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happened after five years of difficulties. Actually, it was initially stimulated by me when I wrote a memorandum on the need for post-war research in science and medicine to Anna Rosenberg, and she gave it to President Roosevelt in the fall of '44. This memorandum was given to Judge Rosenman by Roosevelt, and Rosenman was asked by Roosevelt to write a letter to Vannevar Bush asking for scientific and medical research recommendations for peacetime. This resulted in Bush's statement, “Science: The Endless Frontier.” These recommendations were put into a bill by Senator Kilgore of West Virginia. Magnusson joined him in this in the spring of '45.

When Kilgore introduced the bill, Pepper, who had introduced a bill called the National Medical Research Foundation, joined his bill with Kilgore's without consulting us, although he had introduced his bill at our request and urging.

Was this just a matter of strategy on his part?

Yes, I think so, but it distressed us very much as we felt that medical research would get the worst of it in a bill that was going to be called the National Science Foundation bill.

By this time, medical research was paramount in your thinking.

Yes, in our thinking. Medical research became, under the National Science Foundation, one of four categories of