Columbia University Computing History   

The IBM 704

Translations  (see below for credits):
The IBM 704 Computer (1954). The first mass-produced computer with core memory and floating-point arithmetic, whose designers included John Backus, formerly of IBM Watson Laboratory at Columbia University (who also was the principal designer of FORTRAN, the first widespread high-level language for computer programming), as well as Gene Amdahl (who would go on to become chief architect for the IBM 360 and later start his own company to rival IBM). The 704's 6-bit BCD character set and 36-bit word account for FORTRAN's 6-character limit on identifiers.

IBM 704 at Lawrence Livermore
Photo: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory

Here's a group photo of IBM Customer Administrative Class 941, 3 May 1954, on the 704, which includes 704 designers Gene Amdahl and (Watson Lab alumnus) John Backus, plus fellow ex-Watson-Labber Herb Grosch (who contributed the photo) and other pioneers of computing:

IBM 704 at Lawrence Livermore
Photo: IBM, courtesy of Herb Grosch. Click for details and full-size image (1MB).

Here's another photo that highlights the 704's floorspace requirements, which were too great for the space available in Watson Lab and forced Columbia to return an NSF grant for the purchase of this machine, a factor which led to the creation of the Columbia Computer Center:

An IBM 704 machine room
Photo: W.J. Eckert, "Calculating Machines," Encyclopedia Americana (1958)

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Columbia University Computing History Frank da Cruz / fdc@columbia.edu This page created: February 2001 Last update: 9 September 2023