The original excel file contains latitude of "0.337600,", which should be "0.337600" (no comma) steps: 1. use the wysubset_csv.py script to get a subset of locations with valid lon/lon; also drop duplicate ones; 2. use the wygetdata_era5.py script to interpolate ERA5 skin temperture values onto these locaations; 3. use the wync2csv.py script to convert netcdf (nc) format to csv format; also convert units of Kelvin to degC. 2025-06-25: Hi Ingrid and Jess, I just finished processing the daily ground temperature (or surface skin temperature) over the years 1979-2024 from ERA5 interpolated onto the available locations given in the excel file. The final csv file era5.skt.daily.Ingrid.1979-2024.degC.csv is available at https://tigress-web.princeton.edu/~wenchang/pub/people/Ingrid/#CSV_Files. You can apply any necessary function on the data to get the target (e.g. multi-year mean value). Here is how I processed the data: 1. Get all records that have valid lon/lat; 2. Create a new column named “location” by combing country name and town name (or state name when town name is not available), i.e. location = $countryName_$townName; 3. Remove duplicates of lon/lat pairs; 4. Interpolate ERA5 global daily skin temperature onto all the locations to get data array with two dimensions of time and location in the format of netcdf (a popular format in climate science); 5. Convert the netcdf file to the final csv file era5.skt.daily.Ingrid.1979-2024.degC.csv; also convert the units of Kelvin to degree Celsius. Other files generated during the processing are all available at https://tigress-web.princeton.edu/~wenchang/pub/people/Ingrid/. Best, Wenchang