Entries on Individual Topics

In addition to six series of entries on Islam in Iran; Ismailism; Iran Relations with Israel; Iran Relations with Italy; Jade; and Jamalzadeh, Fascicles 2, 3, and 4 of Volume XIV, feature thirty five entries on a variety of topics, including:

ISFAHAN SCHOOL OF PHILOSOPHY, by Sajjad H. Rizvi, deals with the origins and methodology of the philosophical movement that was patronized by the court of Shah Abbas I as a part of a wider Safavid cultural renaissance associated with the reign.

ISIDORUS OF CHARAX, a Greek geographer in the early part of the 1st century and the early author of a work in which the Greek and the Roman world and the Parthian Empire were described, is discussed by Rüdiger Scmitt.

IVORY, by Oscar White Muscarella, discusses ivory in the pre-Islamic archeological record, outlines the cultural styles found in the carvings as well as their geographical and historical distribution, and notes a number of specific objects.

JABAL AMEL, SHIITE ULAMA OF, by Rula Abisaab, deals with a group of theologians from Jabal Amel in Lebanon who had emigrated to Iran by the invitation of the Safavid monarchs in order to develop a state-operated Shiism.

JADIDISM, a movement of reform among Muslim intellectuals in Central Asia, mainly among the Uzbeks and the Tajiks, from the first years of the 20th century to the 1920s, is discussed by K. HITCHINS.

JAFR, by Gernot Windfuhr, treats this major divinatory art in Islamic mysticism and gnosis.

JAHANGIR PADSHAH, the fourth Mughal Emperor (1569-1627), whose court was heavily influenced by the Persian cultural, political, and aesthetic traditions of the refugee Timurid elite, who had fled the Uzbek invasion of Transoxiana, is discussed by Lisa Balabanlilar.

TARIKH-E JAHANGOSHA-YE JOVAYNI, an important history of the Mongols composed during the years 650-658 by the prominent Il-khanid Persian vizier, Ata-Malek Jovayni, is treated by Charles Melville.

JAHEZ, the leading Arabic prose writer of the 9th century, who wrote on various aspects of Persian culture, is treated by Michael Cooperson.

JAIPUR, by Catherine Asher, discusses Persian cultural and architectural influences on the city of Jaipur in northwestern India, founded in 1727.

JAJARMI, MOHAMMAD B. BADR, Persian poet and anthologist of the 13th century, is treated by Anna Livia Beeleart.

JALAL-AL-DIN KHWARAZMSHAH, the last Khwarazmshah of the line of Anushtigin who reigned from 1220-31 as the eldest son and successor of Ala-al-Din Mohammad Khwarazmshah, is treated by Edmund C. Bosworth.
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JALAL-AL-DIN MIRZA, son of Fath-Ali Shah, historian, and freethinker (1827-72), who contributed to the formation of Iranian nationalism in the 19th century, is discussed by Abbas Amanat and Farzin Vejdani.

ESMA’IL KHAN JALAYER, prominent painter of the Qajar era who lived during the reign of Naser-al-Din Shah, and was particularly noted for his work in the genres of irani-sazi and tabi’at-sazi, is treated by Manouchehr Broomand.

JALAYERIDS, a dynasty of Mongol origin that ruled over Iraq, and for several decades also over northwestern Persia from the collapse of the Il-khanate in the late 1330s until the early 15th century, is discussed by Peter Jackson.

JALINUS (Galen), the illustrious authority on the medicine of ancient Greece and influential figure in Iranian and Islamic medicine, is discussed by Hormoz Ebrahimnejad.

JAM MINARET, a preeminent 12th century monument of the Shansabani sultans of Ghur in central Afghanistan once protected by a series of defensive towers, is discussed by F. B Flood.