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army, which she would pass to Confederate sympathizers in Covington, which was under control of the Union forces. Kentucky was technically neutral at this time, but there were a lot of Confederate sympathizers there, and she simply would dish out quinine to pass along to rebel-controlled areas and troops. It was truly as an act of mercy, of course. She wasn't in the contraband business at all.

But she was arrested by the federal guards on the bridge when they finally discovered these bottles of quinine, which was a desperately needed medicine in the South at that time. They arrested her, presumably with my father, the baby, in the baby carriage. It was only because her husband was a captain in the Union army on active duty in Cincinnati that she was released. Otherwise she would have been put in jail. She remained a hot Confederate all her life, and was buried with a Confederate flag.

Well, this may account a little bit for some of the vigor and vehemence that my father had as he grew up, in his political views. He became ultimately, still as a young man, mayor of Chattanooga, where the family had eventually settled after the Civil war.

He was associated, however, with his older brother, Adolph, in the Chattanooga paper, the Times, that Adolph had acquired. These were very young men. My father became editor of another publication that was started by Adolph called The Tradesman. And then he got involved in Chattanooga politics and became delegate to the Democratic National Convention of 1892, where he seconded the nomination of Grover Cleveland, and then was the very successful reform mayor of Chattanooga for four years from 1893 to 1897.