LYSIS
 

MACCAB2BL
 

peace, B.O. 399.—3. An Arcadian, a comic poet

of the old comedy, gained the first prize B.O.

434: a few fragments of  Ms comedies are pre¬

served in Meineke, Fragm. Comic. Graasc. vol. i,

p. 421-3, edit, minor.]

   Lysis (Avaig), an eminent Pythagorean pMlos-

opher, who, driven out of Italy in the persecu¬

tion of his sect, betook himself to Thebes, and

became the teacher of Epaminondas, by whom

he was held in the highest esteem.

  Lysis,  a river of Oaiia, only mentioned by Livy

(xxxviii, 15).

  Lysistratus, of Sicyon, the brother of  Lysip¬

pus, was a statuary, and devoted himself to the

making of portraits.   He was the first who took

a cast of  the  human face in gypsum; aud from

tMs mould he produced copies by pouring iuto it

melted wax.

   [Lyso. 1. A Sicilian of rank  at Lilybaaum,

plundered by Verres while praetor of Sicily in

B.O. 13-11.—2. A native of Patrae, an intimate

friend  of Cicero's, who  intrusted  to Ms  care

Tullius Tiro  during his illness  at that  place:

when Lyso subsequently  visited Rome,  he re¬

ceived great  attention from both  Tiro and Ci

cero.]

  Lystra (rj Avarpa,  rd Avarpa : ruins probably

at Karadagh, called Bin Bir Kilisseh), a city of

Lycaonia, on the confines of Isauria, celebrated

as one chief scene of the preaching of Paul and

Barnabas (Acts, xiv.).





                     M.



   Mao-e (Mdxai).  1. A people on the eastern

coast of Arabia Felix, probably about Muscat.—

2. An inland  people of Libya, in the Regio Syr-

tica, that is, the part of Northern Africa between

the Syrtes.

  Macalla, a town on the eastern eoast of Brut¬

tium, which was said to possess  the tomb  and a

sanctuary of  Philoctetes.

  Maoar or  Maoareus  (Ma/cap or MaKapevc).

1. Son of Helios (or Crinacus) and  Rbodos, fled

from Rhodes  to  Lesbos after  the murder of

Teuages.—2.  Son of jEolus.    Vid.  Canaoe.—

3. Son of Jason and  Medea, also called Merme-

rus or Mormorus.—[4. One of the Lapithaa, slew

the centaur Erigdupus  at the nuptials of Pirith¬

ous.—5. Of Nerieus, one of the compamons of

Ulysses.]

   Maoaria (Mampia), daughter of Hercules and

Deianira.

   Macaria (MaKapia). A poetical name of sev¬

eral islands, such as Lesbos, Rhodes, and Cyprus.

—2. An  island m the southern part of the Sinus

Arabicus (now Red Sea), off the  eoast of the

Troglodytaa.

   Macarius  (MaKupwg),  a Spartan, was one of

the  three commanders of  the  Peloponnesian

force sent to aid the JEtolians  in  the reduction

of Naupaetus,  B.O. 426, wMch, however, was

saved by Demosthenes;  he was afterward slain

affile battle  of Olpee.

   Maooab-ei  (liaKKaBaloi), the descendants of

the  family of the heroic Judas Maccabi or Mac¬

eabaaus, a surname which he obtained from Ms

glorious  victories.  (From the Hebrew makkab,

' a hammer.")  They were also called Asamo-

riasi ('Aaapavaloi),  from Asamonaaus,  or Chas-

mon. the great-grandfather  of  MattatMas, the
 

father  of  Judas MaecabaeuB,  or,  in  a shortei

form, Asmonci or Hasmonie.  This family first

obtained  distinction from the  attempts which

were made by Antiochus IV. Epiphanes, king of

Syria,  to root out the worship of Jehovah, and

introduce the  Greek religion  among tire inhab¬

itants of Judaaa. Antiochus published an edict,

which  enjoined uniformity of worship through¬

out his dominions.  At Modin, a  town not far

from Lydda, lived  MattatMas, a man of  the

priestly line and of deep religious feeling, who

had  five sons in the vigor of their days, John,

Simon,  Judas,  Eleazar, and Jonathan.  When

the officer  of  the Syrian  king visited Modin to

enforce obedience to the royal  edict, MattatMas

not only refused to  desert the  religion of Ma

forefathers, but with his own hand struck dead

the first renegade who attempted  to offer sacri¬

fice on  the heathen  altar.   He then put to death

the king's officer, and retired to  the  mountains

with Ms five  sons  (B.C.  161).  Their number..

daily increased; and as opportunities occurred

they issued from their  mountain fastnesses, cwl

off detachments of the Syrian army, destroyed

heathen altars, and restored in many places the

synagogues and the open worship of the Jewish

religion.   Within a  few months  the insurrea-

tion  at Modin had grown into a war for national

mdependence.    But the  toils of  such  a  war

were too much for the aged frame of Mattathiaa,

who died in the first year of the revolt, leaving

the conduct of it to Judas, Ms tMrd son.  1. Ju¬

das, who assumed  the surname of Maceabaaus,

as has been mentioned  above,  carried on the

war with the same prudence  and energy  with

which  it had been commenced.  After meeting

with great success, he at length fell in battle

against the  forces  of  Demetrius I.  Soter,  160.

He was succeeded in the command by Ms broth¬

er,—2. Jonathan, who maintained the cause of

Jewish independence with equal vigor aud suc¬

cess, and became  recognized  as high-priest of

the Jews.  He was  put to death by Tz/yphoo,

the  minister of Antiochus VI,  who treacher¬

ously got him into  Ms  power, 144.  Jonathan

was succeeded in the  high priesthood  by  Ms

brother,—3. Simon, who was the most fortunate

of the  sons of  MattatMas,  and under whose  gov

ernment the eountry became virtually independ¬

ent of  Syria.  He was murdered  by Ms son in

law Ptolemy, the governor of Jericho, together

with two of his sons, Judas and MattatMas, 185.

His other son, Joannes Hyrcanus, escaped, and

succeeded Ms father.—4. Joannes Hyrcanus L

was high priest 135-106.  He did not  assume

the title of king, but was to all intents and pur¬

poses  an independent monarch.   Vid.  Hyrca¬

nus.  He was succeeded by his  son Aristobu¬

lus L—5. Aristobulus  I, was the first of the

Maccabees who assumed  the kingly title, whieh

was henceforth borne by Ms successors.   His

reign lasted  only a year, 106-105.   Vid. Aris¬

tobulus.  He was succeeded  by his brother,—

6. Alexander Jann-eus, who. reigned 105-18.

 Vid. Alexander, p. 42, b.  He was succeeded

by Ms widow,—1.  Alexandra,  who  appointed

her son Hyrcanus II. to the priesthood, and held

the supreme power 18-69.  On her death in tha

latter  year, her son,—8.  Hyrcanus II, obtained

the kingdom, 69, but was supplanted almost im

mediately afterward bv Ms  brothen --9. Art*

                             463