• Some Dates Relevant to Roman Imperialism in Italy
• Rome and Carthage, 264 - 197 B.C.
• Some Important Dates Concerning Roman Imperialism, 196 - 105 B.C.
• Dates at which principal Roman provinces were annexed
• Some Important Romans of the Very Late Republic (70 - 31 B.C.)
• The Dates of Roman Emperors down to the Death of Valentinian III

(all dates B.C.)

• c. 396 Rome captures Veii
• 334 First Latin Colony, at Cales
• 343 - 341 First Samnite War
• 340 - 338 Last armed resistance of Latins against Rome
• 330s Rome secures power in Campania
• 327 - 304 Second Samnite War (decisive period of Roman success beings in 314)
• 312 Construction of Via Appia\
• 311 - 308 First Etruscan War
• 304 - 290s Rome advances into mountainous area of east central Italy
• 301 - late 280s Second Etruscan War
• 295 Battle of Sentinum
• 290 Incorporation of Sabines in Roman State
• 280 - 275 King Pyrrhus of Epirus invades S. Italy and Sicily
• 272 Capture of Tarentum by Romans
• 265 - 4 Last armed resistance of Etruscans defeated
• 225 - 222 First major Roman offensives against 'Italian' Gauls
• 220 Construction of the Via Flaminia
• 216 Carthaginians defeat Rome at Cannae; many Italians defect from Rome
• 211 - 203 Rome gradually recovers control of Italy
• 200 - 191 Rome secures military control of the plain of River Po
• 186 Rome suppresses Bacchic cult in Italy
• 183 - 177 Final period of Roman colonization in Italy
• 133 Land legislation of Tiberius Gracchus
• 130 First consulship to be held by a man of Etruscan ancestry
• 125 Rebellion of Fregellae; abortive proposal to give Roman citizenship to Italians
• 91 - 89 Social War (rebellion of many Italian allies against Rome, ending with their receiving Roman citizenship)

(all dates B.C.)

• 264 First Punic War (i.e. war between Rome and Carthage)
• 263 Hiero, king of Syracuse, become ally of Rome
• 262 Romans capture Agrigentum (Carthaginian stronghold in Sicily), and win their first important naval victory
• 259 A Roman consul raids Sardinia and Corsica for the first time
• 256-255, 253 Romans invade North Africa
• 241 Final battle of the first Punic War; Carthage sues for peace; Romans assume control over all Sicily (except Hiero's kingdom)
• 238 Rome forces Carthage to cede Sardinia by threat of war
• 238f. Rome at war with Gauls (Celts) and Ligurians in northern Italy
• 229 - 228 First Illyrian War
• 220s - ? Rome's alliance with the Spanish city of Saguntum
• 226/5 Rome's understanding with Carthage concerning the River Ebro
• 222 Rome brings the war with the Gauls in northern Italy to successful conclusion
• 219 Second Illyrian War. Hannibal's forces capture Saguntum
• 218 Second Punic War begins. Hannibal's forces invade Italy
• 217 Roman forces in Spain from this year. Carthaginians defeat Rome at Lake Trasimene (Etruria)
• 216 Carthaginian victory at Cannae. Many Italians and King Hiero swing to Carthaginian side
• 215 King Philip V of Macedon makes alliance with Hannibal
• 211 Romans recapture Capua and capture Syracuse from pro-Carthaginian forces; Roman alliance with Aetolians
• 209 - 206 Successful capaigns of Scipio Africanus against Carthaginians in Spain
• 205 Scipio as consul leads expeditionary force to N. Africa (arriving 204). Rome makes peace with Philip V. Rome annexes section of Spanish territory.
• 203 Hannibal recalled to Carthage
• 202 Romans (under Scipio) defeat Carthaginians (under Hannibal) at Zama
• 201 Peace treaty between Rome and Carthage, imposing 50-year indemnity, etc.
• 197 Romans regularize control over their new Spanish possessions

• 196 Flamininus proclaims "Freedom" of Greece
• 192 Rome declares war on King Antiochus III of Syria and the Aetolians
• 191 Decisive defeat of the Boii in the plain of the Po
• 190 First Roman troops in Asia Minor; they defeat Antiochus at Magnesia
• 188 Peace settlement between Rome and Antiochus (Treaty of Apamea)
• 187 - 172 Roman attacks on Ligurians
• 174 Pause in Roman conquest of Spain
• 171 Rome declares war on King Perseus of Macedon (Third Macedonian War)
• 168 Battle of Pydna
• 167 Macedon and Illyria subdivided. Direct taxation of Roman citizens ceases. Renewal of wars in Liguria.
• 158 Romans begin exploitation of mines in Macedon
• 156 - 155 Roman campaigns in Dalmatia
• 155 Ptolemy Physcon, King of Cyrene, made will bequeathing his kingdom to Rome
• 155 - 133 Renewed wars in Spain
• 152 Last year of Carthaginian indemnity payment to Rome
• 151 - 150 Carthage at war with King Massinissa of Numidia
• 149 - 146 Third Punic War
• 149 Calpurnian Law
• 146 Destruction of Corinth and Carthage
• 134 or 133 Attalus III, king of Pergamum, bequeaths kingdom to Rome
• 125 - 121 Roman conquest of southern Gaul
• 119 or 116 Phrygia added to province of "Asia"
• 111 - 105 War against King Jugurtha of Numidia

• 241 B.C. Sicily
• 238 Sardinia
• 230s Corsica
• 205 Nearer and Further Spain
• 148 Macedon
• 146 Africa and Achaea
• 133 Asia
• 121 Gallia Narbonensis
• c. 120 Phrygia
• c. 116 Lycaonia
• 101 Cilicia
• 74 Bithynia and Cyrene
• 65 Pontus
• 64 Syria and Crete
• 58 Cyprus
• 50s Gaul and Illyricum
• 46 Numidia
• 30 Egypt
• c. 29 Moesia
• 25 Galatia
• 16 Noricum and Raetia
• c. 13 Panonia
• A.D. 6 Judaea
• 17 Cappadocia
• 42 Mauretania
• 43 Britain
• 101 Dacia
• 106 Arabia

L. Licinius LUCULLUS (117 - 56), consul in 74, defeated Mithridates, died insane.

M. Licinius CRASSUS (about 114 - 53), consul in 70 and 55, fabled for his wealth.

M. Tullius CICERO (106 - 43), consul 63, the leading orator of the age.

Cn. POMPEIUS (Engl.: Pompey) Magnus (106 - 48), consul in 70, 55 and 52. Called 'occultior, non melior' by the harsh Tacitus.

C. Iulius CAESAR (100 - 44), dictator, bisexual, nearly a god for the Romans.

M. Porcius CATO (95 - 46), great-grandson of the Censor, Stoic, republican diehard, suicide.

P. CLODIUS Pulcher (about 92 - 52), tribune of the people 58; murdered 18.1.52, whereupon his supporters burned down the Senate.

M. Aemilius LEPIDUS (about 89 - 13 or 12), Caesarian consul 46, triumvir 43 - 33, pontifex maximus from 44 until his death.

M. Iunius BRUTUS (85 - 42), praetor 44, tyrannicide, not above financial reproach.

C. CASSIUS Longinus (about 84 - 42), praetor 44, tyrannicide.

C. Valerius CATULLUS (probably 84 - 54), with Lucretius one of the two great Latin poets of his generation.

M. ANTONIUS (Engl.: Antony) (about 83 - 30), consul 44, triumvir, lover of Cleopatra.

D. Iunius BRUTUS (late 80s - 43), not a very close relative of M. Brutus, praetor 45, tyrannicide.

IUNIA (born 70s), sister of M. Brutus, wife of Lepidus.

PORCIA (mid-70s - 43), daughter of Cato, wife first of M. Calpurnius Bibulus (cos. 59), later of M. Brutus.

OCTAVIA (about 65 - 11), sister of Octavian, wife of Antony.

C. Iulius Caesar OCTAVIANUS (Engl.: Octavian) AUGUSTUS (63 BC - 14 AD), first princeps, outlived his enemies.

LIVIA (58 BC - 29 AD), married Octavian at nineteen while pregnant by her first husband.