Smith, William, A new classical dictionary of Greek and Roman biography mythology and geography

(New York :  Harper & Brothers,  1884.)

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CYRUS.
 

DACIA.
 

hundnd  thonsaud Asiatics  and thirteen thou¬

sand Greeks.   The battle was at first altogether

in favor of Cyrus.  His Greek troops on the

right routed the Asiatics who were opposed to

them;  and he himself pressed  forward in  the

centre agaiDSt his brother, and had even wound¬

ed him, when he was killed by one of the king's

body-guard.  Artaxerxes caused his head  and

right hand to be struck off,  and  sought  to have

it believed that Cyrus had fallen by his hand.

The .character of  Cyrus is drawn by Xenophon

in the brightest colors.   It is enough to  say that

his ambition was gilded by all those  brilliant

qualities which win men's hearts.—3. An archi¬

tect  at  Rome, who died on the same day as

Clodius, 52.

   Cyrus (Kiipoc:  now  Kour),  one of  the  two

great rivers of Armenia, rises in the Caucasus,

flows through Iberia, and  after  forming  the

boundary between Albania  and  Armenia, unites

with the Araxes, and falls into the western  side

of the Caspian.  There were small  rivers of the

same name in Media and Persia.

   CrssA or Cyt-ea (Kvra, Kvraia: Kvralog, Kv-

raievg), a town in Colchis on the River Phasis,

where Medea was said to have been born.

   Cytheea (KdBnpa:  KvBijpwg: now Cerigo), a

mountainous  island off  the southwestern point

of Laeonia, with  a town of the same  name in

the interior, the  harbor of which was  called

Scandea (J,Kav6eia).  It was colonized  at an

early time by the Phoenicians, who introduced

the worship of Venus (Aphrodite) into the isl¬

and,  for which it became celebrated.  This god¬

dess  waa hence  called  Cytheeea,  Cythereis ;

and, according to some traditions, it was in the

neighborhood of  this  island that she first rose

from the foam of the sea.  The Argives subse¬

quently took possession  of Cythera, but were

driven  out of it by  the Lacedaemonians, who

added it to their dominions.

   Cytheris,  a celebrated  courtesan,  the mis¬

tress of  Antony, and subsequently of  the poet

Gallus, who mentioned her in his  poems under

the name of Lyeoris.

   [Cytherius (KvBtjpiog),  a river  of Pisatis  in

Elis, a tributary of the Alpheus.]

   Cytherus  (KvBnpog:  KvBijpwg), one of the

twelve ancient towns  of Attica,' and subsequent

ly a demus, belonging  to the tribe Pandionis.

   Cythnus (KvBvog:  KvBviog:  now Thermia),

an island in the Egaaan Sea, one of the Cycla-

des, with a town of the same name, celebrated

for its cheese,  and also for its warm  springs,

whence its modem name.

   Cytinium (Kvtivwv : Kvrividrng), one of the

four cities in Doris, on Parnassus.

   C ytorus or -cm (Kvropog or -ov: now Kidros),

a town on  the coast of Paphlagonia, between

Amastris and  the promontory Carambis, was a

commercial settlement of the people of Sinope.

It stood upon  or  near the mountain of the same

name, which  is  mentioned by the Romans as

abounding in box-trees.

   Cyzicus  (Kv&icog),  son of Eneus and Enete,

the daughter of Eusorus, or son of Eusorus, or

son of Apollo by Stilbe.  He  was king of the

Doliones at Cyzicus on  the Propontis.   For his

oonnection with the Argonauts, vid. p. 90, b.

   Cyzicus  (Kv^ixog:  Kv£iKm>6g:  ruins at Bal

 Kii  or Ohizico),  one  of  the most  ancient  and
 

 powerful of the Greek cities in Asia  Mraot,

 stood upon  an  island of the same name  in the

 Propontis (now Sea of Marmara).  This island,

 the  earlier name  of  whieh  was Arctcnnesus

 ("ApKrov vijoog), lay close to  the  shore of Mys¬

 ia, to whieh it  was  united by two bridges, and

 afterward  (under Alexander the  Great) by  a

 mole, whieh has  accumulated to  a considerable

 isthmus.   The city of  Cyzicus  stood  on  the

 southern side of the island, at the northern end

 of the isthmus, on each side  of which it had  a

 port  Tradition ascribed  the foundation of the

 city to the Doliones, a tribe of Thessalian Pelas

 gians, who  had been driven  from their  homes

 by the Eolians.  It was said to  have been aft¬

 erward colonized by the Milesians.   It was one

 of the finest cities  of the ancient world  for the

 beauty of its situation and the magnificence of

 its  buildings:  it possessed an extensive com¬

 merce, and was celebrated  for the excellence of

 its  laws  and  government.   Its  staters were

 among the  most esteemed gold coins current in

 Greece.   It took no conspicuous place  in his¬

 tory till about twenty-two years after the peace

 of Antaleidas, when it  made itself independent

 of Persia.   It  preserved its  freedom under Al¬

 exander and his successors, and was ih alliance

 with the kings  of Pergamus, and afterward with

 the  Romans.   Its celebrated  resistance  against

 Mithradates, when  he besieged it  by sea and

 land (B.C. 75), was of great  service  to the Ro¬

 mans, and obtained for it the rank of a " libera

Bcivitas," which it  lost again  under  Tiberius,

 Under, Constantine  it became  the chief  city of

 the new province of Hellespontus.   It was great¬

 ly injured by  an earthquake in  A.D. 443, and

 finally ruined by its conquest  by the Arabians

 in 675.
 

                     D.



  Da^e.  Vid. Dxam.

  [Dabar, son of Massugrada, of the  family ot

Masinissa, sent by Bocchus to Sulla to negoti

ate the peace which  ended in  the surrender of

Jugurtha.]

  [Dabrona (now Blackwater), a  river of Hi

bernia.]

  Dachinabades (Aaxiva6ddng), a general name

for the southern  part of the Indian peninsula,

derived from the Sanscrit dakshina, the south

wind,  and  connected with  the modern name

Beccan.

  DioiA (Dacus), as a Roman province,  waj

bounded  on the  south  by the Danube, which

separated it from Mcesia, on the north by the

Carpathian Mountains, on  the west by the Riv¬

er Tysia (now Theiss), and on the east by the

River  Hierasus (now Pruth), thus comprehend

ing the modern Transylvania, Wallachia, Molda¬

via, and  part  of  Hungary.  The  Daei were of

the same race  and spoke the same language as

the Getaa, and are therefore usually said to be

of Thracian origin.  They were  a brave  and

warlike people.  In the reign of Augustus they

crossed the Danube and plundered the allies of

Rome, but  were  defeated  and driven  back into

their  own country by the  generals of Augustus,

In  the reign of Domitian they became so formi¬

dable under their king Deoebalus, that the Ro¬

mans were  obliged to purchase a peace of then:

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