World Real Interest Rates
Robert J. Barro and Xavier X. Sala-i-Martin
In Blanchard, Olivier Jean; Fischer, Stanley, eds. NBER
macroeconomics annual 1990.
Cambridge, Mass., MIT
Press 1990, pp. 15-61.
Abstract
We think of the expected real interest rate for ten OECD countries (our counterpart of the world economy) as determined by the equation of aggregate investment demand to aggregate saving. Stock-market returns isolate shifts to investment demand, and changes in oil prices, monetary growth, and fiscal variables isolate shifts to desired saving. We estimated the reduced form for GDP-weighted world averages of the expected short-term real interest rate and the investment ratio over the period 1959-1988. The estimates reveal significant effects in the predicted direction for world stock returns, oil prices, and world monetary growth, but fiscal variables turned out to be unimportant.
Structural estimation implies that an increase by one percentage point in the expected real interest rate raises the desired saving rate by one-third of a percentage point. Simulations of the model indicated that fluctuations in world stock returns and oil prices explain a good deal of the time series for the world average of expected real interest rates; Specifically, why the rates were low in 1974-79 and high in 1981-86. The model also explains the fall in real rates in 1987-88 and the subsequent upturn in 1989.
We estimated systems of equations for individual countries' expected real interest rates and investment ratios. One finding is that each country 's expected real interest rate depends primarily on world factors, rather than own-country factors, thereby suggesting a good deal of integration of world capital and goods markets.
Descriptors
Domestic Monetary Theory; Empirical Studies Illustrating
Theory, 3112. Domestic Monetary Policy, Including All Central
Banking Topics, 3116. Open Economy Macroeconomic Studies--
Balance of Payments and Adjustment Mechanisms, 4313. Exchange
Rates and Markets--Theory and Studies, 4314. Macroeconomic
Theory--General, 0230.
This paper also circulated as
NBER Working Paper # 3317, April 1990