CYRUS.
DACIA.
hundnd thonsaud Asiatics and thirteen thou¬
sand Greeks. The battle was at first altogether
in favor of Cyrus. His Greek troops on the
right routed the Asiatics who were opposed to
them; and he himself pressed forward in the
centre agaiDSt his brother, and had even wound¬
ed him, when he was killed by one of the king's
body-guard. Artaxerxes caused his head and
right hand to be struck off, and sought to have
it believed that Cyrus had fallen by his hand.
The .character of Cyrus is drawn by Xenophon
in the brightest colors. It is enough to say that
his ambition was gilded by all those brilliant
qualities which win men's hearts.—3. An archi¬
tect at Rome, who died on the same day as
Clodius, 52.
Cyrus (Kiipoc: now Kour), one of the two
great rivers of Armenia, rises in the Caucasus,
flows through Iberia, and after forming the
boundary between Albania and Armenia, unites
with the Araxes, and falls into the western side
of the Caspian. There were small rivers of the
same name in Media and Persia.
CrssA or Cyt-ea (Kvra, Kvraia: Kvralog, Kv-
raievg), a town in Colchis on the River Phasis,
where Medea was said to have been born.
Cytheea (KdBnpa: KvBijpwg: now Cerigo), a
mountainous island off the southwestern point
of Laeonia, with a town of the same name in
the interior, the harbor of which was called
Scandea (J,Kav6eia). It was colonized at an
early time by the Phoenicians, who introduced
the worship of Venus (Aphrodite) into the isl¬
and, for which it became celebrated. This god¬
dess waa hence called Cytheeea, Cythereis ;
and, according to some traditions, it was in the
neighborhood of this island that she first rose
from the foam of the sea. The Argives subse¬
quently took possession of Cythera, but were
driven out of it by the Lacedaemonians, who
added it to their dominions.
Cytheris, a celebrated courtesan, the mis¬
tress of Antony, and subsequently of the poet
Gallus, who mentioned her in his poems under
the name of Lyeoris.
[Cytherius (KvBtjpiog), a river of Pisatis in
Elis, a tributary of the Alpheus.]
Cytherus (KvBnpog: KvBijpwg), one of the
twelve ancient towns of Attica,' and subsequent
ly a demus, belonging to the tribe Pandionis.
Cythnus (KvBvog: KvBviog: now Thermia),
an island in the Egaaan Sea, one of the Cycla-
des, with a town of the same name, celebrated
for its cheese, and also for its warm springs,
whence its modem name.
Cytinium (Kvtivwv : Kvrividrng), one of the
four cities in Doris, on Parnassus.
C ytorus or -cm (Kvropog or -ov: now Kidros),
a town on the coast of Paphlagonia, between
Amastris and the promontory Carambis, was a
commercial settlement of the people of Sinope.
It stood upon or near the mountain of the same
name, which is mentioned by the Romans as
abounding in box-trees.
Cyzicus (Kv&icog), son of Eneus and Enete,
the daughter of Eusorus, or son of Eusorus, or
son of Apollo by Stilbe. He was king of the
Doliones at Cyzicus on the Propontis. For his
oonnection with the Argonauts, vid. p. 90, b.
Cyzicus (Kv^ixog: Kv£iKm>6g: ruins at Bal
Kii or Ohizico), one of the most ancient and
powerful of the Greek cities in Asia Mraot,
stood upon an island of the same name in the
Propontis (now Sea of Marmara). This island,
the earlier name of whieh was Arctcnnesus
("ApKrov vijoog), lay close to the shore of Mys¬
ia, to whieh it was united by two bridges, and
afterward (under Alexander the Great) by a
mole, whieh has accumulated to a considerable
isthmus. The city of Cyzicus stood on the
southern side of the island, at the northern end
of the isthmus, on each side of which it had a
port Tradition ascribed the foundation of the
city to the Doliones, a tribe of Thessalian Pelas
gians, who had been driven from their homes
by the Eolians. It was said to have been aft¬
erward colonized by the Milesians. It was one
of the finest cities of the ancient world for the
beauty of its situation and the magnificence of
its buildings: it possessed an extensive com¬
merce, and was celebrated for the excellence of
its laws and government. Its staters were
among the most esteemed gold coins current in
Greece. It took no conspicuous place in his¬
tory till about twenty-two years after the peace
of Antaleidas, when it made itself independent
of Persia. It preserved its freedom under Al¬
exander and his successors, and was ih alliance
with the kings of Pergamus, and afterward with
the Romans. Its celebrated resistance against
Mithradates, when he besieged it by sea and
land (B.C. 75), was of great service to the Ro¬
mans, and obtained for it the rank of a " libera
Bcivitas," which it lost again under Tiberius,
Under, Constantine it became the chief city of
the new province of Hellespontus. It was great¬
ly injured by an earthquake in A.D. 443, and
finally ruined by its conquest by the Arabians
in 675.
D.
Da^e. Vid. Dxam.
[Dabar, son of Massugrada, of the family ot
Masinissa, sent by Bocchus to Sulla to negoti
ate the peace which ended in the surrender of
Jugurtha.]
[Dabrona (now Blackwater), a river of Hi
bernia.]
Dachinabades (Aaxiva6ddng), a general name
for the southern part of the Indian peninsula,
derived from the Sanscrit dakshina, the south
wind, and connected with the modern name
Beccan.
DioiA (Dacus), as a Roman province, waj
bounded on the south by the Danube, which
separated it from Mcesia, on the north by the
Carpathian Mountains, on the west by the Riv¬
er Tysia (now Theiss), and on the east by the
River Hierasus (now Pruth), thus comprehend
ing the modern Transylvania, Wallachia, Molda¬
via, and part of Hungary. The Daei were of
the same race and spoke the same language as
the Getaa, and are therefore usually said to be
of Thracian origin. They were a brave and
warlike people. In the reign of Augustus they
crossed the Danube and plundered the allies of
Rome, but were defeated and driven back into
their own country by the generals of Augustus,
In the reign of Domitian they became so formi¬
dable under their king Deoebalus, that the Ro¬
mans were obliged to purchase a peace of then:
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