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Chapter 20: Carboxylic Acid Derivatives.
Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution

20.1 Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives
20.2 Structure of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives
20.3 Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution in Acyl Chlorides

20.4 Preparation of Carboxylic Acid Anhydrides
20.5 Reactions of Carboxylic Acid Anhydrides

20.6 Sources of Esters
20.7 Physical Properties of Esters
20.8 Reactions of Esters: A Review and a Preview
20.9 Acid-Catalyzed Ester Hydrolysis
20.10 Base-Promoted Ester Hydrolysis: Saponification
20.11 Reactions of Esters with Ammonia and Amines
20.12 Thioesters

20.13 Preparation of Amides
20.14 Lactams
20.15 Imides
20.16 Hydrolysis of Amides
20.17 The Hofmann Rearrangement of N-Bromo Amides

20.18 Preparation of Nitriles
20.19 Hydrolysis of Nitriles
20.20 Addition of Grignard Reagents of Nitriles
20.21 Spectroscopic Analysis of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives
20.22 Mass Spectrometry of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives
20.23 Summary



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