Smith, William, A new classical dictionary of Greek and Roman biography mythology and geography

(New York :  Harper & Brothers,  1884.)

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PYTHIAS.
 

QUADRIFRONS.
 

ksia. — 3  A silver-chaser, who flourished at

Rome in the age immediately following that of

Pompey, and whose productions commanded a

remarkably high price.

  Pythias (HvBidg).  1. The sister or adopted

daughter of Hermias, and the wife of Aristotle.

.—2. Daughter of Aristotle and Pythias.

  Pythium (HbBwv).  1. A place in Attiea, not

far from Eleusis.—2. A town of Thessaly in the

eastern part of the district Hestiaeotis, which,

with Azorus and Doliche, formed a Tripolis.

  Pythius (HvBiog), a Lydian, the son of Atys,

was a  man of enormous wealth, which he de¬

rived from his  gold mines in the neighborhood

of Celaanse in Phrygia.  When Xerxes arrived

at Celaenee, Pythius banqueted him  and his

whole army. His five sons accompanied Xerx¬

es.   Pythius, alarmed by an eclipse of the sun

which  happened, eame  to Xerxes, and begged

that the eldest might be left behind.   This re¬

quest so enraged the king that he had the young

man immediately killed  and cut in two, and the

two portions of his body placed on either side

ofthe road, and then ordered the army to march

between them.

  [Pytho.   Vid. Delphi.j

  Pythoclides (HvBoKXeibng), a celebrated mu¬

sician of the time  of Pericles, was a native of

Ceos, and  flourished at Athens, under the pa¬

tronage of Pericles, whom he instructed in his

art.

  Pythodoris (HvBodapig), wife of Polemon I,

King of Pontus.   After the death of her husband

she  retained possession  of the government.

She  subsequently married Archelaus,  king of

Cappadocia, but after his death (A.D. 17) re¬

turned to  her own kingdom, of which she con¬

tinued to administer the affairs herself until her

deceas 2, which probably did not take place un- I

til A D 38.  Of her two sons, the one, Zenon,

became King of Armenia, while the other, Pole¬

mon, succeeded her on  the throne of Pontus.

  Python (lliBav).  1. The celebrated serpent,

which was produced from the  mud left on the

earth after the deluge of Deucalion.   He lived

in the  caves of Mount Parnassus, but was slain

by Apollo, who founded the Pythian games in

commemoration of his victory, and received in

Consequence the  surname Pythius.—2. Of Ca¬

tana, a dramatic poet ofthe time of Alexander,

whom he  accompanied into Asia, and whose

army he entertained with a satyric drama when

they were celebrating the Dionysia on the banks

of the Hydaspes.  The drama was in ridicule

of Harpalus and the Athenians.   [The frag¬

ments of  Python are  contained in Wagner's

 Trag. Grac. Fragm., p. 134-136, Paris, 1846 ]

  Pyxites (Hvtiirng: now  Vitzeh), a  river of

 Pontus, falling into the Euxine near Trapezus.

  Pvxus.   Vid. Bhxentum.





                     Q.

   Quadi,   a powerful German people of the

 Suevic race, dwelt  in the southeast of Ger¬

 many, between Mount  Gabreta, the Hercynian

 forest, the Sarmatian mountains, and the Dan¬

 ube.   They were bounded  on the west by the

 Marcomanni,  with whom  they were always

 closely united, on the north by the Gothini and

 Osi, on the east by the  Iazyges Metanastaa,

         732
 

from whom they were separated by  r.e River

Granuas (now Gran), and on the sonh by the

Pannonians, from whom they were tvvided by

the Danube.  They probably settled in this dis¬

trict at the same time as the Marcomar ni made

themselves masters of Bohemia (vid. M ifoo

manni) ; but we have no aceount ofthe cailiei

settlements of the Quadi   When Maroboduus,

and shortly afterward his successor Catualda,

had been expelled from their dominions and had

taken refuge with the Romans in the reign of

Tiberius, the Romans  assigned to  the barbari¬

ans, who had accompanied these monarchs, and

who consisted chiefly of Marcomanni and Quadi,

the country between the Marus (now Match1!

Morava ? or Marosch ?) and Cusus (now Waag ?),

and gave  to  them as king Vannius, who  bo

longed to the Quadi.  Vannius was expelled by

his nephews Vangio and Sido, but this new

kingdom of the Quadi continued for a long time

afterward under Roman  protection.   In the

reign of M. Aurelius, however, the Quadi join¬

ed the  Marcomanni and other German tribes in

the long and bloody war against  the empire,

whieh lasted during the greater part of that em¬

peror's reign.   The independence ofthe Quadi

and Marcomanni  was  secured by the peace

which Commodus made with them  in A D  180.

Their name is especially memorable in the his¬

tory of this war by the victory which M. Aurel

ius gained  over  them in 174,  when his  aimy

was in great danger of being destroyed by the

barbarians, and was said to have been saved by

a  sudden storm, which was attributed to  the

pi ayeis of his Christian soldiers.   (Vid. p 131,

b )  The Quadi disappear from history toward

the end of the fourth century.   They probably

migrated with the Suevi further west.

   Quadratus, one ofthe Apostolic  Fathers, and

an early apologist for the Christian religion.

He passed the early  part of his  life  in Asia

Minor, and was afterward bishop of the Church

at Athens.  He  presented his  Apology to Ha¬

drian in the tenth year of his reign (A.D. 126).

This apology  has been long lost.

   Quadratus, Asinius, lived in the times of

Philippus I. and II.,  emperors of  Rome  (A D.

244-249), and wrote two historical  works in the

Greek language.  1.  A history of  Rome,  in fif¬

teen books, in the Ionic dialect, called Xi?uern-

pig, because it related the history of the city,

from  its foundation to the thousandth year of

its. nativity (A.D. 248), when  the Ludi Saacu

lares were performed with extraordinary pomp.

2. A history of Parthia.

   Quadratus,  Fannius, a  contemporary of

Horace, was one of those envious Roman poets

who tried to depreciate Horace,  because his

writings threw their own into the  shade.

   Quadratus, L. Ninnius, tribune ofthe plebs

 B.C. 58, distinguished himself by his opposition

 to the measures of his colleague, P. Clodiup,

 against Cicero.

   Quadratus, Ummidius.  1. Governor of Syria

 during the latter end of the reign of Claudius,

 and the commencement of the reign of Nero,

 from about A.D. 51 to 60.—2  A friend and ad¬

 mirer of the younger Pliny, whom he took as

 his model in  oratory.

   Quadrifrohs, a surname of Janus.  It is saW

 that after the conquest of the Faliscans an in?
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