PYTHIAS.
QUADRIFRONS.
ksia. — 3 A silver-chaser, who flourished at
Rome in the age immediately following that of
Pompey, and whose productions commanded a
remarkably high price.
Pythias (HvBidg). 1. The sister or adopted
daughter of Hermias, and the wife of Aristotle.
.—2. Daughter of Aristotle and Pythias.
Pythium (HbBwv). 1. A place in Attiea, not
far from Eleusis.—2. A town of Thessaly in the
eastern part of the district Hestiaeotis, which,
with Azorus and Doliche, formed a Tripolis.
Pythius (HvBiog), a Lydian, the son of Atys,
was a man of enormous wealth, which he de¬
rived from his gold mines in the neighborhood
of Celaanse in Phrygia. When Xerxes arrived
at Celaenee, Pythius banqueted him and his
whole army. His five sons accompanied Xerx¬
es. Pythius, alarmed by an eclipse of the sun
which happened, eame to Xerxes, and begged
that the eldest might be left behind. This re¬
quest so enraged the king that he had the young
man immediately killed and cut in two, and the
two portions of his body placed on either side
ofthe road, and then ordered the army to march
between them.
[Pytho. Vid. Delphi.j
Pythoclides (HvBoKXeibng), a celebrated mu¬
sician of the time of Pericles, was a native of
Ceos, and flourished at Athens, under the pa¬
tronage of Pericles, whom he instructed in his
art.
Pythodoris (HvBodapig), wife of Polemon I,
King of Pontus. After the death of her husband
she retained possession of the government.
She subsequently married Archelaus, king of
Cappadocia, but after his death (A.D. 17) re¬
turned to her own kingdom, of which she con¬
tinued to administer the affairs herself until her
deceas 2, which probably did not take place un- I
til A D 38. Of her two sons, the one, Zenon,
became King of Armenia, while the other, Pole¬
mon, succeeded her on the throne of Pontus.
Python (lliBav). 1. The celebrated serpent,
which was produced from the mud left on the
earth after the deluge of Deucalion. He lived
in the caves of Mount Parnassus, but was slain
by Apollo, who founded the Pythian games in
commemoration of his victory, and received in
Consequence the surname Pythius.—2. Of Ca¬
tana, a dramatic poet ofthe time of Alexander,
whom he accompanied into Asia, and whose
army he entertained with a satyric drama when
they were celebrating the Dionysia on the banks
of the Hydaspes. The drama was in ridicule
of Harpalus and the Athenians. [The frag¬
ments of Python are contained in Wagner's
Trag. Grac. Fragm., p. 134-136, Paris, 1846 ]
Pyxites (Hvtiirng: now Vitzeh), a river of
Pontus, falling into the Euxine near Trapezus.
Pvxus. Vid. Bhxentum.
Q.
Quadi, a powerful German people of the
Suevic race, dwelt in the southeast of Ger¬
many, between Mount Gabreta, the Hercynian
forest, the Sarmatian mountains, and the Dan¬
ube. They were bounded on the west by the
Marcomanni, with whom they were always
closely united, on the north by the Gothini and
Osi, on the east by the Iazyges Metanastaa,
732
from whom they were separated by r.e River
Granuas (now Gran), and on the sonh by the
Pannonians, from whom they were tvvided by
the Danube. They probably settled in this dis¬
trict at the same time as the Marcomar ni made
themselves masters of Bohemia (vid. M ifoo
manni) ; but we have no aceount ofthe cailiei
settlements of the Quadi When Maroboduus,
and shortly afterward his successor Catualda,
had been expelled from their dominions and had
taken refuge with the Romans in the reign of
Tiberius, the Romans assigned to the barbari¬
ans, who had accompanied these monarchs, and
who consisted chiefly of Marcomanni and Quadi,
the country between the Marus (now Match1!
Morava ? or Marosch ?) and Cusus (now Waag ?),
and gave to them as king Vannius, who bo
longed to the Quadi. Vannius was expelled by
his nephews Vangio and Sido, but this new
kingdom of the Quadi continued for a long time
afterward under Roman protection. In the
reign of M. Aurelius, however, the Quadi join¬
ed the Marcomanni and other German tribes in
the long and bloody war against the empire,
whieh lasted during the greater part of that em¬
peror's reign. The independence ofthe Quadi
and Marcomanni was secured by the peace
which Commodus made with them in A D 180.
Their name is especially memorable in the his¬
tory of this war by the victory which M. Aurel
ius gained over them in 174, when his aimy
was in great danger of being destroyed by the
barbarians, and was said to have been saved by
a sudden storm, which was attributed to the
pi ayeis of his Christian soldiers. (Vid. p 131,
b ) The Quadi disappear from history toward
the end of the fourth century. They probably
migrated with the Suevi further west.
Quadratus, one ofthe Apostolic Fathers, and
an early apologist for the Christian religion.
He passed the early part of his life in Asia
Minor, and was afterward bishop of the Church
at Athens. He presented his Apology to Ha¬
drian in the tenth year of his reign (A.D. 126).
This apology has been long lost.
Quadratus, Asinius, lived in the times of
Philippus I. and II., emperors of Rome (A D.
244-249), and wrote two historical works in the
Greek language. 1. A history of Rome, in fif¬
teen books, in the Ionic dialect, called Xi?uern-
pig, because it related the history of the city,
from its foundation to the thousandth year of
its. nativity (A.D. 248), when the Ludi Saacu
lares were performed with extraordinary pomp.
2. A history of Parthia.
Quadratus, Fannius, a contemporary of
Horace, was one of those envious Roman poets
who tried to depreciate Horace, because his
writings threw their own into the shade.
Quadratus, L. Ninnius, tribune ofthe plebs
B.C. 58, distinguished himself by his opposition
to the measures of his colleague, P. Clodiup,
against Cicero.
Quadratus, Ummidius. 1. Governor of Syria
during the latter end of the reign of Claudius,
and the commencement of the reign of Nero,
from about A.D. 51 to 60.—2 A friend and ad¬
mirer of the younger Pliny, whom he took as
his model in oratory.
Quadrifrohs, a surname of Janus. It is saW
that after the conquest of the Faliscans an in?
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