Espa=F1a pierde = competitividad

Espa=F1a, con la tasa de paro m=E1s alta de los pa=EDses = industrializados, es uno=20 de los pa=EDses en que resulta m=E1s dif=EDcil crear una empresa o = contratar=20 trabajadores, seg=FAn el Banco Mundial y el Foro de Davos. En pleno = debate sobre=20 el cambio de modelo productivo, dos informes publicados ayer por dichas=20 instituciones ponen de relieve la p=E9rdida de competitividad de la = econom=EDa=20 espa=F1ola y las carencias que obstaculizan su crecimiento y anticipan = lo dif=EDcil=20 que ser=E1 recuperar la confianza de los mercados internacionales, algo = esencial=20 para la recuperaci=F3n.

Espa=F1a pierde 11 posiciones en la clasificaci=F3n Doing Business = (Hacer=20 Negocios) del Banco Mundial que mide la facilidad o las trabas para = la=20 actividad empresarial en 183 pa=EDses del mundo. Con esa ca=EDda (s=F3lo = superada por=20 Namibia, que pierde 12 posiciones), Espa=F1a pasa a ocupar el puesto = n=FAmero 62.=20 Entre los pa=EDses m=E1s desarrollados, los miembros de la = Organizaci=F3n para la=20 Cooperaci=F3n y el Desarrollo Econ=F3mico (OCDE), s=F3lo Luxemburgo, = Rep=FAblica Checa,=20 Italia y Grecia van por detr=E1s de Espa=F1a en el ranking, que = encabezan=20 Singapur, Nueva Zelanda y Hong Kong.

En el =CDndice de Competitividad Global que publica anualmente el = Foro=20 Econ=F3mico Mundial, o Foro de Davos, Espa=F1a pierde cuatro posiciones = al pasar del=20 puesto 29=BA al 33=BA de los 134 pa=EDses analizados. Emiratos =C1rabes, = China,=20 Rep=FAblica Checa y Brunei han adelantado a nuestro pa=EDs en el = =FAltimo a=F1o. Entre=20 los pa=EDses de la zona euro, s=F3lo Chipre, Eslovenia, Portugal, = Eslovaquia,=20 Italia, Malta y Grecia est=E1n por detr=E1s de Espa=F1a. Y, lo que es = peor, cuando el=20 Foro de Davos ha pedido a expertos que analicen el impacto de la actual = recesi=F3n=20 sobre la competitividad a largo plazo de las principales 37 econom=EDas, = la=20 conclusi=F3n es demoledora: s=F3lo Islandia saldr=E1 peor parada que = Espa=F1a.

La lista del Foro de Davos, elaborada mediante una combinaci=F3n de = datos=20 oficiales y entrevistas a 13.000 directivos de todo el mundo, la = encabeza Suiza,=20 que ha desbancado a EE UU del primer puesto debido a la crisis del = sistema=20 financiero de la primera econom=EDa mundial. La clasificaci=F3n utiliza = 110=20 indicadores agrupados en 12 ep=EDgrafes. El profesor espa=F1ol de la = Universidad de=20 Columbia Xavier Sala i Mart=ED es uno de los coautores del estudio.

Las cr=EDticas en ambos informes son muy similares. El Foro = Econ=F3mico Mundial=20 subraya la existencia en Espa=F1a de un mercado laboral "altamente = inflexible" que=20 desincentiva la creaci=F3n de empleo, una situaci=F3n que considera = especialmente=20 alarmante trat=E1ndose del pa=EDs con el =EDndice de paro m=E1s alto de = la zona euro.=20 Seg=FAn el an=E1lisis del Banco Mundial, esa situaci=F3n se explica por = las rigideces=20 del sistema para contratar a un trabajador y fijar su horario laboral, = as=ED como=20 por el coste del despido, equivalente a 56 semanas de salario, m=E1s del = doble de=20 la media de la OCDE (26,6). Uno de los expertos consultados por el Banco = para=20 elaborar su informe, =CD=F1igo Sagardoy, de Sagardoy Abogados, destaca = que "la=20 elevada inseguridad jur=EDdica del mercado laboral desincentiva la = inversi=F3n=20 extranjera en Espa=F1a".

A la p=E9rdida de puestos en el escalaf=F3n de pa=EDses m=E1s = competitivos tambi=E9n ha=20 contribuido, y as=ED lo destaca el Foro de Davos, el debilitamiento de = la=20 estabilidad macroecon=F3mica -Espa=F1a baja del puesto 30 al 62 en este = apartado-,=20 que ha tra=EDdo consigo un aumento tanto del d=E9ficit p=FAblico como de = la deuda.

Davos critica tambi=E9n la existencia de un marco institucional que = constri=F1e=20 el potencial econ=F3mico de Espa=F1a y hace una menci=F3n especial a la = p=E9rdida de 14=20 puestos, hasta el n=FAmero 50, en el apartado correspondiente al sector=20 financiero. "Esto es especialmente interesante, porque el sector = financiero=20 espa=F1ol fue elogiado por los l=EDderes mundiales durante la cumbre del = G-20 en=20 2008, justo antes de que las empresas de la construcci=F3n cayeran en la = bancarrota como resultado de la explosi=F3n de la burbuja financiera, = causando un=20 considerable agujero en los balances de sus principales instituciones=20 financieras", dice el informe.

Ah=ED discrepa el Banco Mundial. Aunque el organismo reconoce que "la = crisis ha=20 provocado que el acceso al cr=E9dito sea m=E1s dif=EDcil en el =E1mbito = global", Espa=F1a=20 mantiene en este cap=EDtulo la buena clasificaci=F3n del a=F1o anterior = (puesto 43).=20 Claro que la entidad valora la completa informaci=F3n sobre las = condiciones de los=20 cr=E9ditos y la protecci=F3n legal tanto para el deudor como para el = prestamista,=20 m=E1s que la evoluci=F3n en la concesi=F3n de pr=E9stamos.

M=E1s cr=EDtico se muestra el Banco Mundial con las dificultades para = crear una=20 empresa, un procedimiento que s=F3lo es m=E1s complicado en Grecia y que = en ning=FAn=20 pa=EDs de la OCDE tarda tanto. En Espa=F1a hace falta superar 10 = tr=E1mites que pueden=20 llevar 47 d=EDas, seg=FAn el informe. Y el Banco advierte: "Los = an=E1lisis demuestran=20 que penalizar la apertura de nuevos negocios restringe la inversi=F3n = privada,=20 empuja a m=E1s gente a la econom=EDa sumergida, encarece los precios y = alimenta la=20 corrupci=F3n".

La =FAnica reforma llevada a cabo para facilitar los negocios en = Espa=F1a -seg=FAn=20 destaca el informe- es la rebaja del impuesto sobre sociedades del 32,5% = al 30%.=20 Una medida que el Gobierno aprob=F3 en 2007 y que se empez=F3 a aplicar = en 2008.

No todo es negativo. Seg=FAn el informe del Foro de Davos, Espa=F1a = disfruta de=20 la ventaja de tener un mercado amplio para sus empresas, una arraigada = cultura=20 para los negocios, buenas infraestructuras, un aceptable nivel = tecnol=F3gico y un=20 buen sistema de educaci=F3n superior. En el ranking del Banco = Mundial,=20 Espa=F1a, que tantas dificultades pone para crear una empresa, saca su = mejor=20 puntuaci=F3n en las facilidades que da para cerrarla.

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cacheCapas();=0A= =0A= =0A= String.prototype.parseScripts =3D function () {=0A= var texto =3D this.valueOf(); =0A= //Definimos la expresi=F3n regular para sacar los scripts=0A= scriptsREGEXP =3D /(?:)((\n|\r|.)*?)(?:<\/script>)/gi;=0A= //recogemos todos los scripts.=0A= resultados =3D texto.match(scriptsREGEXP);=0A= //Y evaluamos todo lo que est=E1 entre la etiqueta

Versi=F3n para=20 imprimir

Espa=F1a pierde competitividad

El Banco Mundial y el Foro de Davos ponen de relieve las carencias = de la=20 econom=EDa espa=F1ola y auguran una dif=EDcil salida de la recesi=F3n =