Global

Global mean surface temperature anomaly relative to the 1880–1920 mean. Curves show the 12-month running mean, 132-month running mean, and annual (Jan–Dec) means. Linear trends are shown for 1970–2010, 2010–present, and 2015–present. For discussion of the choice of base period, see “A Better Graph”.

Data through July 2026. Data source: ref. [1].
Figure available as PDF.

Global mean surface temperature anomaly relative to 1880–1920, 1950–2040. The plot shows observed annual means, 12-month running mean, and 132-month running mean, together with a projected 12-month running mean extending from the 2026 La Nina minimum to a projected El Nino peak in the first half of 2027. Projections are based on the historical relationship between global temperature and the Nino3.4 index (NOAA Climate Prediction Center).

Data through July 2026. Data source: ref. [1].
Figure available as PDF.

Related discussion: Super El Nino? Super Warming is the Main Issue (20 March 2026), on the developing El Nino and the broader context of accelerated ocean-surface warming.

Global land-only and overall mean surface temperature anomalies relative to 1880–1920, with 12-month and 132-month running-mean curves for land and globe. The lower panel shows the land:globe ratio for the same running means, illustrating how land warms faster than the global mean as the forced warming signal emerges from interannual variability.

Data through July 2026. Data source: ref. [1].
Figure available as PDF.

Global land-only and ocean-only mean surface temperature anomalies relative to 1880–1920, with 12-month and 132-month running-mean curves for land and ocean, 1950-present. The lower panel shows the land:ocean ratio for the same running means.

Data through July 2026. Data source: ref. [1].
Figure available as PDF.

Daily sea surface temperature for the world (60°S–60°N, 0–360°E), comparing 2026 with prior years, together with the 1991–2020 and 1982–2010 climatological means. Data through: 13 August 2026.

Dataset: NOAA OISST V2.1. Image credit: ClimateReanalyzer.org, Climate Change Institute, University of Maine. Data source and interactive figure: Climate Reanalyzer.
Figure available as PDF.

Seasonal mean global surface temperature anomalies relative to the 1880–1920 mean, 1990–present, shown together with the 12-month running mean. Seasonal means are plotted for DJF, MAM, JJA, and SON.

Data through July 2026. Data source: ref. [1].
Figure available as PDF.

Monthly global surface temperature anomalies relative to the 1880–1920 mean, 1990–present, with a 12-month running mean overlaid. The plot highlights recent years and the emergence of the long-term warming trend above year-to-year variability.

Data through July 2026. Data source: ref. [1].
Figure available as PDF.

Zonal

Zonal mean global surface temperature anomalies, 12-month running mean, 1950–present, showing the latitude dependence of global warming.

Base period: 1951–1980. Data through May 2026. Data source: ref. [1].
Figure available as PDF.

Zonal mean sea surface temperature anomalies, 12-month running mean, 1950–present.

Base period: 1951–1980. SST source: NOAA ERSSTv5, used in the GISS analysis; ERSSTv5 anomalies are defined relative to a 1971–2000 base period. Data through May 2026. Data source: ref. [1].
Figure available as PDF.

Sea surface temperature anomalies, 12-month running means, for the global ocean and three latitude bands: 20°N–20°S (tropical), 20°–60°N, and 20°–60°S, 1950–present.

Base period: 1951–1980. SST source: NOAA ERSSTv5, used in the GISS analysis; ERSSTv5 anomalies are defined relative to a 1971–2000 base period. Data through May 2026. Data source: ref. [1].
Figure available as PDF.

Maps

These maps compare regional temperature change over three scientifically useful intervals: the full period with broad instrumental coverage, the period of rapid near-linear warming, and the recent period of accelerated warming. Because the intervals have different lengths, the maps can be viewed both as total temperature change and as the rate of temperature change per decade.

Temperature change Rate per decade

Showing: temperature change

1880–2025 Full period with broad instrumental coverage

Land-ocean surface temperature	Ocean surface temperature

1970–2010 Period of rapid near-linear warming

Land-ocean surface temperature	Ocean surface temperature

2010–2025 Recent period of accelerated warming

Land-ocean surface temperature	Ocean surface temperature

Global maps of land-ocean surface temperature and ocean surface temperature are shown for 1880–2025, 1970–2010, and 2010–2025. The total-change maps show the cumulative temperature change over each period; the rate maps show the corresponding rate of change per decade. Maps are based on local linear trends, use the GISS 1200 km smoothing option, and are expressed relative to the 1951–1980 mean.

Data through December 2025 using the June 2026 GISTEMP dataset release. Data source: ref. [1].
Figures available as PDF:
Temperature change: Land-ocean 1880–2025, ocean 1880–2025, land-ocean 1970–2010, ocean 1970–2010, land-ocean 2010–2025, ocean 2010–2025.
Rate per decade: land-ocean 1880–2025, ocean 1880–2025, land-ocean 1970–2010, ocean 1970–2010, land-ocean 2010–2025, ocean 2010–2025.

3b. Annual mean surface temperature anomaly maps, 2016–2025 (Jan–Dec)

Annual means through 2025. Based on the June 2026 GISTEMP dataset release. Data source: ref. [1].
Figures available as PDF: 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024, 2025.

Annual mean global surface temperature anomaly maps for the past ten years (2016–2025), relative to the 1951–1980 mean. These maps show the spatial pattern of recent warming and allow comparison between different El Nino and La Nina years.

A full archive of annual maps beginning in 1990 is available on the More Figures page.

1. NASA GISS Surface Temperature Analysis (GISTEMP v4) . Underlying inputs include NOAA GHCN and NOAA ERSST v5 .