I: Optimality Criterion,” ASME Transac­tions, Journal of Mechanisms, Transmissions, and Automation in Design, Vol. 105, No. 3, September 1983, pp. 577-584.
 
M. Chew, F. Freudenstein, and R. W. Longman, “Application of Optimal Control Theory to the Synthesis of High-Speed Cam-Follower Systems. Part II: System Optimization,” ASME Transac­tions, Journal of Mechanisms, Transmissions, and Automation in Design, Vol. 105, No. 3, September 1983, pp. 585-591.
 
S. Mennicke, R. W. Longman, M.-S. Chew, and H. G. Bock, “High Speed Automotive Cam Design using Direct Multiple Shooting Optimal Control Techniques,” Proceedings of the 28th Biennial Mechanisms and Robotics Conference, ASME Design Engineering Technical Conference DETC2004-57415, Salt Lake City, Utah, Sept.-Oct. 2004.
 
S. Mennicke, R. W. Longman, M.-S. Chew, and H. G. Bock, “A CAD Package for High-Speed Cam Design Based on Direct Multiple Shooting Optimal Control Techniques,” Proceedings of the 30th ASME Design Automation Conference, ASME Design Engineering Technical Conference DETC2004-57410, Salt Lake City, Utah, Sept.-Oct. 2004.
 
J.-G. Sun, R. W. Longman and F. Freudenstein, “Determination of Appropriate Cost Functionals for Cam-Follower Design using Optimal Control Theory,” Proceedings of the 1984 American Control Conference, San Diego, Calif., June 1984, American Automatic Control Council, pp. 1799-1800.
 
J.-G. Sun, R. W. Longman, and F. Freudenstein, “Objective Functions for Optimal Control in Cam Follower Systems,” International Journal for Manufacturing Science and Technology, Vol. 8, No. 2, 2006.

 (Chinese version: Jianguo Sun, R. W. Longman, and F. Freudenstein, “An Optimization Design Approach of High-Speed Cam-Follower Systems,” Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering, Vol. 27, No. 1, Feb. 1991, pp. 1-7. Conference version: Proceedings of the 4th Asian Conference on Industrial Automation and Robotics, May 2005, Bangkok, Thailand.)
 
B. C. Fabien, R. W. Longman, and F. Freudenstein, “The Design of High-Speed Dwell-Rise-Dwell Cams using Linear Quadratic Optimal Control Theory,” ASME Transactions, Journal of Mechanical Design, Vol. 116, No. 3, Sept. 1994, pp. 867-874.
 
H. G. Bock, R. W. Longman, J. P. Schloeder, and M. Winckler, “Synthesis of Automotive Cams using Multiple Shooting - SQP Methods for Constrained Optimization,” Mathematics: Key Technology for the Future, W. Jaeger, Editor, Springer Verlag, 2001.
 
H. Yau and R. W. Longman, “Modeling of Non-Ideal Variable Pitch Valve Springs for Use in Automotive Cam Optimization,” Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on High Performance Scientific Computing: Modeling, Simulation and Optimization of Complex Processes, Hanoi, Vietnam, March 2009, to appear.
 

Other Kinematics and Stability Problems

R. W. Longman and F. Freudenstein, “Stability Analysis of Lifting Rigs. Part I: Necessary and Sufficient Conditions,” ASME Transactions, Journal of Engineering for Industry, Vol. 97, Series B, No. 2, May 1975, pp. 532-536. (Also presented as Paper No. 74-DET-31, ASME Mechanisms Conference, New York, New York, October 1974.)
 
R. W. Longman and F. Freudenstein, “Stability Analysis of Lifting Rigs. Part II: Sufficient Stability Criteria and Design Guidelines,” ASME Transactions, Journal of Engineering for Industry, Vol. 97, Series B, No. 2, May 1975, pp. 537-541. (Also presented as Paper No. 74-DET-32, ASME Mechanisms Conference, New York, New York, October 1974.)
 
B. C. Fabien, R. W. Longman, and F. Freudenstein, “The Stability of Lifting Rigs with Offset Loads,” The Journal of Mechanics and Structures, Vol. 19, No. 1, 1991, pp. 193-211.
 
R. W. Longman, “On the Relationship between Liapunov Stability and Stability under Persistent Disturbances for Lifting Rigs,” Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, Vol. 1, Proceedings of the Second Na­tional Congress on Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, Varna, Bulgaria, October 1973, published by the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1975, pp. 220-230.
 
F. Freudenstein, C.-K. Chen and R. W. Longman, “Kinematic Analysis of Robotic Bevel Gear Trains,” Transactions of the ASME, Journal of Mechanisms, Transmissions and Automation in Design, Vol. 106, 1984, pp.371-375.
(Reprinted by request as: F. Freudenstein, R. W. Longman and C.-K. Chen, Gear Technology, The Journal of Gear Manufacturing, November-December 1986, pp. 8-13, 48.
 

System Identification, Damage Detection in Structures  (back to top)

Some Basic or Overview Papers:

J.-N. Juang, M. Phan, L. G. Horta, and R. W. Longman, “Identification of Observer/Kalman Filter Markov Parameters: Theory and Experiments,” Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics, Vol. 16, No. 2, March-April 1993, pp. 320-329.
 
J.-N. Juang and R. W. Longman, Optimized System Identification, NASA Technical Memorandum, NASA-99-TM 209711, 1999.
 
M. Phan, L. G. Horta, J.-N. Juang, and R. W. Longman, “Improvement of Observer/Kalman Filter Identification (OKID) by Residual Whitening,” Journal of Vibrations and Acoustics, Vol. 117, April 1995, pp. 232-239.
 
M. Phan, J.-N. Juang, L. G. Horta, R. W. Longman, “System Identification from Closed-Loop Data with Known Output Feedback Dynamics,” Journal of Guidance, Control and Dynamics, Vol. 17, No. 4, July-August 1994, pp. 661-669.
 
D.-H. Tseng, R. W. Longman, and J.-N. Juang, “Identification of the Structure of the Damping Matrix in Second Order Mechanical Systems,” Advances in the Astronautical Sciences, Vol. 87, 1994, pp. 167-190.
 
M. Q. Phan and R. W. Longman, “Extracting Mass, Stiffness, and Damping Matrices of Mechanical Systems from Identified State-Space Models,” Proceedings of the AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference, Providence, RI, August 2004.
 
M. Q. Phan, R. W. Longman, J.-N. Juang, “Identification of Linear Time-Varying Systems by a Canonical Representation,” Advances in the Astronautical Sciences, Vol. 135, pp. 1401-1415, to appear.
 
M. Q. Phan, R. W. Longman, J.-N. Juang, “A Direct Method for Identifying Linear Time-Varying State-Space Models,” Advances in the Astronautical Sciences, Vol. 135, pp. 161-174, to appear.
 
M. De Angelis, H. Lus, R. Betti, and R. W. Longman, “Extracting Physical Parameters of Mechanical Systems from Identified State Space Representations,” ASME Journal of Applied Mechanics, Vol. 69, No. 5, 2002, pp. 617-625.
 
H. Lus, R. Betti, and R. W. Longman, “Obtaining Refined First-Order Predictive Models of Linear Structural Systems,” Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, Vol. 31, 2002, pp. 1413-1440.
 
H. Lus, M. De Angelis, R. Betti, and R. W. Longman, “Constructing Second-Order Models of Mechanical Systems from Identified State Space Realizations. Part 1: Theoretical Discussion,” ASCE, Journal of Engineering Mechanics, May 2003, pp. 477-487.
 
H. Lus, M. De Angelis, R. Betti, and R. W. Longman, “Constructing Second-Order Models of Mechanical Systems from Identified State Space Realizations. Part 1I: Numerical Investigations,” ASCE, Journal of Engineering Mechanics, May 2003, pp. 489-501.
 
D. Hyland, J. L. Junkins, and R. W. Longman, “Active Control Technology for Large Space Structures,” Journal of Guidance, Control and Dynamics, Vol. 16, No. 5, September-October, 1993, pp. 801-821.
(Commissioned survey paper on modeling, identification, and control of large space structures.)
 

Additional General Identification Papers:

J.-N. Juang, L. G. Horta, and R. W. Longman, “Input/Output System Identification: Learning from Repeated Experiments,”  Chapter 5 of Mechanics and Control of Large Flexible Structures, J. L. Junkins, Editor, Progress in Astronautics and Aeronautics, Vol.129, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Washington, DC, 1990, pp.87-99.
 
R. W. Longman and J.-N. Juang, “A Variance Based Confidence Criterion for ERA Identified Modal Parameters,” Advances in the Astronautical Sciences, Vol. 65, 1988, pp. 581-601.
 
R. W. Longman, M. Bergmann and J.-N. Juang, “Variance and Bias Confidence Criteria for ERA Modal Parameter Identification,” Proceedings of the AIAA/AAS Astrodynamics Conference, Minneapolis, Minnesota, August 1988, pp. 729-739.
 
R. W. Longman and J.-N. Juang, “Recursive Form of the Eigensystem Realization Algorithm for System Identification,” Journal of Guidance, Control and Dynamics, Vol. 12, No. 5, Sept.-Oct. 1989, pp.647-652.
 
M.  Bergmann, R. W. Longman, and J. N. Juang, “Variance and Bias Computation for Enhanced System Identification”, Proceedings of the 28th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, Tampa, Florida, December 1989, pp. 155-161.
 
M. Phan, J.-N. Juang, and R. W. Longman, “On Markov Parameters in System Identification,” Society for Experimental Mechanics, Proceedings of the 9th International Modal Analysis Conference, Florence, Italy, April 1991. (Also, NASA Technical Memorandum 104156, October 1991.)
 
R. W. Longman, J.-N. Juang, and M. Phan, “Input and Output Matrices in Modal Identification,” Society for Experimental Mechanics, Proceedings of the 9th International Modal Analysis Conference, Florence, Italy, April 1991. (Also, R. W. Longman, J.-N. Juang, and M. Phan, “Input-Output Matrices in Modal Identification,” NASA Technical Memorandum TM-107633, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, June 1992.)
 
R. W. Longman, J.-S. Lew, D.-H. Tseng,  and J.-N. Juang, “Variance and Bias Computation for Improved Modal Identification Using ERA/DC,” Proceedings of the American Control Conference, Boston, Massachusetts, May 1991.
 
M. Phan, L. G. Horta, J.-N. Juang, and R. W. Longman, “Identification of Observer/Kalman Filter Markov Parameters Using Limited Experimental Data,” Proceedings of the Eighth VPI&SU Symposium on Dynamics and Control of Large Structures, May 1991.
 
M. Phan, L. G. Horta, J.-N. Juang, and R. W. Longman, Identification of Linear Systems via an Asymptotically Stable Observer, (a unified treatment of material appearing in a series of publications), NASA Technical Paper 3164, 1992.
 
M. Phan, J.-N. Juang, and R. W. Longman, “Identification of Linear Multivariable Systems by Identification of Observers with Assigned Real Eigenvalues,” Journal of the Astronautical Sciences, Vol. 40, No. 2, April-June 1992, pp. 261-279.
 
D.-H. Tseng, R. W. Longman, J.-N. Juang, and C.-W. Chen, “Variance and Bias Confidence Criteria for System and Observer/Kalman Filter Identification,” Proceedings of the Thirtieth Annual Allerton Conference on Communication, Control, and Computing, Monticello, Illinois, Sept.-Oct. 1992, pp. 98-109.
 
R. W. Longman, J.-S. Lew, and J.-N. Juang, “Comparison of Candidate Methods to Distinguish Noise Modes from System Modes in Structural Identification,” A Collection of Technical Papers, The 33rd AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference (SDM), Part 4, Structural Dynamics II, Dallas, Texas, April 1992, pp. 2307-2317.
 
L. G. Horta, M. Phan, J.-N. Juang, R. W. Longman, and J. Sulla, “Frequency Weighted System Identification and Linear Quadratic Controller Design,” Journal of Guidance, Control and Dynamics, Vol. 16, No. 2, March-April 1993, pp. 330-336.
 
J.-S. Lew, J.-N. Juang, and R. W. Longman, “Comparison of Several System Identification Methods for Flexible Structures,” Journal of Sound and Vibration, Vol. 167, No. 3, 1993, pp. 461-480. 
 
M. Phan, L. G. Horta, J.-N. Juang, and R. W. Longman, “Linear System Identification Via an Asymptotically Stable Observer,” Journal of Optimization Theory and Application, Vol. 79, No. 1, October 1993, pp. 59-86.
 
L. G. Horta, J.-N. Juang, R. W. Longman, “Discrete-Time Model Reduction in Limited Frequency Ranges,” Journal of Guidance, Control and Dynamics, Vol. 16, No. 6, November-December, 1993, pp. 1125-1130.
 
M. Q. Phan and R. W. Longman, “Relationship between State-Space and Input-Output Models via Observer Markov Parameters,” Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Dynamics and Control of Structures in Space, London, England, 27-31 May, 1996.
 
M. Q. Phan, J.-N. Juang, and R. W. Longman, “Markov Parameters in System Identification: Old and New Concepts,” Structronic Systems: Smart Structures, Devices, and Systems, Vol. 2: Systems and Control (H.-S. Tsou and A. Guran, Editors), World Scientific Publishing Co., Singapore, 1997, pp. 263-293.
 
R. K. Lim, M. Q. Phan, and R. W. Longman, “State-Space System Identification with Identified Hankel Matrix,” Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Technical Report No. 3045, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, September 1998.
 
H. Lus, R. Betti, and R. W. Longman, “Identification of Structural Systems using General Input Data,” Proceedings of IMAC-XVII, Kissimmee, FL, 1999, pp. 153-158.
 
H. Lus, R. Betti, and R. W. Longman, “Identification of Linear Structural Systems Using Earthquake Induced Vibration Data,” Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, Vol. 28, 1999, pp. 1449-1467. (Also, Proceedings of the 14th ASCE Engineering Mechanics Conference, Baltimore, MD, 1999.)
 
H. Lus, R. Betti, and R. W. Longman, “Obtaining Refined First-Order Predictive Models of Linear Structural Systems,” Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, Vol. 31, 2002, pp. 1413-1440.
 
M. Q. Phan, R. W. Longman, S. C. Lee, and J.-W. Lee, “System Identification from Multiple-Trial Data Corrupted by Non-Repeating Periodic Disturbances,” International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Vol. 13, No. 2, 2003, pp. 185-192.
 

Identification of Second Order Structural Mechanics Models from State Space Models:

S. W. Sirlin, R. W. Longman and J. N. Juang, “Identification of General Linear Mechanical Systems,” The Proceedings of the 1983 American Control Conference, American Automatic Control Council, San Francisco, CA, June 1983, pp. 984-988.
 
S. W. Sirlin, R. W. Longman and J. N. Juang, “Identifiability of Conservative Linear Mechanical Systems,” The Journal of the Astronautical Sciences, Vol. 33, No. 1, January-March 1985, pp. 95-118. (An earlier version appears as “Identification of Conservative Linear Mechanical Systems,” Proceedings of the Twentieth Annual Allerton Conference on Communication, Control, and Computing, The University of Illinois, Allerton House, Monticello, Illinois, October 1982, pp. 321-330.)
 
D.-H. Tseng, R. W. Longman, and J.-N. Juang, “Identification of a Second-Order Mechanical System Model from a State Space Realization,” Advances in the Astronautical Sciences, Vol. 82, 1993, pp. 347-360.
 
D.-H. Tseng, R. W. Longman, and J.-N. Juang, “Identification of Gyroscopic and Nongyroscopic Second Order Mechanical Systems Including Repeated Root Problems,” Advances in the Astronautical Sciences, Vol. 87, 1994, pp. 145-165.
 
D.-H. Tseng, R. W. Longman, and J.-N. Juang, “Identification of the Structure of the Damping Matrix in Second Order Mechanical Systems,” Advances in the Astronautical Sciences, Vol. 87, 1994, pp. 167-190.
 
M. Q. Phan and R. W. Longman, “Extracting Mass, Stiffness, and Damping Matrices of Mechanical Systems from Identified State-Space Models,” Proceedings of the AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference, Providence, RI, August 2004.
 
H. Lus, R. Betti, and R. W. Longman, “Damage Identification in Linear Structural Systems,” Proceedings of the 15th ASCE Engineering Mechanics Conference, Austin, TX, 2000.
 
M. De Angelis, H. Lus, R. Betti, and R. W. Longman, “A New Methodology for the Identification of Reduced Order Models of Structural Systems,” ASCE –ASME Engineering Mechanics Conference, San Diego, CA, 2001.
 
M. De Angelis, H. Lus, R. Betti, and R. W. Longman, “Extracting Physical Parameters of Mechanical Systems from Identified State Space Representations,” ASME Journal of Applied Mechanics, Vol. 69, No. 5, 2002, pp. 617-625.
 
M. De Angelis, H. Lus, R. Betti, and R. W. Longman, “Issues in Reduced Order Modelling of Mechanical Systems”, Proceedings of the 15th ASCE Engineering Mechanics Conference, New York, NY, 2002.
 
H. Lus, J. Yu, R. Betti, and R. W. Longman, “System Identification and Health Monitoring Using a Hybrid State Space / Physical Parameter Approach,” Proceedings of the ASCE Structures Congress, Denver, CO, 2002.
 
H. Lus, M. De Angelis, R. Betti, and R. W. Longman, “Constructing Second-Order Models of Mechanical Systems from Identified State Space Realizations. Part 1: Theoretical Discussion,” ASCE, Journal of Engineering Mechanics, May 2003, pp. 477-487.
 
H. Lus, M. De Angelis, R. Betti, and R. W. Longman, “Constructing Second-Order Models of Mechanical Systems from Identified State Space Realizations. Part 1I: Numerical Investigations,” ASCE, Journal of Engineering Mechanics, May 2003, pp. 489-501.
 
G. Franco, R. Betti, and R. W. Longman, “On the Uniqueness of Solutions for the Identification of Linear Structural Systems,” Transactions of the ASME, Journal of Applied Mechanics, Vol. 73, No. 1, January 2006, pp. 153-162.
 

Damage Detection:

H. Lus, R. Betti, and R. W. Longman, “Damage Identification in Linear Structural Systems,” Proceedings of the 15th ASCE Engineering Mechanics Conference, Austin, TX, 2000.
 
M. De Angelis, H. Lus, R. Betti, and R. W. Longman, “A New Methodology for the Identification of Reduced Order Models of Structural Systems,” ASCE –ASME Engineering Mechanics Conference, San Diego, CA, 2001.
 
J.-W. Lin, H. Lus, R. Betti, A. W. Smyth, and R. W. Longman, “Damage Detection in Linear and Nonlinear Systems,” 3rd US/ Japan Workshop on Nonlinear Identification and Structural Health Monitoring, Los Angeles, CA, October 2000.
 
J.-W. Lin, R. Betti, R. W. Longman, and A. W. Smyth, “On-Line Parametric Identification of Nonlinear Hysteretic Structures,” Proceedings of the Fifteenth ASCE Engineering Mechanics Conference, Austin, TX, 2000.
 
J.-W. Lin, R. Betti, A. W. Smyth, R. W. Longman, “On-Line Identification of Non-Linear Hysteretic Structural Systems using a Variable Trace Approach,” Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, Vol. 30, 2001, pp. 1279-1303.
 
H. Lus, J. Yu, R. Betti, and R. W. Longman, “System Identification and Health Monitoring Using a Hybrid State Space / Physical Parameter Approach,” Proceedings of the ASCE Structures Congress, Denver, CO, 2002.
 

Robot Time Optimal Control, Time Optimal Path Planning  (back to top)

The Behavior of Time Optimal Solutions, Numerical Solution

G. Giese, R. W. Longman, and H. G. Bock, “Understanding how Minimum-Time Control Optimizes Link Interaction Forces in Polar Coordinate Robots,” Advances in the Astronautical Sciences, Vol. 102, 1999, pp. 223-242.
 
G. Giese, R. W. Longman, and H. G. Bock, “The Optimized Interaction Forces in Minimum Time Control of Elbow and SCARA Robots,” Advances in the Astronautical Sciences, Vol. 103, 1999, pp. 653-672.
 
G. Giese, R. W. Longman, and H. G. Bock, “Time-Optimal Elbow Robot Motion,” International Journal of Robotics and Automation,  IASTED, Vol. 20, No. 4, 2005.
 
M. Steinbach, H. G. Bock, and R. W. Longman, “Time-Optimal Extension or Retraction of Robots: Numerical Analysis of the Switching Structure,” Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications, Vol. 84, No.3, March 1995, pp. 589-616.
 
M. Steinbach, H. G. Bock, and R. W. Longman, “Time Optimal Control of SCARA Robots,” AIAA Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference, A Collection of Technical Papers, Part 1, Portland, Oregon, August 1990, pp. 707-716.
 
J. Konzelmann, H. G. Bock, and R. W. Longman, “Time Optimal Trajectories of Polar Robot Manipulators by Direct Methods,” Modeling and Simulation, Instrument Society of America, Vol. 20, Part 5, 1989, pp. 1933-1939.
 
J. Konzelmann, H. G. Bock, and R. W. Longman, “Time Optimal Trajectories of Elbow Robots by Direct Methods,” Proceedings of the 1989 AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference, Boston, August 1989, Part 2, pp. 895-910.
 
B. Hartel, M. Steinbach, H. G. Bock, and R. W. Longman, “The Influence of Friction on Time Optimal Robot Trajectories,”  Proceedings of the 35th Annual Allerton Conference on Communication, Control, and Computing, Coordinated Sciences Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, Sept.-Oct. 1997, pp. 817-826.
 
M. Mössner-Beigel, M. Steinbach, H. G. Bock, and R. W. Longman, “Time Optimal Path Planning in Polar Robots with Joint Flexibility,” Advances in the Astronautical Sciences, Vol. 97, 1998, 1801-1820.
 
H. G. Bock, J. P. Schloder, M. C. Steinbach, H. G. Worm, V. H. Schulz, and R. W. Longman, “Schnelle Roboter am Fliessband: Mathematische Bahnoptimerung in der Praxis,” in K.-H. Hoffmann, W. Jager, T. Lohmann, and H. Schunck, editors, Mathematik – Schlusseltechnologie  fur die Sukunft, Springer Verlag, 1997, pp. 539-550.
 
M. C. Steinbach, H. G. Bock, G. V. Kostin, R. W. Longman, “Mathematical Optimization in Robotics: Towards Automated High Speed Motion Planning,” Surveys on Mathematics for Industry, Vol. 7, No. 4, 1998, pp. 303-340. (Also, University of Heidelberg IWR Preprint 1997-01, and ZIB Preprint SC-97-03, Berlin).
 

Choice of Practical Optimization Criterion, Dealing with Flexibility, Modeling Hardware Limitations, Making Feedback Controllers do the Optimal Trajectory, Developing Improved Feedback Stategies

J. Li, R. W. Longman, M. Steinbach, and H. G. Bock, “Issues in the Implementation of Time-Optimal Path Planning,” Symposium on Nonlinear Dynamics, AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting, Reno, Nevada, January 1997, pp. 517-527.
 
J. Li, R. W. Longman, V. H. Schulz, and H. G. Bock, “The Choice of Appropriate Cost Functionals for Optimizing the Operating Speed of Robots,” Advances in the Astronautical Sciences, Vol. 97, 1998, pp. 1821-1840.
 
J. Li, R. W. Longman, V. H. Schulz, and H. G. Bock, “Implementing Time Optimal Robot Maneuvers using Realistic Actuator Constraints and Learning Control,” Advances in the Astronautical Sciences, Vol. 99, 1998, pp. 355-374.
 
P. M. Krämer-Eis, H. G. Bock, R. W. Longman, and J. P. Schlöder, “Numerical Determination of Optimal Feedback Control in Nonlinear Problems with State/Control Constraints,” Advances in the Astronautical Sciences, Vol. 105, 2000, pp. 53-71.
 
J. Zhao and R. W. Longman, “Predictive Feedback Control for Implementing Optimal Point-to-Point Trajectories Followed by Regulation,” Advances in the Astronautical Sciences, Vol. 119, 2005, pp. 1601-1620.
 
J. Zhao, M. Diehl, R. W. Longman, H. G. Bock, and J. P. Schlöder, “Nonlinear Model Predictive Control of Robots Using Real-Time Optimization, “ Proceedings of the 2004 AIAA/AAS Astrodynamics Specialist Conference, Providence, RI, August 2004.
 
J. Zhao, R. W. Longman, H. G. Bock, and M. Diehl, “Inverse Dynamics Approach to Real-Time Optimal Control of Robots,” Advances in the Astronautical Sciences, Vol. 120, 2005, pp. 1023-1042.
 

Robotics in Space  (back to top)

R. W. Longman and R. E. Lindberg, Guest Editors, Special Issue on Robotics in Space, The Journal of the Astronautical Sciences, Vol. 38, No. 4, October 1990.
 
R. W. Longman, R. E. Lindberg and M. F.  Zedd, “Satellite-Mounted Robot Manipulators -- New Kinematics and Reaction Moment Compensation,” International Journal of Robotics Research, MIT Press, Vol. 6, No. 3, Fall 1987, pp. 87-103.
Conference version appears in A Collection of Technical Papers, AIAA Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference, Snowmass, Colorado, August 1985, pp. 278-290.
 
R. E. Lindberg, R. W. Longman, and M. F. Zedd, “Kinematic and Dynamic Properties of an Elbow Manipulator Mounted on a Satellite,” Chapter 1 in Space Robotics: Dynamics and Control, Y. Xu and T. Kanade, editors, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston, 1993, pp. 1-25.
Reprinted from: The Journal of the Astronautical Sciences, Vol. 38, No. 4, October-December 1990, pp.397-421.
Conference version “Kinematics and Reaction Moment Compensation for a Spaceborne Elbow Manipulator,” AIAA-86-0250, AIAA 24th Aerospace Sci­ence Meeting, Reno, Nevada, January, 1986.
 
R. W. Longman, “The Kinetics and Workspace of a Satellite-Mounted Robot,” Chapter 2 in Space Robotics: Dynamics and Control, Y. Xu and T. Kanade, editors, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston, 1993, pp. 27-44.
Reprinted from: The Journal of the Astronauti­cal Sciences, October-December 1990, Vol. 38, No. 4, pp.423-440.
Conference version “The Kinetics and Workspace of a Robot Mounted on a Satellite that is Free to Rotate and Translate,” Proceedings of the AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference, Minneapolis, Minnesota, August 1988, pp.374-381.
 
R. W. Longman, “Attitude Tumbling due to Flexibility in Satellite-Mounted Robots,” The Journal of the Astronautical Sciences, October-December 1990, Vol. 38, No. 4, pp.487-509.
Conference version appears in the Proceedings of the AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference, Minneapolis, Minnesota, August 1988, pp.365-373.
 
V. H. Schulz, R. W. Longman, and H. G. Bock, “Computer Aided Motion Planning for Satellite Mounted Robots,” Journal of Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences, Vol. 21, 1998, pp. 733-755.
 
V. H. Schulz, H. G. Bock, and R. W. Longman, “Optimal Path Planning in Satellite Mounted Robot Manipulators,” Advances in the Astronautical Sciences, Vol. 82, 1993, pp. 311-329.
 
V. H. Schulz, H. G. Bock, and R. W. Longman, “Shortest Paths for Satellite Mounted Robot Manipulators,” Control Applications of Optimization, R. Bulirsch and D. Kraft, editors, International Series of Numerical Mathematics, Vol. 115, Birkhauser Verlag, Basel, Switzerland, 1994, pp. 357-366.
 
R. W. Longman, V. H. Schulz, and H. G. Bock, “Path Planning for Satellite Mounted Robots,” Keynote Lecture, Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Dynamics and Control of Structures in Space, London, England, 27-31 May, 1996.
 
R. W. Longman, “Tutorial Overview of the Dynamics and Control of Satellite-Mounted Robots,” Chapter 10, Teleoperation and Robotics in Space, C. F. Ruoff and S. B. Skaar, Editors, Progress in Astronautics and Aeronautics Series, Vol. 161, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1994, pp. 237-258.
 
R. W. Longman, “New Problems in Space Flight Operations Introduced by Satellite Mounted Robots,” Keynote Lecture, Proceedings of the 3rd International Symposium on Spacecraft Flight Dynamics, Darmstadt, Germany, a European Space Agency publication, October 1991.
 

Walking, Hopping, Somersaulting Robots and Robot Hands  (back to top)

K. Mombaur, H. G. Bock, J. P. Schlöder, and R. W. Longman, “Human-Like Actuated Walking that is Asymptotically Stable Without Feedback,” Proceedings of the 2001 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, Seoul, Korea, May 2001, pp. 4128-4133.
 
K. Mombaur, R. W. Longman, H. G. Bock, and J. P. Schlöder, “Stable One-Legged Hopping without Feedback and with a Point Foot,” Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, Washington, D.C., May 2002.
 
K. D. Mombaur, R. W. Longman, H. G. Bock, and J. P. Schöder, “Open-Loop Stable Running,” Robotica, Vol. 23, No. 1, 2005, pp. 21-33.
 
K. D. Mombaur, H. G. Bock, J. P. Schlöder, and R. W. Longman, “Open-Loop Stable Solution of Periodic Optimal Control Problems,” Zeitschrift Für Angewandte Mathematik und Mechanik (ZAMM), 2005, Vol. 85, No. 7, July 2005.  
 
K. D. Mombaur, H. G. Bock, J. P. Schlöder, and R. W. Longman, “Self-Stabilizing Somersaults,” IEEE Transactions on Robotics, Vol. 21, No.6 , Dec. 2005.
 
R. W. Longman and K. D. Mombaur, “Investigating the Use of Iterative Learning Control and Repetitive Control to Implement Periodic Gaits,” Fast Motions in Biomechanics and Robotics, Optimization and Feedback Control, M. Diehl and K. Mombaur, Editors, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2006, pp. 189-218.
 
K. D. Mombaur, R. W. Longman, H. G. Bock, and J. P. Schloder, “Optimizing Spring-Damper Design in Human Like Walking that is Asymptotically Stable Without Feedback,” Modeling, Simulation and Optimization of Complex Processes, Bock, Kostina, Phu, and Rannacher Editors, Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg, 2008, pp. 403-418.
 
K. D. Mombaur, H. G. Bock, J. P. Schlöder, M. J. Winckler, and R. W. Longman, “Open-Loop Stable Control of Running Robots -- A Numerical Method for Studying Stability in the Context of Optimal Control Problems,” Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Mobile, Climbing, and Walking Robots, CLAWAR (CLimbing And WAlking Robots), Brussels, Nov. 1998, pp. 89-94. (Also, University of Heidelberg IWR Technical Report 99-01.)
 
K. D. Mombaur, H. G. Bock, and R. W. Longman, “Stable, Unstable, and Chaotic Motions of Bipedal Walking Robots without Feedback,” Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Control of Oscillations and Chaos, Vol. 2, F. L. Chernousko, A. L. Fradkov, Editors, St. Petersburg, Russia, July 2000, pp. 282-285.
 
K. D. Mombaur, H. G. Bock, J. P. Schloeder, and R. W. Longman, “Stability Optimization of Periodic Processes with Discontinuities,” Proceedings of Operations Research 2003, Heidelberg, Germany, August 2003.
 
K. D. Mombaur, H. G. Bock, J. P. Schöder, and R. W. Longman, “Stable Walking and Running Robots Without Feedback,” Proceedings of CLAWAR 04, Conference on Climbing and Walking Robots, Madrid, Sept. 2004.
 
K. D. Mombaur, H. G. Bock, J. P. Schöder, and R. W. Longman, “Open Loop Stability – a New Paradigm for Periodic Optimal Control and Analysis of Walking Mechanisms,” Proceedings of the IEEE Robotics, Automation, and Mechatronics Conference, Singapore, Dec. 2004.
 
K. D. Mombaur, H.  G. Bock, J. P. Schlöder, and R. W. Longman, “Open-Loop Stable Control of Periodic Multibody Systems,” Modeling, Simulation and Optimization of Complex Processes, H. G. Bock, E. Kostina, H. X. Phu, and R. Rannacher, Editors, Springer Verlag, Heidelberg, Germany, 2005, pp. 369-382.
 
K. D. Mombaur, H. G. Bock, J. P. Schlöder, and R. W. Longman, “Stability Optimization of Periodic Walking and Running Motions,” German Mathematics Research Institute Oberwolfach, Oberwolfach Reports No. 2/2005, Optimization and Applications, April 2005, pp. 105-107.
 
R. W. Longman and K. D. Mombaur, “Investigating the Use of Iterative Learning Control and Repetitive Control to Implement Periodic Gaits,” Fast Motions in Biomechanics and Robotics, Optimization and Feedback Control, M. Diehl and K. Mombaur, Editors, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2006, pp. 189-218.
 
K. Zhang, M. Sun, K. D. Lester, F. X. Pi-Sunyer, C. N. Boozer, R. W. Longman, “Assessment of Human Locomotion by using an Insole Measurement System and Artificial Neural Networks,” Journal of Biomechanics, Vol. 38, 2005, pp. 2276-2287.
 
H. Elci, R. W. Longman, and M. Shoham, “Planar Three-Finger Manipulation of Objects with a Dextrous Robot Hand,” AIAA Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference, A Collection of Technical Papers, Part 2, Portland, Oregon, August 1990, pp. 1061-1071.
 
F. Jen, M. Shoham, and R. W. Longman, “Liapunov Stability of Force-Controlled Grasps with a Multi-Fingered Hand,” The International Journal of Robotics Research, Vol. 15, No. 2, April 1996, pp. 137-154.
 

Satellite Attitude Dynamics and Control  (back to top)

Commissioned Survey (AIAA) Paper on Modeling, Dynamics and Optimization of Large Flexible Spacecraft

D. Hyland, J. L. Junkins, and R. W. Longman, “Active Control Technology for Large Space Structures,” Journal of Guidance, Control and Dynamics, Vol. 16, No. 5, September-October, 1993, pp. 801-821.
(Commissioned survey paper on modeling, identification, and control of large space structures.)
 

Gyrostat or Dual Spin Spacecraft

R. W. Longman, A Generalized Approach to Gravity-Gradient Stabilization of Gyrostat Satellites, Doctoral Dissertation, The RAND Corporation, RM-5921-PR, November 1969.
 
R. W. Longman and R. E. Roberson, “General Solution for the Equilibria of Orbiting Gyrostats Subject to Gravitational Torques,” The Journal  of the Astronautical Sciences, Vol. 16, No.2, March-April, 1969, pp.49-58. Also available as The RAND Corporation, P-3915, August 1968.
 
R. W. Longman, “The Equilibria of Orbiting Gyrostats with Internal Angular Momenta along Principal Axes,” Proceedings of the Symposium on Gravity Gradient Attitude Stabilization, December 1968, Aerospace Corporation, El Segundo, California, published as Air Force SAMSO-TR-69-307 (Aerospace Corporation Report No. TR-0066(5143)-1), pp. 3-53,3-65, 1969. Also available as The RAND Corporation, P-3916, August 1968.
 
R. W. Longman, “Gravity-Gradient Stabilization of Gyrostat Satellites with Rotor Axes in Principal Planes,” Celestial Mechanics, Vol. 3, No. 2, March 1971, pp. 169-188.
 
R. W. Longman, “Stability Analysis of All Possible Equilibria for Gyrostat Satellites under Gravitational Torques,” AIAA Journal, Vol. 10, No. 6, June 1972, pp. 800-806.
 
R. W. Longman, “Stable Tumbling Motions of a Dual-Spin Satellite Subject to Gravitational Torques,” AIAA Journal, Vol. 11, No. 7, July 1973, pp. 916-921.
 
R. W. Longman, “Attitude Equilibria and Stability of Arbitrary Gyrostat Satellites under Gravitational Torques,” Journal of the British Interplanetary Society, Vol. 28, No. 1, January 1975, pp. 38-46.
 
T. Li and R. W. Longman, “Stability Relationships Between Gyrostats with Free, Constant-Speed, and Speed-Controlled Rotors,” Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics, AIAA, Vol. 5, No. 6, November-December 1982, pp. 545-552.
 
R. Longman, P. Hagedorn and A. Beck, “Stabilization due to Gyroscopic Coupling in Dual-Spin Satellites Subject to Gravitational Torques,” Celestial Mechanics, Vol. 25, No. 4, December 1981, pp. 353-373. (An earlier version was presented at the AIAA/AAS Astrodynamics Conference, Palo Alto, California, 1978.)
 
T. Li and R. W. Longman, “Optimal Configurations for Dual-Spin Satellites Subject to Gravitational Torques,” Celestial Mechanics, Vol. 33, 1984, pp. 319-336.
 

Other Satellites

R. W. Longman and J. V. Fedor, “Dynamics of Flexible Spinning Satellites with Radial Wire Antennas,” Acta Astronautica, Pergamon Press, Vol. 3, 1976, pp. 17-37. (Presented at the 25th Congress of the International Astronautical Federation, Amsterdam, September 1974.  An earlier version is available as NASA Goddard Space Flight Center X-732-73-233, September 1973.)
 
R. W. Longman and J. V. Fedor, “Dynamics During Thrust Maneuvers of Flexible Spinning Satellites with Axial and Radial Booms,” Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium on Spacecraft Flight Dynamics, Darmstadt, Germany, 20-23 October 1986, European Space Agency SP-255, Dec. 1986, pp. 13-18.
 
R. W.  Longman and J. A. Massart, “An Investigation of the Anomalous Attitude Motion of the ISEE-B Spacecraft,” Spacecraft Flight Dynamics, Proceedings of an International Conference, Darmstadt, West Germany, May 18-22, 1981, European Space Agency, ESA SP-160, 1981, pp. 211-224.
 
R. W. Longman and K. T. Alfriend, “Optimal Control of Large Angle Attitude Maneuvers for Flexible Spacecraft,” Automatic Control in Space, Proceedings of the 8th International Conference, International Federation of Automatic Control, Oxford, England, July 1979, Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1979, pp. 57-62.
 
R. W. Longman, “Annihilation or Suppression of Control and Observation Spillover in the Optimal Shape Control of Flexible Spacecraft,” The Journal of the Astronautical Sciences, Vol. 27, No. 4, October-December 1979, pp. 381-399.
 
K. T. Alfriend and R. W. Longman, “Rotational Maneuvers of Large Flexible Spacecraft,” Advances in the Astronautical Sciences, Vol. 42, 1980, pp. 453-475.
 
R. W. Longman and K. T. Alfriend, “Improved Spillover Suppression Criteria in the Optimal Control of Large Flexible Spacecraft,” Methods in Operations Research, Proceedings of the 5th Symposium on Operations Research, University of Cologne, West Germany, August 1980.
 
G. Sevaston and R. W. Longman, “Optimal Positive Real Controllers for Large Space Structures,” Dynamics and Control of Large Flexible Spacecraft, Proceedings of the Third VPI&SU/AIAA Symposium, June 1981, L. Meirovitch, Editor, pp. 285-300.
 
R. A. Laskin, P. W. Likins and R. W. Longman, “Dynamical Equations of a Free-Free Beam Subject to Large Overall Motions,” The Journal of the Astronautical Sciences, 1983.
 
R. E. Lindberg Jr. and R. W. Longman, “On the Dynamic Behavior of the Wobblestone,” Acta Mechanica, Vol. 49, 1983, pp. 81-94.
 

Concepts of Degree of Controllability and Degree of Observability, Criteria for Sensor and Actuator Placement  (back to top)

C. N. Viswanathan, R. W. Longman and P. W. Likins, “A Definition of the Degree of Controllability - A Criterion for Actuator Placement,” Dynamics and Control of Large Flexible Spacecraft, Proceedings of the Second VPI&SU/AIAA Symposium, June 1979, L. Meirovitch, Editor, pp. 369-381.
 
R. A. Laskin, R. W. Longman and P. W. Likins, “A Definition of the Degree of Controllability for Fuel-Optimal Systems,” Dynamics and Control of Large Flexible Spacecraft, Proceedings of the Third VPI&SU/AIAA Symposium, June 1981, L. Meirovitch, Editor, pp. 1-14.
 
R. W. Longman and K. T. Alfriend, “Actuator Placement from Degree of Controllability Criteria for Regular Slewing of Flexible Spacecraft,” Acta Astronautica, Vol. 8, No. 7, pp. 703-718. (Also presented at the XXXth Congress of the International Astronautical Federation, Munich, Germany, September 1979.)
 
R. E. Lindberg and R. W. Longman, “Aspects of the Degree of Controllability - Applications to Simple Systems,” Advances in the Astronautical Sciences, Vol. 46, Part II, pp. 871-891.
 
R. E. Lindberg Jr. and R. W. Longman, “Optimization of Actuator Placement via Degree of Controllability Criteria Including Spillover Considerations,” AIAA/AAS Astrodynamics Conference, San Diego, California, Paper No. AIAA-82-1435, August, 1982.
 
R. W. Longman, S. W. Sirlin, T. Li and G. Sevaston, “The Fundamental Structure of Degree of Controllability and Degree of Observability,” AIAA/AAS Astrodynamics Conference, San Diego, California, Paper No. AIAA-82-1434, August 1982.
 
R. A. Laskin, R. W. Longman and P. W. Likins, “A Definition of the Degree of Disturbance Rejec­tion,” AIAA/AAS Astrodynamics Conference, San Diego, California, Paper No. AIAA-82-1466, August 1982.
 
R. A. Laskin, R. W. Longman and P. W. Likins, “Actuator Placement in Modal Systems Using Fuel Optimal Degree of Controllability Concepts,” Proceedings of the 20th Annual Allerton Conference on Communication, Control, and Computing, The University of Illinois, Allerton House, Monticello, Illinois, October 1982, pp. 813-822.
 
G. Klein, R. E. Lindberg Jr. and R. W. Longman, “Computation of a Degree of Controllability via System Discretization,” Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics, AIAA, Vol. 5, No. 6, November-December 1982, pp. 583-588. (A slightly different form appears in Dynamics and Control of Large Flexible Spacecraft, Proceedings of the Third VPI&SU/AIAA Symposium, June 1981, L. Meirovitch, Editor, pp. 49-64.)
 
C. N. Viswanathan, R. W. Longman and P. W. Likins, “A Degree of Controllability Definition: Fundamental Concepts and Application to Modal Systems,” Journal of Guidance, Control and Dynamics, AIAA, Vol. 7, No. 2, March-April 1984, pp. 222-230.
 
C. N. Viswanathan, and R. W. Longman, “The Determination of the Degree of Controllability for Dynamic Systems with Repeated Eigenvalues,” Advances in the Astronautical Sciences, Vol. 50, 1985, pp.1091-1111.
 
R. E. Lindberg Jr. and R. W. Longman, “The Influence of Time and Normalization on Actuator Placement by Degree of Controllability,” Advances in the Astronautical Sciences, Vol. 54, 1984, pp. 371-382.
 
S. W. Sirlin and R. W. Longman, “Fuzzy Concepts of the Degree of Controllability and Degree of Observability,” Advances in the Astronautical Sciences, Vol. 54, 1984, pp. 777-795.
 
R. E. Lindberg Jr. and R. W. Longman, “On the Number and Placement of Actuators for Independent Modal Space Control,” Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics, AIAA, Vol. 7, No. 2, March-April 1984, pp. 215-221.
 
G. E. Sevaston, and R. W. Longman, “Gain Measures of Controllability and Observability,” Interna­tional Journal of Control, Vol. 41, No. 4, 1985, pp. 865-893.
 
R. W.  Longman and R. E. Lindberg, “The Search for Appropriate Actuator Distribution Criteria in Large Space Structures Control,” Adaptive and Learning Systems: Theory and Applications, K. S. Narendra, Editor, Plenum Publishing Company, 1986.
 
X. Chen, R. W.  Longman, and G. Klein, “An Algorithm for the Computation of the Time Optimal Degree of Controllability;” Proceedings of the AIAA/AAS Astrodynamics Conference, Minneapolis, Minnesota, August 1988.
 
R. W. Longman and L. G. Horta, “Actuator Placement by Degree of Controllability Including the Effect of Actuator Mass,” Dynamics and Control of Large Structures, Proceedings of the Seventh VPI&SU Symposium, L. Meirovitch, Editor, May 1989, pp. 245-260.
 
R. W. Longman and K. T. Alfriend, “Energy Optimal Degree of Controllability and Observability for Regulator and Maneuver Problems,” The Journal of the Astronautical Sciences, Vol. 37, No. 4, October-December 1989. (Shorter version appears in the Proceedings of the 1982 Conference on Information Sciences and Systems, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, March 1982, pp. 633-638.)
 
M. Bergmann, R. W. Longman, and J.-N. Juang, “Optimization of Actuator and Sensor Placement for On-Orbit Identification in Large Flexible Spacecraft,” AIAA Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference, A Collection of Technical Papers, Part 2, Portland, Oregon, August 1990, pp. 1785-1793.
 
X. Chen and R. W. Longman, “Computation of the Fuel Optimal Degree of Controllability,” Advances in the Astronautical Sciences, Vol. 71, 1990, pp. 951-968.
 

Energy Optimal Control of Subways  (back to top)

C. N. Viswanathan, R. W. Longman and G. A. Domoto, “Energy Conservation in Subway Sys­tems by Controlled  Acceleration and Deceleration,” International Journal of Energy Research, Vol. 2, No. 2, April-June 1978, pp. 133-151.
 
H. G. Bock and R. W. Longman, “Optimal Control of Velocity Profiles for Minimization of Energy Consumption in the New York Subway System,” Proceedings of the Second IFAC Workshop on Control Applications of Nonlinear Programming and Optimization, Oberpfaffenhofen, West Ger­many, September 15-17, International Federation of Automatic Control, 1980, pp. 34-43.
 
H. G. Bock and R. W. Longman, “Computation of Optimal Controls on Disjoint Control Sets for Minimum Energy Subway Operation,” Advances in the Astronautical Sciences, Vol. 50, 1985, pp. 949-972.
 
P. M. Krämer-Eis, H. G. Bock, R. W. Longman, and J. P. Schlöder, “Numerical Determination of Optimal Feedback Control in Nonlinear Problems with State/Control Constraints,” Advances in the Astronautical Sciences, Vol. 105, 2000, pp. 53-71.
 

Feedback Control of Plasma Physics Tokomaks  (back to top)

A. K. Sen, M. Nagashima, and R. W. Longman, “Optimal Control of Tokamak Resistive Wall Modes in the Presence of Noise,” Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 10, No. 11, November 2003, pp. 4350-4357.
 
Z. Sun, A. K. Sen, and R. W. Longman, “Adaptive Optimal Stochastic State Feedback Control of Resistive Wall Modes in Tokamaks,” Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 13, 012512, 2006, 9 pages.
 
Z. Sun, A. K. Sen, and R. W. Longman, “Adaptive Stochastic Output Feedback Control of Resistive Wall Modes in Tokamaks,” Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 13, 092508, 2006.