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cause. This was where Ernst's experience was invaluable. He knew that Woolsey was our best man. Woolsey was a man of some erudition and had already established a reputation for liberal literary opinions. So he was our man. We had to noodle around until Woolsley was sitting in New York.

The next big problem was: how were we to get into the court records the pieces that had been written about Ulysses by men like Bernard Shaw and Havelock Ellis--to mention those same two--and other great men of the times, including the Yale professor who at that time was the great literary arbiter, William Lyon Phelps. There were all these great people who had written pieces about Ulysses proclaiming it a landmark in literature.

We couldn't enter their opinions into the court records because it had been proven in previous trials that the court would not allow outside criticisms to be read in any case of this kind--why, I don't know, but the United States had established this rule. So we couldn't use as a prop what all these great literary figures had written about Ulysses. The only way we could do it was to make them part of the book. If we could make them part of the book, anything that was in the book you could use as evidence. So we took one of these Paris paperbound editions of Ulysses and we pasted into it every review we wanted to use--about 40 of them. By the time we finished, the cover stood up straight with all these things pasted into it. And that book had to be the one that was used as evidence. So we had somebody take it over to Europe and bring it back