Born Feb 4, 1926, Budapest, Hungary.

U.S. citizen, naturalized 1953.

Married, six children.

1950-56 M.I.T. Cambridge, MA.: Ph.D. in Economics, 1956.

1947-48 M.I.T. Cambridge, MA.: S.M. in Chemical Engineering, 1948.

1946-47 E.T.H. (Federal Technical Institute), Zurich, Switzerland and University of Basle, Basle, Switzerland. Industrial Chemistry.

1943-46 Technical University, Budapest, Hungary. Chemical Engineering.

Professional - English, Spanish, German, French, Hungarian.

Read - Portuguese, Italian, Dutch, Latin.

Other - Signed English

1996-date; Adjunct Professor (also 1973-76) of Urban Planning, Columbia University, New York. International planning issues; globalization; sustainable development.

1977-date; Adjunct Professor (also 1970-1973) of City and Regional Planning, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY; International planning issues; globalization; sustainable development.

1963-date Professor (since 1995, emeritus) of Economics, New School for Social Research, Graduate Faculty of Political and Social Science, New York; Chair, Department of Economics, 1977; Senior Lecturer, 1990-94. Economic development; Third World; mathematical models.

1973-76 Visiting Professor of Urban Studies and Planning, M.I.T., Cambridge, MA.Economic development; mathematical models.

1972 Visiting Professor of Economics, Barnard College, New York. Regional development.

1957-61 United Nations, Technical Assistance Administration and Economic Commission for Latin America, Santiago, Chile. Associate and Acting Director of Economic Development Training Programme; intensive training courses in Argentina, Brazil, Mexico, and Venezuela; courses on linear programming and economic development planning.

1953-56 Instructor of Economics, M.I.T., Cambridge, MA. Introductory economics.

1950-53 Instructor of Chemistry, Franklin Technical Institute, Boston, MA. Organic chemistry.

1997-00 Haldi Associates, Inc., expert witness testimony preparation: postal rate, patent infringement cases.

1997-98 U.S. Environmental Protection Administration, Grant, Air Quality, Urban Form, and Coordinated Urban Action. Principal Investigator.

1994-95 Ferrelcalvillo Communications, New York. Economic consultant on database expansion by adding qualitative information.

1992-94 PEMEX Gas y Petroquímica Básica (PEMEX Gas and Basic Petrochemicals), Mexico City. Consultant to the Director General, following the decentralization of PEMEX: basic management problems connected with the transition; strategic planning, price negotiations and transfer pricing; industrial development and environmental policies; management reorganization; corporate strategy and cultural change; economic models; crisis response management.

1991-93 SUMMUS, Inc., Stamford, CT. Consultant on project involving sales training in private banking for Credit Suisse.

1988-92 Petroleos Mexicanos (PEMEX), Mexico City. Consultant on management and strategic planning: energy saving and environmental projects; finance of modernization and ecological investments; and issues of US-Mexico free trade area negotiations.

1991 Institutional Financing Services, Beneficia, CA. Projections of educational markets in twelve countries.

1988; 1985 United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) and United Nations Development Program (UNDP). Consultant on evaluation of Diesel engine manufacturing, Joydevpur and Dhaka, Bangladesh.

1986-87 Cornell University Peace Studies Program. Principal investigator, Project on Class, Nationality and US-USSR cooperation in Third World Development.

1986-87 United States, Agency for International Development. Directed Regional Income Distribution project, Somalia.

1986 Steelcase Corporation. Consultant on marketing and perception mapping survey of US office furniture industry.

1986 United Nations, Dept. of Technical Cooperation for Development. Implementation of development strategy for Second Four Year Plan, Guinea-Bissau.

1986 Cornell University and New York State Department of Commerce: Southern Tier Regional Development Conference. Participated in conference organization and writing of final report.

1985 United Nations, Department of Technical Cooperation for Development. Evaluation of poverty project in Panama; definition of development strategy for Second Four Year Plan, Guinea-Bissau; lecturer on planning and development, Venezuela.

1985 International Development and Energy Associates. Study of energy development problems and prospects, Dominican Republic.

1984-85 Trinet, Inc. (Control Data Corporation). Joint project on construction of County Industry Database, an enhancement of County Business Patterns.

1984 World Bank. Lecturer on industrial development planning.

1984 United Nations Development Programme. Review of regional planning agencies in Panama.

1983 Allied Corporation, Morristown, NJ. Consultant on business problems in Mexico.

1983 Marsteller, Inc., New York. Consultant on technical and economic changes affecting the advertising industry.

1982-83 Government of Greece, Ministry of National Economy, and Center for Economic Planning and Research (KEPE), Athens. Directed major project on technical coordination of planning process for Five Year Plan.

1981-83 Government of Mexico, Department of the Treasury. Directed major project on industrial and regional development of Northern frontier region.

1981-83 Allied Corporation, Morristown, NJ. Consultant on a series of acquisition studies.

1977-80 Monterrey Institute of Technology, Mexico. Regional, transport, and industrial development reseach projects in the Yucatan, and in the Gulf of Mexico and Chicontepec petroleum regions.

1978-79 Chrysler Corporation and Young & Rubicam, New York. Consultant on strategic planning and marketing.

1977-78 United Nations Development Programme. Review of international development institutions in Asia.

1977-78 Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY. Congressional study of energy problems in transport sector in the course of general economic development in Third World countries.

1977 United States Energy Research and Development Administration (ERDA). Program development for Environmental and Technology Assessment Branch.

1976-77 National Spinning Co, New York. Consultant on corporate planning.

1976-77 Yekom Economic Consultants, Tehran, Iran. National income and input-output study for Iranian Statistical Center.

1976 World Bank, Washington, DC. Sites and Services Housing Project, Guatemalan earthquake relief.

1975-76 Government of Puerto Rico, Governor's Interagency Committee on Puerto Rico's Economic Development Strategy. Consultant on planning, human resources and cooperatives.

1973-75 U.S. Government, National Institute of Mental Health, Center for the Study of Metropolitan Problems. Directed major study on urban labor markets and poverty.

1974; 64-70 UNIDO, Vienna: Directed major project on the development of the engineering industries as potential export industries; expert working group on preparation of UNIDO World Conference of 1975.

1972-73 OECD, Paris. Chemical industry development in Portugal; working group on industrial development consultancy and choice of technology, Paris.

1969-73 World Bank, Washington, DC. Development of the heavy electrical equipment industry in Mexico

1970-72 Cornell University, Center for Urban Development Research, Ithaca, NY, and New York State Urban Development Corporation. Directed study of alternative transport, urbanization and industrial development patterns in New York State.

1967-68 U.S. Government, Office of Economic Opportunity. Directed major project on economic development of Harlem.

1962-65 IBM Corporation, T.J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY. Research on planning models and computerization of planning process, including IBM strategic planning.

1957-61 United Nations, Technical Assistance Administration and Economic Commission for Latin America, Santiago, Chile. Directed major study of integration of chemical industry in Latin American common market; Advisory Group Member and Regional Expert on Industrial Development in Bolivia, Chile, Columbia, Cuba, and Venezuela.

1957 Ente Nazionale Idrocarburi, Rome. Consultant on petrochemical development and energy problems in connection with European Common Market.

1956-57 Economic Development Administration, San Juan, Puerto Rico. Consultant on regional, industrial, and energy development.

TRANSCULTURAL FOUNDATIONS OF SUCCESS IN JOINT VENTURES: THE BEST-PRACTICE CASE OF MABE-GE. Cornell University, Center for Advanced Human Resource Studies, 1996.

NYSERNET MARKET AND ECONOMIC IMPACT STUDY. I: Initial Marketing Analysis, II: Lessons from Four Networks, III: Supercomputing, Biomedical, Education K-12, Industry (with Alan K. McAdams, James Lombardi, and William Dougan). New York State Education and Research Network, New York, 1988.

OPERATION BOOTSTRAP: INDUSTRIAL AUTONOMY AND A PARALLEL ECONOMY FOR PUERTO RICO (by W.W. Goldsmith and Thomas Vietorisz). Ithaca, New York, Cornell University, Department of City and Regional Planning, Working Papers in Planning, No. 16, 1977.

POVERTY STRATEGIES: A COMPARISON OF LATIN AMERICA AND THE UNITED STATES (by Thomas Vietorisz, W.W. Goldsmith and Robert Mier). Comparative Urbanization Series, Los Angeles, University of California, School of Architecture and Urban Planning, 1976.

PLANNING AND PROGRAMMING OF METALWORKING INDUSTRIES WITH SPECIAL VIEW TO EXPORTS (by Thomas Vietorisz and Richard Lissak). Vienna, UNIDO, 1972, Sales Number E.72.II.B.7.

THE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF HARLEM (by Thomas Vietorisz and Bennett Harrison). New York, Praeger, 1970.

ENGINEERING INDUSTRY. Vienna, UNIDO, 1969, E.69.II.B.39, Vol. 4.

CHEMICAL INDUSTRY. Vienna, UNIDO, 1969, E.69.II.B.39, Vol. 8.

TECHNIQUES OF SECTORAL ECONOMIC PLANNING: THE CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES. New York, United Nations, 1966, 66.II.B.17.

LA INDUSTRIA QUIMICA EN AMERICA LATINA (The Chemical Industry in Latin America (Final Report of project directed). Mexico City, United Nations, 1963.

INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX ANALYSIS AND REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT (by Walter Isard, E.W. Schooler, and Thomas Vietorisz). New York, The Technology Press and Wiley, 1959.

THE DESIGN OF RESIDENCES FOR CLIMATIC COMFORT: A SURVEY OF THE TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC PROBLEMS FACING THE ARCHITECT AND THE BUILDING AND CLIMATE CONTROL INDUSTRIES. Cambridge, MA, MIT, Albert Farwell Bemis Foundation, 1954.

"A Planning Method"; "Issues in the Structure of Export Organizations" (with B. Donohue); and "System of Integrating projects Generated at the Nomos Level with Ministerial Projects in the Five Year Plan" (with B. Donohue). Athens, Center for Planning and Economic Research, 1984.

"Epilogue: The Hieroglyph of Production," in Edward A. Nell, Ed., GROWTH, PROFITS, AND PROPERTY. Cambridge University Press, New York, 1980, 303-304.

ENERGY NEEDS, USES, AND RESOURCES IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES (Contributor). Upton, NY, Brookhaven National Laboratory, National Center for Analysis of Energy Systems, No. 50784, 1978.

"Technology Assessment of Alternative Work Schedules" (by John Haldi and Thomas Vietorisz). In RANN 2: REALIZING KNOWLEDGE AS RESOURCE, Proceedings of the Symposium. National Science Foundation, Washington, DC, US Government Printing Office, Vol. V, 1977, 132.

Indicators of Labor Market Functioning and Urban Social Distress" (By Thomas Vietorisz, Robert Mier, and Jean-Ellen Giblin). In THE SOCIAL ECONOMY OF CITIES, Vol. 9, Urban Affairs Annual Review, 1975.

"Full Employment at Living Wages" (By Thomas Vietorisz, Robert Mier, and Bennett Harrison). In THE ANNALS OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF POLITICAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCE, 1975.

"The Use of Input-Output Computer Information in Programming for Chemical Processes." In Karen R. Polenske and J.V. Skolka, Eds., ADVANCES IN INPUT-OUTPUT ANALYSIS, Cambridge, MA, Ballinger Publishing Company, 1976, Ch. 17, 345-362.

"INTRODUCTION" TO LONG-RANGE ECONOMIC PLANNING IN A FREE SOCIETY. Proceedings of a Congressional Conference, May 22, 1975, New York, Fund for New Priorities in America, 1975.

"Agro-Distribution Systems for Asian Countries" (by Bennett Harrison and Thomas Vietorisz). In Louis Lefeber and Mrinal Datta-Chaudhuri, REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT EXPERIENCES AND PROSPECTS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA, Paris, Mouton, 1971.

"The Planned Inter-Regional Location of Industry: Argument in Favor of a Trade-Not-Aid Approach." In INDUSTRIALIZATION AND REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT, New York, United Nations, 1971, Sales No. E.71.II.B.18, Ch. 3, 63-115.

"Locational Choices in Planning." In Max Millikan, Ed., NATIONAL ECONOMIC PLANNING, New York, National Bureau of Economic Research and Columbia University Press, 1967, 69-128.

"The Potential of the Computer and High-Speed Information Processing Techniques for Industrial Development." In SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT, Washington, D.C., U.S. Government Printing Office, 1963, Vol. 4, 103-117.

"Chemical Processes, Plant Location, and Economies of Scale," (Ch. 6): "Alternative Approaches to Metalworking Process Analysis," (Ch. 15); and "Sector Studies in Economic Development Planning by Means of Process Analysis Models," (Ch. 17). In A.S. Manne and H.M. Markowitz, Eds., STUDIES IN PROCESS ANALYSIS: ECONOMY-WIDE PRODUCTION CAPABILITIES, New York, Wiley, 1963.

"Economic Benefits and Public Support of a National Education and Research Network." EDUCOM BULLETIN, Vol. 23, No. 2-3, Summer-Fall 1988, 63-71 (with Alan K. McAdams, James Lombardi, and William Dougan).

"Planning and Political Economy." SOCIAL RESEARCH, Vol. 50, No. 2, Summer 1983, 469-84.

"Subemployment: Concepts, Measurements, and Trends" (by Thomas Vietorisz, Robert Mier, Jean-Ellen Giblin, and Bennett Harrison). PROCEEDINGS OF THE INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS RESEARCH ASSOCIATION, 1975.

"Economic Policy Design: Principles and Urban Applications." EASTERN ECONOMIC JOURNAL, Vol. 1, No. 1, January, 1974.

"Labor Market Segmentation: Positive Feedback and Divergent Development: (by Thomas Vietorisz and Bennett Harrison). AMERICAN ECONOMIC REVIEW, May 1973.

"Labor Market Segmentation: The Endogenous Origin of the Barriers to Mobility" (by Thomas Vietorisz and Bennett Harrison). PROCEEDINGS OF THE INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS RESEARCH ASSOCIATION, 1975.

"We Need a $3.50 Minimum Wage." CHALLENGE, May-June 1973, 49-62.

The Urban Future of New York State: Elements of a New Communities Strategy" (by Thomas Vietorisz and Peter Bearse). NORTHEAST REGIONAL SCIENCE REVIEW, Vol. 2, 1972.

"Crisis of the Underemployed" (by William Spring, Bennett Harri son and Thomas Vietorisz). NEW YORK TIMES MAGAZINE, November 5, 1972.

"Ghetto Development, Community Organizations, and Public Policy" (by Thomas Vietorisz and Bennett Harrison). REVIEW OF BLACK POLITICAL ECONOMY, Fall, 1971.

"The Potential of Ghetto Development" (by Thomas Vietorisz and Bennett Harrison). NORTHEAST REGIONAL SCIENCE REVIEW, 1971, 63-106.

"Quantized Preferences and Planning by Priorities." AMERICAN ECONOMIC REVIEW, May, 1970.

"Sources of Information for Ghetto Economic Planning: the Harlem Development Project" (by Thomas Vietorisz and Bennett Harrison). URBAN AND REGIONAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS ASSOCIATION PAPERS, Sixth Annual Conference, Center for Urban Regionalism, Kent State University, Ohio, 1969, 111-122.

"Decentralization and Project Evaluation under Economies of Scale and Indivisibilities." INDUSTRIALIZATION AND PRODUCTIVITY, New York, United Nations, Bulletin 12, 1968, 25-58.

"Pre-Investment Data Summary for the Chemical Industry." INDUSTRIALIZATION AND PRODUCTIVITY, New York, United Nations, Bulletin 10, 1966, 7-56.

"Industrial Development Planning Models with Economies of Scale and Indivisibilities." REGIONAL SCIENCE ASSOCIATION PAPERS AND PROCEEDINGS, Vol. XII, 1964, 157-192.

"Preliminary Bibliography for Industrial Development Programming, Chemical and Related Industries." INDUSTRIALIZATION AND PRODUCTIVITY, New York, United Nations, Bull. 6, 1963, 67-77.

"Preliminary Bibliography for Industrial Development Programming, Part I: Industries in General." INDUSTRIALIZATION AND PRODUCTIVITY, New York, United Nations, Bull. 5, 1962, 68-82.

"Industrial Complex Analysis and Regional Development with Particular Reference to Puerto Rico" (by Walter Isard, E.W. Schooler and Thomas Vietorisz). REGIONAL SCIENCE ASSOCIATION PAPERS AND PROCEEDINGS, Vol. 1, 1955, U1-U17.

A.S. Manne, Ed., Investments in Capacity Expansion: Size, Location, and Time Phasing, MIT Press, 1967. reviewed for AMERICAN ECONOMIC REVIEW, December, 1968.

Reports and Conference Papers

"Watershed-Based Effluent Trading" (with Arthur Hammond-Tooke and Daniel Byrd). Research memorandum (1998).

"The Effluent Society: Managing America's Fresh Water Resources as a Closed Loop Recycling Process" (with Arthur Hammond-Tooke and Daniel Byrd). Research memorandum (1998).

AIR QUALITY, URBAN FORM, AND COORDINATED URBAN ACTION, Report under EPA grant CX 825 784-01-0, Principal Investigator, April, 1998.

MUTUAL INFLUENCE BETWEEN US-USSR RELATIONS AND THIRD WORLD DEVELOPMENT. Conference Paper, Workshop on Macroeconomic Planning and Management, Cornell University, May 1-2, 1987.

REPORT OF THE REGIONAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT CONFERENCE, BINGHAMTON, NY, MAY 28-29, 1986 (contributor). Cornell University and SUNY-Binghamton, 1986.

REGIONAL VARIATION, ECONOMIC SPECIALIZATION, AND INCOME DISTRIBUTION IN SOMALIA. USAID, Somalia, 1987.

POLITICA INDUSTRIAL Y DESARROLLO FRONTERIZO (Industrial Policy and Border Development; final Report of project directed). Mexico City, Government of Mexico, Department of the Treasury, Division of Fiscal Promotion, November, 1982, unpublished.

EVALUACION DE LA PROBLEMATICA DEL DESARROLLO FRONTERIZO (Evaluation of the Problems of Border Development; report of project directed). Mexico City, Government of Mexico, Department of the Treasury, Division of Fiscal Promotion, September 30, 1981, unpublished.

DEPENDENCIA FRONTERIZA Y AUTONOMIA NACIONAL (Border Dependency and National Autonomy). Mexico City, Government of Mexico, Department of the Treasury, Division of Fiscal Promotion, June 30, 1980, unpublished.

PERSPECTIVES OF TRANSPORTATION AND LIQUID FUELS IN THE LESS DEVELOPED COUNTRIES. Project Report, Brookhaven National Laboratory, 1978, unpublished.

EARNED FAMILY INCOMES AND THE URBAN CRISIS. Final Report of Project MH-23615, Center for the Study of Metropolitan Problems, National Institute of Mental health, Washington, DC, January, 1976.

ALTERNATIVE WORK SCHEDULES: A TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT (by John Haldi, John Owen, and Thomas Vietorisz). Final Report to the National Science Foundation, Washington, DC, 1975.

"From Class to Hierarchy: Non-Price Aspects of the Transformation Problem." Conference Paper, NEW SCHOOL FOR SOCIAL RESEARCH, CONFERENCE ON POLITCAL ECONOMY, New York, Research Center for Economic Planning, Working Paper No. 18, 1975.

"Economic Roots of the Urban Crisis" (by Jean-Ellen Giblin, Thom- as Vietorisz, and Robert Mier). Presented at the AMERICAN PSYCHIATRIC ASSOCIATION ANNUAL MEETING, Detroit, Michigan, May, 1974; New York, Research Center for Economic Planning, Working Paper No. 8, 1974.

"Is Reduced Subemployment Compatible with Inflation Control?" Conference Paper, EASTERN ECONOMIC ASSOCIATION CONFERENCE, Albany, NY, October, 1974; New York, Research Center for Economic Planning, Working Paper No. 14, 1974.

"Drug Use, the Labor Market, and Class Conflict" (by John Helmer and Thomas Vietorisz). Conference Paper, AMERICAN SOCIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION ANNUAL MEETING, New York, August, 1974; New York, Research Center for Economic Planning, Working Paper No. 13, 1974.

"Subemployment Indicators" (by Thomas Vietorisz, Robert Mier, and Jean-Ellen Giblin). Conference Paper, NORTH AMERICAN CONFERENCE ON LABOR STATISTICS, U.S. Department of Labor, Hyannis, MA, 1974; New York, Research Center for Economic Planning, Working Paper No. 1, 1974.

MODELLING THE ENGINEERING SECTOR: THE HEAVY ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT INDUSTRIES IN MEXICO. Project report, World Bank, Washington, DC, 1973.

"Labor Market Segmentation: The Institutionalization of Divergence" (by Thomas Vietorisz and Bennett Harrison). HARVARD CONFERENCE ON LABOR MARKET SEGMENTATION, Cambridge, MA, March, 1973.

"Structure and Change in the Engineering Industries." Conference Paper, FIFTH INTERNATIONAL INPUT-OUTPUT CONFERENCE, Geneva, 1971.

THE DESIGN AND EVALUATION OF ALTERNATIVE PATTERNS OF NEW TOWN DEVELOPMENT FOR THE STATE OF NEW YORK, Vol. I-III (final Report of project directed). Submitted to the New York State Urban Development Corporation, Ithaca, NY, Cornell University, Center for Urban Development Research, 1971.

SETTLEMENT PATTERNS AND HOUSING IN PUERTO RICO (by Thomas Vietorisz and Eric Kruger. New York, United Nations, Ad Hoc Expert Group Meeting on Housing Policy, Programming, and Administration, San Juan, Puerto Rico, 1971.

"Production and Innovation in the Machine Tool Industry" (by Thomas Vietorisz and Jacob Sonny). Conference Paper, ECONOMETRIC SOCIETY ANNUAL MEETING, New Orleans, LA, 1971.

THE ANALYTIC PROFILES: DRAFT QUESTIONNAIRE ORIENTED TO THE METAL WORKING INDUSTRIES. Working Paper on Industrial rofiles, Beirut, Lebanon, 4-7 May, 1970; Vienna, UNIDO, ID/WG.57/3, April 17, 1970.

A PROPOSED INVESTMENT PROGRAM FOR THE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF CENTRAL HARLEM (by Thomas Vietorisz and Bennett Harrison). Report to the U.S. Office of Economic Opportunity, Grant CG- 8730, Subcontract No. 1; New York, New School for Social Research, Center for Economic Planning, 1968.

DATA REQUIREMENTS FOR INDUSTRY ANALYSIS AND PROGRAMMING. International Working Group on Industrial Programming, Vienna, UNIDO, 15 February, 1968.

EL MERCADO COMUN Y LA INDUSTRIA QUIMICA EN AMERICA LATINA (The Common Market and the Chemical Industry in Latin America; with Zoltan Szabo), Vol. I-III. Final Report of a joint working party of the United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Chilean Development Corporation, Santiago, Chile, 1959, unpublished.

URBANIZATION AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT. Santiago, Chile, United Nations, Seminar on Urbanization in Latin America, 7 May 1959, E/CN.12/URB/24.

THE FEASIBILITY OF PETROLEUM REFINING OPERATIONS IN PUERTO RICO SERVING EUROPEAN FUEL OIL MARKETS. Economic Development Administration, San Juan, PR, 1957, unpublished.

PETROLEUM REFINERY ACTIVITIES. Economic Development Administration, San Juan, PR, 1957, unpublished.

REGIONAL PROGRAMMING MODELS AND THE CASE STUDY OF A REFINERY-PET ROCHEMICAL-SYNTHETIC FIBER INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX FOR PUERTO RICO. Ph.D. dissertation, MIT, Cambridge, MA, 1956.

THE OXIDATION OF BENZENE TO PHENOL IN A FLUIDIZED BED. S.M. thesis, MIT, Cambridge, MA, 1948, unpublished.

Patent

OBJECT SCANNING TECHNIQUES. U.S. Patent No. 3,259,022, issued July 5, 1966; based on patent disclosure, "Numerical Definition of Geometrical Surfaces by Optical Scanning," IBM Corporation, T.J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY, 1963.