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Subject: Avui Paper Economia
Date: Wed, 9 Sep 2009 19:24:27 +0200
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Content-Location: http://paper.avui.cat/article/economia/174019/cada/cop/menys/competitius.html
Avui Paper =
Economia
RETROC=C9S Espanya passa del lloc 29 al 33 en el r=E0nquing del =
F=F2rum Econ=F2mic=20
Mundial CANVI Els Estats Units cedeixen el lideratge a Su=EFssa
Xavier Alegret
Qu=E8 tenen en com=FA Xile, Mal=E0isia, Irlanda i Qatar? Que tots =
s=F3n m=E9s=20
competitius que l'Estat espanyol, segons el r=E0nquing elaborat pel =
F=F2rum Econ=F2mic=20
Mundial en el seu Informe Global de Competitivitat 2009-2010. Espanya =
ocupa el=20
33=E8 lloc d'entre 133 pa=EFsos de tot el m=F3n i ha caigut quatre llocs =
en l'=FAltim=20
any, per=EDode en qu=E8 l'han superat, per exemple, la Xina, la =
Rep=FAblica Txeca i=20
Brunei.
Aquesta =E9s, doncs, una constataci=F3 que l'Estat espanyol est=E0 =
patint la crisi=20
amb m=E9s cruesa que els pa=EFsos del seu entorn. Per exemple, Su=E8cia, =
Alemanya i=20
Fran=E7a es mantenen en els llocs de l'any anterior: 4, 7 i 16, =
respectivament.=20
Dinamarca ha perdut dos llocs, del 3 al 5, cam=ED invers del que ha fet =
Singapur,=20
mentre que el Regne Unit ha perdut un lloc, del 12 al 13. Els Estats =
Units tamb=E9=20
han retrocedit un lloc i han perdut el lideratge davant de Su=EFssa. =
Malgrat la=20
mala posici=F3 espanyola, hi ha pa=EFsos europeus en pitjor situaci=F3, =
com Portugal=20
(en el lloc 43), It=E0lia (48) i Gr=E8cia (71), a m=E9s dels pa=EFsos de =
l'Est.
Una altra de les constatacions de l'enquesta =E9s que els pa=EFsos =
asi=E0tics ja=20
enfilen la recta final de la crisi. Singapur, el Jap=F3, Hong Kong, =
Taiwan, Qatar,=20
els Emirats =C0rabs, la Xina i Brunei, entre d'altres, avancen posicions =
en el=20
r=E0nquing. En canvi, els pa=EFsos llatinoamericans i africans, aix=ED =
com alguns de=20
l'est d'Europa, es mantenen lluny dels pa=EFsos m=E9s competitius, sense =
variacions=20
significatives.
Pitjor en tot
L'informe ha estat elaborat per economistes de prestigi de tot el =
m=F3n, entre=20
ells Xavier Sala i Mart=EDn, a partir d'enquestes a 13.000 l=EDders =
empresarials de=20
133 pa=EFsos. El r=E0nquing =E9s fruit de m=E9s de 120 subr=E0nquings =
que avaluen tots els=20
factors de competitivitat, com el mercat financer, els impostos, =
l'ocupaci=F3,=20
l'educaci=F3, la salut, la seguretat, les infraestructures, etc.
En la majoria, Espanya no surt ben parada: t=E9 el mercat de treball =
m=E9s r=EDgid=20
entre les principals economies i la seva educaci=F3 =E9s bastant pitjor =
(a excepci=F3=20
de les escoles de negocis, en qu=E8 =E9s cinquena), aix=ED com les seves =
infraestructures, sobretot les de transport aeri i energ=E8tiques.
Tots=20
els continguts de l'AVUI s=F3n consultables a trav=E9s d'internet, de =
forma oberta i=20
gratu=EFta. Les p=E0gines originals en paper, en canvi, no es podran =
consultar via=20
PDF i nom=E9s s'oferiran al quiosc.
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/*
* jQuery form plugin
* @requires jQuery v1.0.3
*
* Dual licensed under the MIT and GPL licenses:
* http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
* http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html
*
* Revision: $Id: jqForm.js,v 1.1 2007/04/16 12:04:04 jpenin Exp $
* Version: .95
*/
/**
* ajaxSubmit() provides a mechanism for submitting an HTML form using =
AJAX.
*
* ajaxSubmit accepts a single argument which can be either a success =
callback function
* or an options Object. If a function is provided it will be invoked =
upon successful
* completion of the submit and will be passed the response from the =
server.
* If an options Object is provided, the following attributes are =
supported:
*
* target: Identifies the element(s) in the page to be updated with =
the server response.
* This value may be specified as a jQuery selection string, =
a jQuery object,
* or a DOM element.
* default value: null
*
* url: URL to which the form data will be submitted.
* default value: value of form's 'action' attribute
*
* type: The method in which the form data should be submitted, =
'GET' or 'POST'.
* default value: value of form's 'method' attribute (or =
'GET' if none found)
*
* beforeSubmit: Callback method to be invoked before the form is =
submitted.
* default value: null
*
* success: Callback method to be invoked after the form has been =
successfully submitted
* and the response has been returned from the server
* default value: null
*
* dataType: Expected dataType of the response. One of: null, 'xml', =
'script', or 'json'
* default value: null
*
* semantic: Boolean flag indicating whether data must be submitted in =
semantic order (slower).
* default value: false
*
* resetForm: Boolean flag indicating whether the form should be reset =
if the submit is successful
*
* clearForm: Boolean flag indicating whether the form should be =
cleared if the submit is successful
*
*
* The 'beforeSubmit' callback can be provided as a hook for running =
pre-submit logic or for
* validating the form data. If the 'beforeSubmit' callback returns =
false then the form will
* not be submitted. The 'beforeSubmit' callback is invoked with three =
arguments: the form data
* in array format, the jQuery object, and the options object passed =
into ajaxSubmit.
* The form data array takes the following form:
*
* [ { name: 'username', value: 'jresig' }, { name: 'password', =
value: 'secret' } ]
*
* If a 'success' callback method is provided it is invoked after the =
response has been returned
* from the server. It is passed the responseText or responseXML value =
(depending on dataType).
* See jQuery.ajax for further details.
*
*
* The dataType option provides a means for specifying how the server =
response should be handled.
* This maps directly to the jQuery.httpData method. The following =
values are supported:
*
* 'xml': if dataType =3D=3D 'xml' the server response is =
treated as XML and the 'after'
* callback method, if specified, will be passed the =
responseXML value
* 'json': if dataType =3D=3D 'json' the server response will be =
evaluted and passed to
* the 'after' callback, if specified
* 'script': if dataType =3D=3D 'script' the server response is =
evaluated in the global context
*
*
* Note that it does not make sense to use both the 'target' and =
'dataType' options. If both
* are provided the target will be ignored.
*
* The semantic argument can be used to force form serialization in =
semantic order.
* This is normally true anyway, unless the form contains input elements =
of type=3D'image'.
* If your form must be submitted with name/value pairs in semantic =
order and your form
* contains an input of type=3D'image" then pass true for this arg, =
otherwise pass false
* (or nothing) to avoid the overhead for this logic.
*
*
* When used on its own, ajaxSubmit() is typically bound to a form's =
submit event like this:
*
* $("#form-id").submit(function() {
* $(this).ajaxSubmit(options);
* return false; // cancel conventional submit
* });
*
* When using ajaxForm(), however, this is done for you.
*
* @example
* $('#myForm').ajaxSubmit(function(data) {
* alert('Form submit succeeded! Server returned: ' + data);
* });
* @desc Submit form and alert server response
*
*
* @example
* var options =3D {
* target: '#myTargetDiv'
* };
* $('#myForm').ajaxSubmit(options);
* @desc Submit form and update page element with server response
*
*
* @example
* var options =3D {
* success: function(responseText) {
* alert(responseText);
* }
* };
* $('#myForm').ajaxSubmit(options);
* @desc Submit form and alert the server response
*
*
* @example
* var options =3D {
* beforeSubmit: function(formArray, jqForm) {
* if (formArray.length =3D=3D 0) {
* alert('Please enter data.');
* return false;
* }
* }
* };
* $('#myForm').ajaxSubmit(options);
* @desc Pre-submit validation which aborts the submit operation if form =
data is empty
*
*
* @example
* var options =3D {
* url: myJsonUrl.php,
* dataType: 'json',
* success: function(data) {
* // 'data' is an object representing the the evaluated json =
data
* }
* };
* $('#myForm').ajaxSubmit(options);
* @desc json data returned and evaluated
*
*
* @example
* var options =3D {
* url: myXmlUrl.php,
* dataType: 'xml',
* success: function(responseXML) {
* // responseXML is XML document object
* var data =3D $('myElement', responseXML).text();
* }
* };
* $('#myForm').ajaxSubmit(options);
* @desc XML data returned from server
*
*
* @example
* var options =3D {
* resetForm: true
* };
* $('#myForm').ajaxSubmit(options);
* @desc submit form and reset it if successful
*
* @example
* $('#myForm).submit(function() {
* $(this).ajaxSubmit();
* return false;
* });
* @desc Bind form's submit event to use ajaxSubmit
*
*
* @name ajaxSubmit
* @type jQuery
* @param options object literal containing options which control the =
form submission process
* @cat Plugins/Form
* @return jQuery
* @see formToArray
* @see ajaxForm
* @see $.ajax
* @author jQuery Community
*/
jQuery.fn.ajaxSubmit =3D function(options) {
if (typeof options =3D=3D 'function')
options =3D { success: options };
options =3D options || {};
options.url =3D options.url || this.attr('action') || =
window.location;
options.type =3D options.type || this.attr('method') || 'GET';
var a =3D this.formToArray(options.semantic);
// give pre-submit callback an opportunity to abort the submit
if (options.beforeSubmit && options.beforeSubmit(a, this, options) =
=3D=3D=3D false) return this;
// fire vetoable 'validate' event
var veto =3D {};
jQuery.event.trigger('form.submit.validate', [a, this, options, =
veto]);
if (veto.veto)
return this;
var q =3D jQuery.param(a);//.replace(/%20/g,'+');
if (options.type.toUpperCase() =3D=3D 'GET') {
options.url +=3D (options.url.indexOf('?') >=3D 0 ? '&' : '?') + =
q;
options.data =3D null; // data is null for 'get'
}
else
options.data =3D q; // data is the query string for 'post'
var $form =3D this, callbacks =3D [];
if (options.resetForm) callbacks.push(function() { =
$form.resetForm(); });
if (options.clearForm) callbacks.push(function() { =
$form.clearForm(); });
// perform a load on the target only if dataType is not provided
if (!options.dataType && options.target) {
var oldSuccess =3D options.success || function(){};
callbacks.push(function(data, status) {
jQuery(options.target).attr("innerHTML", =
data).evalScripts().each(oldSuccess, [data, status]);
});
}
else if (options.success)
callbacks.push(options.success);
options.success =3D function(data, status) {
for (var i=3D0, max=3Dcallbacks.length; i < max; i++)
callbacks[i](data, status);
};
// are there files to upload?
var files =3D jQuery('input:file', this).fieldValue();
var found =3D false;
for (var j=3D0; j < files.length; j++)
if (files[j])=20
found =3D true;
if (options.iframe || found) // options.iframe allows user to force =
iframe mode
fileUpload();
else
jQuery.ajax(options);
// fire 'notify' event
jQuery.event.trigger('form.submit.notify', [this, options]);
return this;
// private function for handling file uploads (hat tip to YAHOO!)
function fileUpload() {
var form =3D $form[0];
var opts =3D jQuery.extend({}, jQuery.ajaxSettings, options);
=20
var id =3D 'jqFormIO' + jQuery.fn.ajaxSubmit.counter++;
var $io =3D jQuery(' =
elements (if the element
* is used to submit the form).
* 2. This method will include the submit element's name/value data (for =
the element that was
* used to submit the form).
* 3. This method binds the submit() method to the form for you.
*
* Note that for accurate x/y coordinates of image submit elements in =
all browsers
* you need to also use the "dimensions" plugin (this method will =
auto-detect its presence).
*
* The options argument for ajaxForm works exactly as it does for =
ajaxSubmit. ajaxForm merely
* passes the options argument along after properly binding events for =
submit elements and
* the form itself. See ajaxSubmit for a full description of the =
options argument.
*
*
* @example
* var options =3D {
* target: '#myTargetDiv'
* };
* $('#myForm').ajaxSForm(options);
* @desc Bind form's submit event so that 'myTargetDiv' is updated with =
the server response
* when the form is submitted.
*
*
* @example
* var options =3D {
* success: function(responseText) {
* alert(responseText);
* }
* };
* $('#myForm').ajaxSubmit(options);
* @desc Bind form's submit event so that server response is alerted =
after the form is submitted.
*
*
* @example
* var options =3D {
* beforeSubmit: function(formArray, jqForm) {
* if (formArray.length =3D=3D 0) {
* alert('Please enter data.');
* return false;
* }
* }
* };
* $('#myForm').ajaxSubmit(options);
* @desc Bind form's submit event so that pre-submit callback is invoked =
before the form
* is submitted.
*
*
* @name ajaxForm
* @param options object literal containing options which control the =
form submission process
* @return jQuery
* @cat Plugins/Form
* @type jQuery
* @see ajaxSubmit
* @author jQuery Community
*/
jQuery.fn.ajaxForm =3D function(options) {
return this.each(function() {
jQuery("input:submit,input:image,button:submit", =
this).click(function(ev) {
var $form =3D this.form;
$form.clk =3D this;
if (this.type =3D=3D 'image') {
if (ev.offsetX !=3D undefined) {
$form.clk_x =3D ev.offsetX;
$form.clk_y =3D ev.offsetY;
} else if (typeof jQuery.fn.offset =3D=3D 'function') { =
// try to use dimensions plugin
var offset =3D jQuery(this).offset();
$form.clk_x =3D ev.pageX - offset.left;
$form.clk_y =3D ev.pageY - offset.top;
} else {
$form.clk_x =3D ev.pageX - this.offsetLeft;
$form.clk_y =3D ev.pageY - this.offsetTop;
}
}
// clear form vars
setTimeout(function() {
$form.clk =3D $form.clk_x =3D $form.clk_y =3D null;
}, 10);
})
}).submit(function(e) {
jQuery(this).ajaxSubmit(options);
return false;
});
};
/**
* formToArray() gathers form element data into an array of objects that =
can
* be passed to any of the following ajax functions: $.get, $.post, or =
load.
* Each object in the array has both a 'name' and 'value' property. An =
example of
* an array for a simple login form might be:
*
* [ { name: 'username', value: 'jresig' }, { name: 'password', value: =
'secret' } ]
*
* It is this array that is passed to pre-submit callback functions =
provided to the
* ajaxSubmit() and ajaxForm() methods.
*
* The semantic argument can be used to force form serialization in =
semantic order.
* This is normally true anyway, unless the form contains input elements =
of type=3D'image'.
* If your form must be submitted with name/value pairs in semantic =
order and your form
* contains an input of type=3D'image" then pass true for this arg, =
otherwise pass false
* (or nothing) to avoid the overhead for this logic.
*
* @example var data =3D $("#myForm").formToArray();
* $.post( "myscript.cgi", data );
* @desc Collect all the data from a form and submit it to the server.
*
* @name formToArray
* @param semantic true if serialization must maintain strict semantic =
ordering of elements (slower)
* @type Array
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