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PLUTO is one of the names of Hades, king of the Underworld. He carried off Proserpina, Ceres's daughter, to be his queen, after he failed to persuade several goddesses to marry him. This rape is the subject of Claudian's poem De raptu Proserpinae.

Diane's statue is painted with eyes cast down to Pluto's lower realm, KnT 2082. Emelye prays to Dyane as queen of Pluto's realm, KnT 2299. Diana and Proserpina are two aspects of the triple goddess: Diana is the goddess as virgin, Proserpina is the goddess as queen of the afterworld. Pluto, at Saturn's request, sends a fury from hell, who startles Arcite's horse, KnT 2685. Pluto and Proserpina dance with their company near the well in Januarie's garden, MerchT 2038-2041. Pluto is called "kyng of fayerye," MerchT 2227, a borrowing from Sir Orfeo, where Pluto is similarly portrayed. Pluto lectures his wife on women's sins, MerchT 2225-2263, and promises to restore Januarie's sight, MerchT 2258-2263. M.J. Donovan suggests that Pluto is Januarie's counterpart, a type of senex amans or old lover. Aurelius prays to Phebus Apollo that he entreat Lucina his sister to sink the rocks into Pluto's realm, her own dark region, FranklT 1075, a blending of Lucina, goddess of childbirth and an aspect of Diana with Proserpina, goddess of the underworld. Claudian stands on a pillar of sulfur because he has told Pluto's story, HF III.1507-1512. Pluto abducted Proserpina while she gathered flowers near Mount Etna, a sulfurous, volcanic mountain. Pandarus swears by Pluto, Tr III.590-593. [Claudian: Diane: Proserpina]

Pluto appears once initially, MerchT 2227; eleven times in medial positions, KnT 2082, 2229, 2685; MerchT 2038, 2311, 2354; FranklT 1075; Tr III.592; Tr IV.790; HF III.1511. It never appears finally.


Claudian, De raptu Proserpinae, ed. and trans. M. Platnauer, II: 292-377; M.J. Donovan, "Chaucer's January and May: Counterparts in Claudian." Chaucerian Problems and Perspectives, ed. E. Vasta and Z. Thundy, 59-69; J.B. Friedman, Orpheus in the Middle Ages.
From CHAUCER NAME DICTIONARY
Copyright © 1988, 1996 Jacqueline de Weever
Published by Garland Publishing, Inc., New York and London.

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