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1. Grand strategy
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Berdan, Frances., Richard E. Blanton, Elizabeth H. Boone,
Mary G. Hodge, Michael E. Smith, and Emily Umberger. 1996. Aztec Imperial
Strategies. Dumbarton Oaks, Washington, D.C.
D'Altroy, Terence N. 1992. Provincial Power in the Inka Empire. Washington,
D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press.
Liverani, M., ed. 1993. Akkad: The First World Empire. History of the Ancient
Near East, V. Padua.
Luttwak, Edward N. 1976. The Grand Strategy of the Roman Empire. Johns Hopkins
University Press, Baltimore.
Schreiber, Katharina J. 1992. War and Imperialism in Middle Horizon Peru.
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2. City planning  |
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Bittel, K. 1970. Hattusha: The Capital of the Hittites. Oxford
University Press, New York.
Calnek, Edward E. 1976. The internal structure of Tenochtitlan. In The Valley
of Mexico, ed. by Eric R. Wolf, pp. 287-302. University of New Mexico Press,
Albuquerque.
Clark, S. 1993. The pre-industrial city in Roman Britain. In Theoretical
Roman Archaeology: First Conference Proceedings, ed. by E. Scott, pp. 49-66.
Avebury, Great Britain.
Crouch, D. P., D. J. Garr, and A. I. Mundigo. 1982. Spanish City Planning
in North America. The MIT Press, Cambridge.
Engels, D. 1990. Roman Corinth: An Alternative Model for the Classical City.
University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
Filliozat, V. 1978. The Town Planning of Vijayanagara. Art and Archaeology
Research Papers 14:54-64.
Fritz, John M. and George A. Michell. 1989. Interpreting the plan of a medieval
Hindu capital: Vijayanagara. World Archaeology 19:105-129.
Hodge, M. G. 1997. When is a City-State? Archaeological Measures of Aztec
City-States and Aztec City-State Systems. In The Archaeology of City-States:
Cross-Cultural Approaches, edited by D. L. Nichols and T. H. Charlton, pp.
209-28. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC.
Hyslop, J. 1990. Inka Settlement Planning. University of Texas Press, Austin.
Macdonald, W. L. 1986. The Architecture of the Roman Empire, II: An Urban
Appraisal. Yale University Press, New Haven.
Morris, Craig. 1972. State settlements in Tawantinsuyu: A Strategy of compulsory
urbanism. In Contemporary Archaeology, ed. by M.P. Leone, pp. 393-401. Southern
Illinois University Press, Carbondale.
Morris, C., and D.E. Thompson. 1985. Huánuco Pampa: An Inca City
and Its Hinterland. Thames and Hudson, London.
Patterson, J. R. 1992. Survey article: The city of Rome: From Republic to
Empire. Journal of Roman Studies 82:186-215.
Romano, D.G. and B. Schoenbrun. 1994. A computerized architectural and topographical
survey of Ancient Corinth. Journal of Field Archaeology 29:177-190.
Sinopoli, C. M. 1994. Monumentality and Mobility in Mughal Capitals. In
Landscapes of Power, edited by K.D. Morrison. Special issue of Asian Perspectives
33:293-308.
Sinopoli, C.M. and K.D. Morrison. 1995. Dimensions of Imperial Control:
The Vijayanagara Capital. American Anthropologist 97:83-96.
Sjoberg, Gideon. 1960. The Preindustrial City. Free Press, New York.
Stambaugh, John E. 1988. The Ancient Roman City. The Johns Hopkins University
Press, Baltimore. |
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3. Palatial and estate architecture  |
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Bragayrac Danilla, E. 1991. Archaeological Excavations in the Vegachayoq
Moqo Sector of Huari. In Huari Administrative Structure: Prehistoric Monumental
Architecture and State Government, edited by W.H. Isbell and G.F. McEwan,
pp. 71-80. Dumbarton Oaks, Washington, D.C.
Farrington, I. S. 1995. The Mummy, Estate, and Palace of Inka Huayna Capac
at Quispeguanca. Tawantinsuyu 1:55-65.
Heffernan, K. J. 1995. Paullu, Tocto Uisca and Chilche in the Royal Lands
of Limatambo and Quispeguanca. Tawantinsuyu 1:66-85.
Niles, Susan. 1999. The Shape of Inca History: Narrative and Architecture
in an Andean Empire. University of Iowa Press, Iowa City.
Protzen, J-P. 1993. Inca Architecture and Construction at Ollantaytambo.
Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Scott, Eleanor. 1990. Romano-British villas and the social construction
of space. In The Social Archaeology of Houses, ed. by R. Samson, pp. 149-172.
Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh. |
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4. The Architecture of Ideology  |
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Alcock, S., and R. Osborne, eds. 1994. Placing the Gods: Sanctuaries
and Sacred Space in Ancient Greece. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Boone, Elizabeth H., ed. 1987. The Aztec Templo Mayor. Dumbarton Oaks, Washington,
D.C.
DeMarrais, E., L.J. Castillo, and T. Earle. 1996. Ideology, Materialization,
and Power Strategies. Current Anthropology 37:15-31.
Gasparini, G., and L. Margolies. 1980. Inca Architecture, trans. by Patricia
J. Lyon. Indiana University Press, Bloomington.
Heitzman, J. 1987. Temple Urbanism in Medieval South India. Journal of Asian
Studies 46:791-826.
Kemp, B. J. 1972. Temple and Town in Ancient Egypt. In Man, Settlement and
Urbanism, edited by P.J. Ucko, R. Tringham, and G.W. Dimbleby, pp. 657-80.
Duckworth, London.
Lyttelton, M. 1987. The design and planning of temples and sanctuaries in
Asia Minor in the Roman Imperial Period, in S. Macready and F.H. Thompson,
eds., Roman Architecture in the Greek World (Society of Antiquaries of London
Occasional Papers 10), 38-49. London.
Matos Moctezuma, E. 1988. The Great Temple of the Aztecs. Thames and Hudson,
New York. |
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5. Images of leadership 
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Gillespie, Susan D. 1989. The Aztec Kings: The Construction
of Rulership in Mexica History. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.
Gregory, Andrew P. 1994. Powerful images: responses to portraits and the
political uses of images in Rome. Journal of Roman Archaeology 7:80-99.
Helms, Mary W. 1993. Craft and the Kingly Ideal. University of Texas Press,
Austin.
Price, S. R. F. 1984. Rituals and Power: The Roman Imperial Cult in Asia
Minor. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Reade, Julian. 1979. Ideology and propaganda in Assyrian art. In Power and
Propaganda: A Symposium on Ancient Empires, ed. by M.T. Larsen, pp. 329-344.
Akademisk Forlag, Copenhagen
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Root, M.C. 1979. The King and Kingship in Achaemenid Art: Essays on the
Creation of an Iconography of Empire. Acta Iranica 19 (3rd series), Textes
et Mémoires IX. Brill, Leiden.
Zanker, P. 1988. The Power of Images in the Age of Augustus, University
of Michigan, Ann Arbor. |
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6. Art and the ideology of imperialism
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Bauer, Brian S. 1996. Legitimation of the state in Inca myth
and ritual. American Anthropologist 98:338- 351.
Bersani, L. and I. Dutoit. 1985. The Forms of Violence. Narrative in Assyrian
Art and Modern Culture. New York.
Brumfiel, E. M. 1998. Huitzilopochtli's Conquest: Aztec Ideology in the
Archaeological Record. Cambridge Archaeological Journal 8:3-13.
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In Empires, ed. S. Alcock, T. D'Altroy, K. Morrison, C. Sinopoli. Cambridge
University Press, Cambridge.
Henderson, G. 1994. Emulation and Invention in Carolingian Art. In Carolingian
Culture: Emulation and Innovation, edited by R. McKitterick, pp. 248-73.
Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Morris, Craig. 1995. Symbols to power: Styles and media in the Inka state.
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Morrison, K.D. and M.T. Lycett. 1994. Centralized Power, Centralized Authority?
Ideological Claims and Archaeological Patterns. Asian Perspectives 32:312-53.
Pasztory, E. 1983. Aztec Art. Abrams, New York.
Reade, Julian. 1979. Ideology and Propaganda in Assyrian Art. In Power and
Propaganda, ed. M. T. Larsen. Mesopotamia 7:329-343.
Umberger, Emily. 1987. Antiques, revivals, and references to the past in
Aztec art. Res 13:62-105
Umberger, E. and C.F. Klein. 1993.Aztec Art and Imperial Expansion. In Latin
American Horizons, edited by D.S. Rice, pp. 295-336. Dumbarton Oaks, Washington,
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7. Sacred landscapes  |
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Alcock, Susan E. 1993. Spaced-out sanctuaries: the ritual
landscape of Roman Greece. In Theoretical Roman Archaeology: First Conference
Proceedings, ed by E. Scott, pp. 155-166. World Archaeology Series, Avebury,
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Press, Cambridge.
Bauer, Brian S. 1998. The Sacred Landscape of the Incas. University of Texas
Press, Austin.
MacLean, Margaret G. 1986. Sacred Land, Sacred Water: Inca Landscape Planning
in the Cuzco Area. University Microfilms, Ann Arbor, Mich.
McEwan, Colin, and Maarten van de Guchte. 1992. Ancestral time and sacred
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ed. by R. Townsend, pp. 359-317. Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago.
Reinhard, Johan. 1985. Sacred Mountains: An Ethnoarchaeological Study of
High Andean Ruins. Mountain Research and Development 5:299-317.
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Sinopoli, Carla M. 1993. Defining a sacred landscape: Temple architecture
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1991, ed. by A.J. Gail and G.J.R. Mevissen, pp. 625-635. Franz Steiner Verlag,
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8. Military infrastructure  |
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Aperghis, G.G. 1998.The Persepolis Fortification Texts - Another Look. In
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M. Brosius and A. Kuhrt, pp. 35-62. Netherlands Institute for the Near East,
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Barbosa-Cano, Manlio. 1994. Huazyacac: Aztec military base on the imperial
frontier. In Economies and Polities in the Aztec Realm, ed. by M. Hodge
and M.E. Smith, pp. 377-404. Institute for Mesoamerican Studies, Albany.
Hassig, Ross. 1988. Aztec Warfare: Imperial Expansion and Political Control.
University of Oklahoma Press, Norman.
Luttwak, Edward N. 1976. The Grand Strategy of the Roman Empire. Johns Hopkins
University Press, Baltimore. |
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9. Provincial Landscapes  |
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Allchin, F.R. 1995. The Archaeology of Early Historic South
Asia: Early Cities and States. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Barker, G. and J. Lloyd, eds. 1991. Roman Landscapes: Archaeological Survey
in the Mediterranean Region. Archaeological Monographs of the British School
at Rome 2. London.
Barrett, J.C., R. Bradley and M. Green. 1991. Landscape, Monuments and Society:
The Prehistory of Cranborne Chase. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Crumley, Carole, and S. Marquardt. 1993. Burgundian Landscapes.
Gorny, Ronald L., and Sharon R. Steadman, eds. 1995. The Archaeology of
Empire in Ancient Anatolia. Special Issue, Bulletin of the American School
of Oriental Research 299/300:1-121.
Hingley, R. 1989. Romano-British Rural Settlement. Seaby, London.
Julien, C. J. 1993. Finding a Fit: Archaeology and Ethnohistory of the Incas.
In Provincial Inca: Archaeological and Ethnohistorical Assessment of the
Impact of the Inca State, edited by M. A. Malpass, pp. 177-233. University
of Iowa Press, Iowa City.
Liverani, M. 1995. Neo-Assyrian Geography, edited by M. Liverani. Università
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Purcell, N. 1990. The creation of provincial landscape: the Roman impact.
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Wenke, Robert J. 1987. Western Iran in the Partho-Sasanian period: the imperial
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251-282. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C.
Woolf, G.D. 1998. Becoming Roman. The Origins of Provincial Civilization
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10. Infrastructure  |
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Aperghis, G.G. in press. Storehouses and Systems at Persepolis.
Journal for the Economic and Social History of the Orient.
Chevallier, R. 1976. Roman Roads. B.T. Batsford, London.
Graf, D. 1994. The Persian Royal Road System. In Achaemenid History VIII:
Continuity and Change, edited by H. Sancisi-Weerdenburg, A. Kuhrt, and M.C.
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Hyslop, J. 1984. The Inka Road System. Academic Press, New York.
LeVine, Terry Y, ed. 1992. Inka Storage Systems. University of Oklahoma
Press, Norman.
Morrison, K. D. 1993. Supplying the City: the Role of Reservoir Irrigation
in an Indian Urban Landscape. Asian Perspectives 32:133-151.
Owens, E. J. 1991. The Kremna aqueduct and water supply in Roman cities.
Greece and Rome 38:41-58.
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Press, Cambridge
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in the Transition from Inca to Spanish Cuzco. In Irrigation at High Altitudes:
The Social Organization of Water Control Systems in the Andes, edited by
William P. Mitchell and David Guillet. Society for Latin American Anthropology
Publication Series, vol. 12, pp. 69-97. American Anthropological Association,
Washington, D.C. |
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11. Agricultural intensification under
the imperial aegis  |
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Armillas, P. 1971. Gardens in swamps. Science 174:653-661.
Lentz, David, ed. 2000. Imperfect Balance: Landscape Transformations in
the Precolumbian Americas. Columbia University Press, New York.
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Intensification. Contribution. 53, The Archaeological Research Facility,
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Smith, M.E. and T.J. Price. 1994. Aztec-period agricultural terraces in
Morelos, Mexico: Evidence for household-level agricultural intensification.
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Wenke, Robert J. 1975-76. Imperial investment and agricultural development
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12. Specialized craft production under
imperial auspices  |
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Brumfiel, E. M. 1987. Elite and Utilitarian Crafts in the
Aztec State. In Specialization, Exchange, and Complex Societies, edited
by E. M. Brumfiel and T. K. Earle, pp. 102-18. Cambridge University Press,
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D'Altroy, T.N. and R.A. Bishop. 1990. The provincial organization of Inka
ceramic production. American Antiquity 55:120-138.
Otis Charlton, Cynthia L. 1994. Plebeians and Patricians: Contrasting Patterns
of Production and Distribution in the Aztec Figurine and Lapidary Industries.
In Economies and Polities in the Aztec Realm, edited by M.G. Hodge and M.E.
Smith, pp.195-219. Institute for Mesoamerican Studies, State University
of New York at Albany, Albany.
Peacock, D.P.S. 1982. Pottery in the Roman World: An Ethnoarchaeological
Approach. Longman, London.
Ramaswamy, V. 1985. Artisans in Vijayanagara Society. Indian Economic and
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13. Social identity  |
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Anawalt, Patricia R. 1992. A Comparative Analysis of the Costumes
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Brumfiel, Elizabeth M. 1996. Figurines and the Aztec State: Testing the
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Laurence, Ray and Joanne Berry, eds. 1998. Cultural Identity in the Roman
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McCafferty, S.D. and G.G. McCafferty. 1998. Weapons of Resistance: Spinning
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14. Daily life  |
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15. Colonization and resettlement  |
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16. Trade networks  |
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Begeley, V. and D. DePuma, eds. 1991. Rome and India: the
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Berdan, Fances F. 1987a. Cotton in Aztec Mexico: Production, Distribution,
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-. 1988 Principles of Regional and Long-Distance Trade in the Aztec Empire.
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17. At the edge: imperial frontiers  |
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Dillehay, Tom D., and Patricia J. Netherly. 1985. The Inca Frontier.
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18. Imperial collapse and aftermath  |
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