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to production, to our economic status in the world, everything. And he got it, and when he got it and Fogarty got it, we began.

Well, even a decade ago is it not true that the popularity of research in every field, in industry and everywhere else, was not so pronounced as it is now?

Well, I think that's true, but I think World War II and the discovery of atomic energy were profound awakeners in the United States, gave research an impetus. And everybody would say, “Well, you can't pretend that you can do a crash program with this the way you did with the atomic energy.” And I always would say, “Well, why not?” but that was considered very foolish, that type of thinking. However, I still say it. We haven't got a crash program yet!

In '58, after the usual stress and strain of lobbying, we came out of the Senate and House with 294 million dollars, 83 million more than the year before. When the conference was over, we got ourselves together and left for London and the beautiful Villa Barbienello on Lake Como, and later to Villa Fiorentina, which I had rented in the south of France and where a large number of friends joined us.

In the spring of '59 I went to see Senator Hill about the appropriations for the National Institutes of Health and he asked me to see the new members of the Senate on the Appropriations Committee. Although I had supported some of them,