/*SHORT TITLE: Codebook for SKYJACK File */
DESCRIPTION OF VARIABLES IN SKYJACK FILE
This file includes terrorist hijackings which appear in the COMMON file as
well as hijackings engaged in by non-terrorists.
YR. Date of start of incident--year
The beginning of the incident is considered to be the date at the scene of
the incident in which it first became apparent to individuals other than
the initiators that a hijacking was taking place.
Values:
78 1978
79 1979
.
.
87 1987
MO. Date of start of incident--month
See description for variable 1.
Values:
01 January
02 February
.
.
12 December
99 Unknown month
DAY. Date of start of incident--day
See description for variable 1.
Values:
01
.
.
31
99 Unknown day
IN_NUM. Incident code number
A unique 2-digit code number is assigned to each discrete incident which
occurs on a given day. Specific incidents may thus be accessed by calling
up the first 8 digits of an entry for an incident. These eight digits link
the SKYJACK file to the COMMON, FATE, and HOSTAGE files, where appropriate.
Values:
00
01
.
.
99
S5. Duration in hours
Values:
00 Less than 1 hour
01-97 Actual hours
98 Unknown, but more than 1 hour
99 Unknown
Airline Information:
S6. Type of plane
Values:
001 BAC-111
002 Twin-engined Malev
003 DC-3
004 DC-4
005 DC-10
006 DC-6, DC-6B
007 F-7
008 Catalina flying boat
009 Dakota
010 Piper Apache PA10
011 Vickers Viscount
012 Constellation
013 YAK-12
014 Piper Apache PA10
015 Ilyushin IL-14
016 VC-10
017 FH-227
018 DC-8
019 DC-9
020 B-720
021 Cessna 210
022 Antonov AN-2
023 Piper Apache PA23
024 Antonov AN-24
025 HS 125 air taxi
026 YS-11 twin turboprop
027 Fokker F-27
028 Ilyushin 18
029 YS-11A
030 YAK 40
031 Viscount 810
032 Cessna 310
033 Cessna 150
034 Comet IV
035 Cessna 206
036 Cessna Skymaster 336
037 DH 114
038 A-300 Airbus
039 L-410
040 Cessna 9-passenger 402
041 C-141
042 Islander BN2A
043 Grumman Goose 73
044 Convair twin-engine VC 440
045 4-engined plane, not further identified
046 C-46
047 C-47
048 Hawker Siddeley twin-engined turboprop 748
049 L-1049 Super Constellation
050 TU-104
051 Lockheed Electra
052 Junkers 52
053 Beechcraft C-45
054 Ilyushin twin-engined 14
055 Beechcraft D-80
056 TU-134
057 DeHavilland Heron 157
058 Convair 580
059 Caravelle 50
060 CV-600
061 DeHavilland Twin Otter
062 Lockheed L-1011 TriStar
064 CV-640
065 Zlin cropduster
066 Saunders ST-27
067 SC-7
068 Aero Commander Hawk 681
070 Boeing 707
071 B-727
072 Cessna 172
073 B-737
074 B-747 jumbo jet
075 Trident
077 Cessna 177
078 AVRO 748
079 Piper Cherokee 140
080 Convair CV-880
081 Piper Commanche
082 Cessna 182
085 twin-engined Cherokee
086 F-862
087 Piper twin-engined Seneca
088 Electra L-188
089 Cessna 180
090 helicopter
091 Caravelle not further identified
092 twin-engined plane, not further identified
093 Viscount 4-engined turboprop
094 Fokker twin-engined plane
095 Beechcraft plane, not further identified
096 Piper twin-engined Navajo
097 Convair plane, not further identified
098 Convair 990
099 Piper twin-engined plane
100 Fokker Friendship
101 A-310 Airbus
102 Metroliner twin-engined plane
103 B-3 military plane
105 Commander-500 S
124 IL-24
127 B-727-200
130 C-130 military plane
131 Aztec, twin-engined cropduster
132 Aviocar
133 DeHavilland Dash-7
134 Martin 404
135 Tupoler TU-54
136 Ilyushin IL-86
137 Ilyushin 76T
138 TU-154
139 twin-engined Cessna
140 Fokker 28
141 HK-3184 Helicopter
142 Antonov AN-26
143 Bell Jet Ranger Helicopter
144 unidentified Cessna
145 Fokker ATR-42
999 Unknown
S7. Airline company
Airlines appear by region, in the order in which they were first hijacked.
(This variable includes the same information, but is coded somewhat
differently than its predecessors in ITERATE 1 and 2. ITERATE 2 codes
appear to the right of the entries.) Firms which are not identified as
being general aviation carriers fly regularly-scheduled flights. Such
American firms became subject to mandatory passenger screening in 1973.
The regional organization of this variable is:
000-199 US companies
200-399 European companies
400-499 Middle Eastern companies
500-599 Latin American companies
600-699 Far East and Asian companies
700-799 Eastern bloc companies
800-899 African companies
900-998 Other companies
999 Unknown
Specific Values:
000 National Airlines 027
001 Eastern Air Lines 028
002 PAC Pacific Air Lines 029
003 Continental Air Lines 030
004 Pan Am 031
005 American Aviation 035
006 local US 038
007 Hawaiian Airlines 040
008 Aloha Airlines 041
009 Crescent Airlines, a US charter 048
010 Delta Airlines 049
011 Southeast Airlines 052
012 Northwest Orient Airlines 053
013 TWA, Trans World Airlines 054
014 Island City Flying Service, a US charter 055
015 Naples Airlines, a US charter 057
016 Key West Airlines, a US charter 061
017 United Airlines 065
018 Northeast Airlines 072
019 Texas International 073
020 Caldwell Aviation Corporation, a US charter 104
021 North Central Airways 105
022 American Air Lines 109
023 Allegheny Airlines 125
024 PRINAIR Puerto Rican International Airlines 126
025 Western Airlines 130
026 American Air Taxi, a US charter firm 131
027 private US plane 132
028 Hughes Air West 135
029 Piedmont Airways 137
030 Braniff 139
031 Big Brother, Inc., a US general aviation firm 141
032 Wein Consolidated Salta 142
033 Pacific Southwest Airlines 148
034 SFO Helicopter Company, US general aviation 149
035 Mohawk Airlines 150
036 Chalk's Flying Service, US general aviation 152
037 Tortugas Airways, a US general aviation firm 153
038 Puerto Rican commuter flight firm 156
039 Frontier Airlines 157
040 Alaska Airlines 158
041 Southern Airways 168
042 Ozark Airways 171
043 JDJ Flying Service, a US charter firm 174
044 Trans-International Airways, US charter firm 176
045 Wall Street Helicopters, US general aviation 186
046 Air Charter, Inc., a US general aviation firm 187
047 Big Horn Airways, a US general aviation firm 188
048 Tampa Flying Service, US general aviation 193
049 Air New England 195
050 Sawyer Aviation, a US general aviation firm 196
051 Hi Lift Helicopters, US general aviation 197
052 Atlanta Aero, a US general aviation firm 201
053 Tri State Aero, a US general aviation firm 202
054 California Air Charter, US general aviation 203
055 Heinzmann Engineering Company, general avia. 206
056 Royal American Flyers, US general aviation 207
057 Gulf Air 210
058 Rio Airways
059 United States Mail Service
060 Capital Airlines
061 New York Air
062 Marco Island Airways
063 Fostaire Helicopter, a US general aviation firm
064 Global International Airways
065 Florida Air
066 Republic Airlines
067 Eastern Metro Express
068 People's Express
069 Aris Helicopter Limited, a US general aviation firm
070 Canadian Pacific Air
071 Horizon Air
200 local Greek 009
201 Transportes Aeros, a Portuguese firm 032
202 local French 034
203 KLM Royal Dutch Airways 036
204 Portuguese military plane 037
205 British charter 045
206 Air Canada 059
207 Olympic Airways, a Greek firm 063
208 DIA, a Portuguese firm 074
209 Turkish Airways 083
210 Air Icelandic 093
211 Iberian Airways, a Spanish firm 096
212 Alitalia 110
213 Etapa Air Taxi, a Portuguese firm 115
214 Swissair 120
215 BOAC British Overseas Airways 121
216 indeterminate Swiss firm 129
217 Transair-Midwest, a Canadian firm 133
218 SAS Scandinavian Airlines System, Swedish 134
219 Finnair 138
220 Lufthansa 151
221 Sabena 160
222 Scanair 163
223 UTA, a French firm 164
224 Aero Transporti Italiani 167
225 Quebec Air 169
226 Pacific Western, a Canadian firm 170
227 Air Inter Airlines, a French firm 172
228 Air France 179
229 Irish Helicopters, Inc. 180
230 British Airways 183
231 Dundalk Aero Club, an Eire firm 190
232 Canadian Pacific Airlines 192
233 TAP, a Portuguese firm 205
234 Aer Lingus, an Eire firm 209
235 Braathen Airlines
236 Sfair Freight Company, a French general aviation firm
400 local Egyptian 043
401 El Al 056
402 Misrair, an Egyptian firm 080
403 Iranian National Airlines 112
404 Saudi Arabian Airlines 113
405 Air Algerie 119
406 Egyptian Airlines 122
407 Indian Airlines 128
408 ALIA Royal Jordanian Airlines 140
409 Pakistan International Airlines 145
410 Al Yemda, a South Yemeni firm 166
411 MEA Middle East Airways, an Egyptian firm 175
412 Yemen Airways 178
413 Air India 194
414 Libyan Arab Airlines 208
415 Air Kuwait 212
416 Iranian military
417 Libyan military
418 Royal Air Maroc
419 Air Tunisia
420 Middle East Airlines, a Lebanese firm
421 Lebanese military
422 Asseman Airlines, a Iranian firm
424 Iraqi Airways
425 Ariana Afghan Airlines
500 local Peruvian 001
501 Faucett, a Peruvian firm 002
502 local Bolivian 017
503 Cubana 019
504 local Haitian 021
505 Aerovias, a Cuban firm 022
506 Panair do Brazil 023
507 Cuban general aviation firm 024
508 AVENSA 033
509 Cuban military plane 039
510 Aerocondor, a Colombian firm 042, 046
511 AVIANCA 047
512 local Mexican 050
513 VIASA, Venezuelan Airlines 051
514 Island Flying Service, a Bahamas charter 058
515 Aeromaya, a Mexican firm 060
516 SEASA, a Mexican firm 062
517 CMA, a Mexican firm 064
518 ASPA, a Venezuelan firm 066
519 Ecuatoriana International 067
520 SAM Sociedad Aeronautica de Medellin, Col. 068
521 local Venezuelan 069
522 Aeropostal, a Venezuelan firm 070
523 Ecuadorian Airlines 071
524 La Urraca, a Colombian firm 075
525 SAETA, an Ecuadorian firm 076
526 Mexicana de Aviacion 077
527 Nicaraguan Airlines 078
528 TAME, an Ecuadorian firm 081
529 SAHSA, a Honduran firm 082
530 Cruzeiro do Sul, a Brazilian firm 084
531 Aerotaxi Airlines, a Colombian charter 085
532 LANICA, Lancia, a Nicaraguan firm 086
533 VARIG, a Brazilian firm 087
534 Austral, an Argentine firm 089
535 LAN, a Chilean firm 090
536 Chilean Airlines 091
537 Mexican general aviation 092
538 LACSA, a Costa Rican firm 095
539 RAPSA, a Panamanian firm 097
540 Netherlands Antilles Airlines 098
541 British Honduran general aviation 101
542 Costa Rican National Airways 103
543 VASP Viacao Aerea de Sao Paulo, a Brazil firm 106
544 British West Indies Airlines, Trin & Tobago 107
545 Aeronaves de Mexico 116
546 Trans-Caribbean Airways 117
547 Aerovia Quisqueyana, a Dominican firm 127
548 Bolivian military plane 143
549 Arawak, a Trinidad and Tobago firm 144
550 Lloyd Air Boliviano 146
551 Alas Del Caribe Air, a Dominican firm 147
552 Jamaica Air Taxi, Ltd., general aviation 154
553 Empress Ecuatoriana de Aviacion 161
554 Aero Opita Tao, Opita Air Taxi, Colombian 165
555 local Argentine 177
556 Air Jamaica 181
557 Aeropesca, a Colombian firm 182
558 Cessnica, a Colombian general aviation firm 185
559 Haiti Air Inter 200
560 Aces Airlines, Colombian general aviation 204
561 Ladeco, a Chilean firm 211
562 National Transport Enterprise, general aviation
563 Salas Air Taxi, general aviation
564 Aeronica, a Nicaraguan firm
565 local Honduran
566 Aerotal, a Colombian firm
567 SANSA, a Colombian firm
568 private Nicaraguan
569 Colombian military
570 Aerolinas Argintines
571 ARCO, A Uruguayan firm
572 Aeromexico
573 Nicaraguan commuter
574 Central Airlines of Colombia
575 Nicaraguan Airlines
576 Varig-Cruceiro, a Brazilian firm
577 Suriname Airways
578 Helitaxi, a Colombian general aviation firm
579 Nicaraguan Military
580 Helicol Bell
581 ALM
590 Gum Air, a Suriname firm
600 Cathay-Pacific 008
601 China National Aviation Corporation 011
602 PAL Philippine Air Lines 015
603 Korean National Airlines, a South Korean firm 018
604 Trans-Australia 025
605 East-West Airlines, an Australian firm 088
606 JAL Japan Air Lines 102
607 Ansett Airlines, an Australian firm 108
608 Air Vietnam, a South Vietnamese firm 114
609 All Nippon Airways 118
610 Bira Air Transport, Thai general aviation 124
611 Merpati Nusuntara Airlines, Indonesian firm 155
612 Royal Nepalese Airlines 173
613 Far Eastern Air Transport, a Taiwanese firm 191
614 Australian military plane 199
615 Thai Airways Company 213
616 Malaysian Airlines Systems 214
617 CAAC, Civil Aviation Administration of China
618 Air New Zealand
619 Bangladesh Airlines
620 Gauda Airlines, an Indonesian firm
621 China Airlines
622 Nanchang-Fuchow Airlines, a Chinese firm
623 Burmese Airways
700 local Romanian 003
701 local Czechoslovakian 004
702 local Yugoslavian 005
703 Soviet-Romanian Airways 006
704 local Bulgarian 007
705 local Hungarian 010
706 LOT (a Polish firm) 012
707 local Polish 013
708 Yugoslavian National Airlines 014
709 CSA Czechoslovakia National Airlines 016
710 Czech general aviation charter firm 020
711 local USSR 026
712 Interflug, an East German firm 100
713 Aeroflot 111
714 TAROM, a Romanian firm 123
715 Slovair, a Czech firm 159
716 Balkan Airlines, a Bulgarian firm 198
717 Irkutsk Aviation Enterprise
800 Nigerian Airlines 044
801 Ethiopian Airlines 079
802 Angolan Air Taxi, a general aviation firm 136
803 South African Airlines 162
804 East African Airways, a Kenyan firm 163
805 an Angolan charter firm 189
806 Air Afrique
807 Tanzanian Airways
808 Kenyan military
809 Ethiopian Air Force
810 Somali Airlines
811 Ugandan Airlines
900 Red Cross
999 Unknown, indeterminate 099
Location of Incident:
S8. Flight plan embarkation point
When it cannot be determined from sources where the flight began, the value
for this variable will be identical to that used for the embarkation point
of the hijacker.
Values:
(Same country codes as used for Variable 4 in COMMON file)
S9. Hijacker embarkation point
When it cannot be determined where the hijacker boarded the plane, the last
known refueling/stopoff location for the flight is entered.
Values:
(Same country codes as used for Variable 4 in COMMON file)
S10. Flight plan end point
Takeovers of nonscheduled flights (i.e., planes being serviced on the
ground, with no crewmen on board) are listed as ending in the country of
takeover.
Values:
(Same country codes as used for Variable 4 in COMMON file)
S11. Hijacker desired end point
The location need not be identical to the name of the city at which the
hijacker finally left the plane.
Values:
(Same country codes as used for Variable 4 in COMMON file)
S12. Number of stopovers and refuelings
This variable notes the number of stops between the point of hijacking and
the end of the incident. In cases where the incident ended at a location
considered by the hijacker to be a refuelling point, rather than a point of
his chosen embarkation, a value of 1 is added to the tally of previous
stopovers.
Values:
0-8 Actual number
9 More than 8 stopovers
Number of Individuals Involved:
S13. Crew members
Crew members include stewardesses as well as pilots, co-pilots, and
navigators. Planes which are on the ground being serviced have no crewmen
on board.
Values:
00-98 Actual number
99 Unknown
S14. Individuals on board plane
This figure includes hijackers, crewmen, passengers, skymarshals, and other
personnel.
Values:
00-97 Actual number
98 More than 97
99 Unknown
S15. Hijackers
Unarmed members of the hijackers' family, such as children, are not
included in this tally. Accomplices on the ground who aid the hijackers in
providing weapons, entry, etc., but do not participate in the attack are
also not counted.
Values:
00-98 Actual number
99 Unknown
S16. Number wounded
Wounded includes those who are reported to have been sufficiently harmed
physically to have required medical attention. No distinction is made
between those who are out-patients and those who are rescued from the
critical list. Those who later die from their injuries are coded as dying,
rather than wounded. The tally includes police, crew, passengers,
hijackers, and others.
Values:
00-96 Actual number
97 More than 96
98 Unknown, but some individuals were wounded
99 Unknown
S17. Hostages wounded
Values:
00-96 Actual number
97 More than 96
98 Unknown, but some individuals were wounded
99 Unknown
S18. Hijackers wounded
Values:
00-96 Actual number
97 More than 96
98 Unknown, but some individuals were wounded
99 Unknown
S19. Crew wounded
Values:
00-96 Actual number
97 More than 96
98 Unknown, but some individuals were wounded
99 Unknown
S20. Number killed
Values:
00-96 Actual number
97 More than 96
98 Unknown, but some individuals were killed
99 Unknown
S21. Hostages killed
Values:
00-96 Actual number
97 More than 96
98 Unknown, but some individuals were killed
99 Unknown
S22. Hijackers killed
Values:
00-96 Actual number
97 More than 96
98 Unknown, but some individuals were killed
99 Unknown
S23. Crew killed
Values:
00-96 Actual number
97 More than 96
98 Unknown, but some individuals were killed
99 Unknown
S24. Damage to plane
Values:
0 None
1 Slight - less than or equal to $10,000
2 Moderate - less than or equal to $100,000
3 High - less than or equal to $1 million
4 Severe - more than $1 million
9 Unknown, but damage reported
S25. Logistical success of hijacking incident
Values:
1 Incident stopped by authorities at planning stage
2 Incident stopped by authorities at scene or on the way to scene,
before initiation
3 Aborted by hijackers during event
4 Unsuccessful owing to faults or error by hijackers
5 Stopped by authorities at the scene after initiation
6 Apparently completed as planned
9 Unknown
S26. Negotiation success of hijacking incident
Values:
1 Received some of their demands
2 Received all of their demands
3 Received none of their demands
8 Irrelevant, no demands made
9 Unknown
S27. Type of weapon
The most destructive weapon of all of those known to be in the possession
of the perpetrators at the scene of the incident is noted.
Values:
1 Hoax, no weapons used
2 Non-explosive, non-projectile weapons, including knives
3 Handguns
4 Rifles, shotguns, or machine guns
5 Explosives, incendiaries
6 Missiles, other heavy projectiles
7 Other
9 Unknown