[ganong]                    INDIAN PLACE-NOMENCLATURE                                   193

with the diminutive suffix CHICH meaning LITTLE, The word therefore would be
in full WIN-E-BOOGWEK-CHICH, meaning LITTLE. ROUGH TIDEWAY
(RIVER), or better, LITTLE RIVER OF THE ROUGH TIDEWAY. I do not
know the place, and hence cannot explain its full significance of the name, which reads
as though descriptive of a tideway exposing many rocks at low water,—perhaps in
the tidal part of Salmon River.

APSIBOOGWECHK, the Micmac name of Port le Bear, (i.e., L'Hebert) Nova
Scotia, given by Rand as APSTbOOGWECHK, meaning LITTLE RIVER {Reader,
97). The roots are plain. APSI is the word for LITTLE in the sense of LESSER, as
fully explained under the word Upsalquitch {these Transactions, V, 1911, ii, 189),
while BOOKWECHK means TIDEWAY in the diminutive sense. The word would
therefore read in full APSLBOOGWEK-CHICH, meaning LITTLE TIDEWAY
RIVER. I do not know the place, but judging from the maps, the name would
appear to be connected with the fact that this port, though elongated like a river,
has no river, but only some insignificant brooks, entering its upper end.

Anagance.

Location and Application.—^The name of a small stream in southeastern New
Brunswick, flowing into the Petitcodiac River at its westernmost bend from the
southwest; also the name of a minor railroad station in the vicinity. It is pro¬
nounced exactly as spelled, with the accent on the first syllable.

History of the Word.—^The earliest use of the word I have found occurs on
an undated plan of about 1800 in the Crov/n Land Office at Fredericton, where it
has the present spelling. This was adopted on Bonnor's fine map of New Brunswick
of 1820, and was followed by others and in various documents later, bringing the
name down in the original form to the present, though with occasional variation to
x\nnagance.

Analysis of the Word.—^The Indians now living in New Brunswick, both
Maliseets and Micmacs, all recognize the word, and give both its aboriginal form and
meaning without the least question. I have obtained it from a Micmac in the form
OON-E-GAN-SOOK, and from a MaHseet as OO-NEE-GUNS'-IK (quoting my
notes.) The same word is given by Rand as OONEGUNSUK {Reader, 95); Edward
Jack, another good authority on Indian subjects, gives the Maliseet name as WE-
Nfi-GOU-SECK, (French e) an obvious misprint for WE-N]6-G0N-SECK {Journal
of American Folk Lore, VIII, 1895, 205), while M. Chamberlain, likewise a high
authority in these matters, gives it as WE-NA-KAN'-SEK {Maliseet Vocabulary, 58).
The differences between these spellings represent not so much a difference of pro-^
nunciation by the different Indians as the different ways we students try to reproduce
the sounds, which do not correspond exactly with those of our English letters, but
lie between. There is, therefore, no question at all as to its aboriginal form, which
may best be represented as OO-NE-GAN'-SEK, the 00 being sounded as in WOOD,
with the preliminary W scarcely audible, and the NE as in NEGRO.

The meaning of the word is equally certain. All agree that it means PORTAGE,
which confimis the ob^ous testimony of its roots. The word OO-NE'-GAN is the
universally-used Maliseet Indian word for PORTAGE, "any Portage," as Newell
Paul, my best Maliseet informant once told me, though the Micmacs also use the
same word, OONEGUN', as Rand writes it {English-Micmac Dictionary, 201).
Precisely the same word is used by the Penobscot and Abnaki (Kennebec) Indians,