| * denotes required reading; all other readings are provided as recommendations and as starter references for students interested in pursuing readings on the week's topic. | |
| Sept. 10 | Introduction |
| Wenke, Robert. 1981. Explaining the Evolution of Cultural
Complexity: A Review. In Advances in Archaeological Method and Theory, ed.
Michael B. Schiffer 4:79-127. New York: Academic Press. Wenke, Robert. 1999. Patterns in Prehistory, 4th ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press. [ch. 7, 8, 13] Wright, Henry T. 1977. Toward an Explanation of the Origin of the State. In Explanation of Prehistoric Change, ed. James N. Hill, 215-30. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press. |
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| Sept. 17 | The foundations of marxism |
| * Engels, Frederick. 1972. The Origin of the Family, Private Property, and the State. New York: International Publishers. | |
| Sept. 24 | Technology and social evolution |
| Childe, V. Gordon. 1951. Social Evolution. London:
Watts. * Childe, V. Gordon. 1936. Man Makes Himself. New York: Meridian. Diakonoff, Igor M. 1969. The Rise of the Despotic State in Ancient Mesoamerica. In Ancient Mesopotamia: A Socio-economic History, ed. Igor M. Diakonoff. Moscow: Mauka Publishing House. * Diamond, Jared. 1999. Guns, Germs, and Steel. New York: Norton. (pages TBA) Friedman, Jonathan, and Michael J. Rowlands. 1977. Notes toward an Epigenetic Model of the Evolution of "Civilization." In The Evolution of Social Systems, ed. Jonathan Friedman and Michael J. Rowlands, pp. 201-78. London: Duckworth. Gilman, Antonio. 1981. The Development of Social Stratification in Bronze Age Europe. Current Anthropology 22:1-23. |
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| Oct. 1 | Conflict and stratification |
| * Fried, Morton. 1967. The Evolution of Political Society. New York: Random House. [esp. Ch. 1, 4-6] | |
| Oct. 8 | Cooperation and integration |
| * Service, Elman. 1975. Origins of the State and Civilization. New York: Norton. [esp. Ch. 1-4, 10, 12] | |
| Oct. 15 | Hydraulic agriculture and the rise of the state |
| * Blanton, Richard, Steven Kowalewski, Gary M. Feinman, and
Laura M. Finsten. 1993. Ancient Mesoamerica, 2d ed. Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press. [pp. TBA] Hunt, Eva, and Robert C. Hunt. 1978. Irrigation, Conflict, and Politics: A Mexican Case. In Origins of the State, ed. Ronald Cohen and Elman Service, 69-123. Philadelphia: ISHI. Kirkby, Anne V. T. 1973. The Use of Land and Water Resources in the Past and Present Valley of Oaxaca, Mexico. Memoirs of the Museum of Anthropology, No. 3. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan. [conclusion] * Price, Barbara. 1971. Prehispanic Irrigation Agriculture in Nuclear America. Latin American Research Review 6:3-60. * Wittfogel, Karl. 1974. [1955] Developmental Aspects of Hydraulic Societies. In The Rise and Fall of Civilizations, ed. Jeremy Sabloff and C.C. Lamberg-Karlovsky, 15-25. Menlo Park, CA: Cummings. |
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| Oct. 22 | Population pressure and warfare |
| * Carneiro, Robert. 1970. A
Theory of the Origin of the State. Science 160:733-38. -----. 1978. Political Expansion as an Expression of the Principle of Competitive Exclusion. In Origins of the State: The Anthropology of Political Evolution, eds. Ronald Cohen and Elman Service, pp. 205-24. Philadelphia: ISHI. * -----. 1988. The Circumscription Theory. American Behavioral Scientist 31:4:497-511. Cohen, Ronald. 1984. Warfare and State Formation: Wars make States and States made Wars. In Warfare, Culture, and Environment, ed. R. Brian Ferguson, 329-58. New York: Academic Press. Gall, Patricia, and Arthur Saxe. 1977. The Ecological Evolution of Culture: The State as Predator in Succession Theory. In Exchange Systems in Prehistory, ed. Timothy Earle and Jonathan Ericson, 255-68. New York: Academic Press. Haas, Jonathan. 1982. The Evolution of the Prehistoric State. New York: Columbia University Press. Webster, David L. 1977. Warfare and Evolution of Maya Civilization. In The Origin of Maya Civilization, ed. Richard E. W. Adams, 335-71. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press. * Wilson, David. 1997. Early State Formation on the North Coast of Peru. In The Archaeology of City-States, Deborah L. Nichols and Thomas H. Charlton, eds. pp. 229-244. Washington: Smithsonian. * Wright, Henry T., and Gregory Johnson. 1975. Population, Exchange, and Early State Formation in Southwestern Iran. American Anthropologist 77:267-89. |
|
| Oct. 29 | Ideology as cultural adaptation |
| Drennan, Robert W. 1976. Religion and Social Evolution in
Formative Mesoamerica. In The Early Mesoamerican Village, ed. Kent
V. Flannery, pp. 345-68. New York: Academic Press. * Flannery, Kent V. 1968. The Olmec and the Valley of Oaxaca. In Dumbarton Oaks Conference on the Olmec, ed. Elizabeth Benson, pp. 79-110. Washington, DC: Dumbarton Oaks. * Marcus, Joyce, and Kent V. Flannery. 1992. Ancient Zapotec ritual and religion: an application of the direct historical approach. In The Ancient Mind: Elements of Cognitive Archaeology, ed. Colin Renfew and Ezra Zubrow, pp. 55-74. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. * Rappaport, Roy A. 1971. The Sacred in Human Evolution. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 2:23-44. |
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| Nov. 5 | University holiday |
| Nov. 12 | Ideology as cultural genesis |
| * Conrad, Geoffrey W., and Arthur A. Demarest. 1984. Religion
and Empire. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Demarest, Arthur A., and Geoffrey W. Conrad, eds. 1992. Ideology and Pre-Columbian Civilizations. School of American Research, Santa Fe. Seattle: University of Washington Press. [pp. 1-13, 135-174] Freidel, David A. 1981. Civilization as a State of Mind: The Cultural Evolution of the Lowland Maya. In The Transition to Statehood in the New World, ed. Grant D. Jones and Robert R. Kautz, 188-227. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Kenoyer, Jonathan M. 1997. Early City-States in South Asia. In The Archaeology of City-States, Deborah L. Nichols and Thomas H. Charlton, eds., pp. 51-70. Washington: Smithsonian. * Miller, Daniel. 1985. Ideology and the Indus Civilization. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 4:34-71. * Yates, Robin D. S. 1997. The City-State in Ancient China. In The Archaeology of City-States, Deborah L. Nichols and Thomas H. Charlton, eds. pp. 71-90. Washington: Smithsonian. |
|
| Nov. 19 | Specialization and exchange |
| * Brumfiel, Elizabeth, and Timothy Earle. 1987. Specialization,
Exchange and Complex Society.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. [introductory ch. by Brumfiel
and Earle] * Costin, Cathy L. 1991. Craft Specialization: Issues in Defining, Documenting, and Explaining the Organization of Production. In Archaeological Method and Theory, ed. Michael B. Schiffer, vol. 3, 1-56. Tucson: University of Arizona Press. Costin, Cathy L., and Rita P. Wright, eds. 1998. Craft and Social Identity. Archeological Papers of the American Anthropological Association Number 8. Washington, DC. Clark, John, and William J. Parry. 1990. Craft Specialization and Cultural Complexity. Research in Economic Anthropology 12:289-346. * Earle, Timothy K. 1977 A Reappraisal of Redistribution: Complex Hawaiian Chiefdoms. In Exchange Systems in Prehistory, ed. Timothy Earle and Jonathan Ericson, 213-29. New York: Academic Press. Kipp, Rita Smith, and Edward M. Schortman. 1989. The Political Impact of Trade in Chiefdoms. American Anthropologist 91:370-85. Rathje, William. 1972.Praise the Gods and Pass the Metates: A Hypothesis of the Development of Lowland Rainforest Civilizations. In Contemporary Archaeology, ed. Mark Leone, 365-92. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press. * Stein, Gil. 1994. Economy, Ritual and Power in 'Ubaid Mesopotamia. In Chiefdoms and Early States in the Near East: The Organizational Dynamics of Complexity, pp. 35-46 Monographs in World Archaeology No. 18. Madison: Prehistory Press. |
|
| Nov. 26 | Information processing |
| * Flannery, Kent V. 1972.he Cultural Evolution of Civilizations.
Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics
3:399-426. Johnson, Gregory. 1982. Organizational Structure and Scalar Stress. In Theory and Explanation in Archaeology, ed. Colin Renfrew, Michael J. Rowlands, and Barbara Segraves, pp. 389-421. New York: Academic Press. Johnson, Gregory. 1987. The Changing Organization of Uruk Administration on the Susiana Plain. In The Archaeology of Western Iran, ed., Frank Hole, pp. 107-39. Washington, DC: Smithsonian. * Wright, Henry T. 1994. Prestate Political Formations. In Chiefdoms and Early States in the Near East, ed. Gil Stein and Mitchell S. Rothman. Monographs in World Archaeology No. 8, pp. 67-84. Prehistory Press, Madison, Wisconsin. |
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| Dec. 3 | Multivariate causality in Mesoamerica. |
| Adams, Robert McC. 1965. The Evolution of Urban Society.
Chicago: Aldine. pp. TBA Adams, Robert McC. 1984. Mesopotamian Social Evolution: Old Outlooks, New Goals. In On the Evolution of Complex Societies, ed. Timothy K. Earle, pp. 79-129. Malibu: Undena. Blanton, Richard, Steven Kowalewski, Gary M. Feinman, and Laura M. Finsten. 1993. Ancient Mesoamerica, 2d ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. * Charlton, Thomas H. and Deborah L. Nichols. 1997. Diachronic Studies of City-States: Permutations on a Theme. In The Archaeology of City-States, Deborah L. Nichols and Thomas H. Charlton, eds., pp. 169-207. Washington: Smithsonian. * Hodge, Mary G. 1997. When is a City-State? In The Archaeology of City-States, Deborah L. Nichols and Thomas H. Charlton, eds., pp. 209-227. Washington: Smithsonian. * Sanders, William T., Jeffrey R. Parsons, and Robert S. Santley. 1978. The Basin of Mexico: Evolution of a Civilization. New York: Academic Press. [chapter. 1 and 8, chapter 9] Part 1 Sanders, William T. 1984. Pre-Industrial Demography and Social Evolution. In On the Evolution of Complex Societies, ed. Timothy K. Earle, pp. 7-39. Malibu: Undena. |
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| Dec. 10 | The collapse of ancient states |
| * Tainter, Joseph. 1984. The Collapse of Complex
Societies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. * Yoffee, Norman, and George Cowgill. eds., 1988. The Collapse of Ancient States and Empires. Tucson: University of Arizona Press. [esp. article by Cowgill] |
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| Dec. 17 | Papers/exams due |
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Alternative
topics
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|
| The Classic City-States Charlton and Nichols, Stone, Morris, and Webster articles in The Archaeology of City-States, Deborah L. Nichols and Thomas H. Charlton, eds. Washington: Smithsonian. The Formation of Ancient Empires Champion, Timothy C., ed. 1989. Centre and Periphery: Comparative Studies in Archaeology. London: Unwin, Hyman. Chase-Dunn, Christopher, and Thomas D. Hall. 1991. Conceptualizing Core/Periphery Hierarchies for Comparative Study. In Core/Periphery Relations in Precapitalist Worlds, ed. Christopher Chase-Dunn and Thomas D. Hall, pp. 5-44. Boulder: Westview Press. D'Altroy, Terence N. 1992. Provincial Power in the Inka Empire. Washington, DC: Smithsonian. [ch. 1, 2, 10] Ekholm, Kasja, and Jonathan Friedman. 1979. Capital Imperialism and Exploitation in Ancient World Systems. In Power and Propaganda, ed. Mogens T. Larsen, pp. 41-58. Copenhagen: Akademisk Forlag. Hassig, Ross. 1985. Trade, Tribute, and Transportation. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. [esp. ch. 1-7] Luttwak, Edward N. 1976. The Grand Strategy of the Roman Empire. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press. Rowlands, Michael J., ed. 1987. Centre and Periphery in the Ancient World. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. [introduction] Santley, Robert S., and R. T. Alexander. 1993. The Political Economy of Core-Periphery Systems. In Resources, Power, and Interregional Interactions, ed. Robert Schortman and Patricia Urban, pp. 23-59. New York: Plenum. Schneider, Jane. 1991. "Was there a Precapitalist World-system?" In Core/Periphery Relations in Precapitalist Worlds, ed. Christopher Chase-Dunn and Thomas D. Hall, pp. 5-45-66. Boulder: Westview Press. [reprinted from Peasant Studies 6:1:20-29; 1979.] |
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