Major
and Minor Keys
Major and Minor Keys
Tonal music is
organized in terms of keys. When we say that some music
is in a particular key we mean that the music is organized
in a certain way around a central pitch, the tonic, and
that a scale that has the same tonic as the key will be
used as the main source of pitches. Just as the major scale
that has C as its first note is called the C major scale,
so music that takes C as its central note and uses the C
major scale for its primary pitch material is said to be
"in the key of C major."
From
Major and Minor Triads to Major and Minor Keys: A Review
In the previous
lesson we stated that hearing major and minor keys involves
a cognitive leap, a less clear-cut judgment than hearing
major scales and triads. It is unfortunately not the case
that in a major key, for example, all of the triads used
are major. Major and minor keys each contain almost equal
numbers of major and minor triads.
Major
and Minor Keys
The steps taken
thus far in laying out ways of hearing major and minor in
thirds, scales, triads, and cadences have been intended
to prepare you for a final leap in hearing. In the end,
hearing whether a whole piece of music (or a section of
a piece) is in major or minor is not a matter of analyzing
specific cues but of learning through experience how to
recognize general, holistic attributes. The experience of
learning to distinguish major and minor keys is comparable
to that of learning to distinguish between families of instruments.
It would be impossible to convey adequately to someone the
differences between strings and woodwinds solely by verbal
explanation. To learn to distinguish strings from woodwinds
you must practice listening to many examples of each.
If you have learned
to hear major and minor in scales, triads, and cadences,
then there is not much other than lots of practice that
will help you to hear major and minor keys. Before giving
you a chance to practice, though, here are a few examples.
Each example features a familiar tune which is originally
in major. The versions on the left feature the original
tunes, while the ones on the right have been transposed
into the minor. In each case, the only difference between
the two will be the mode. Listening for comparison should
help you to understand this difference.
Finally, here is an example of the reverse: the original
tune is in minor, and the altered version is in major.
At this point,
review any of the preceding material with which you feel
less confident. When you are ready, enter the training environment
to practice distinguishing between major and minor keys
in larger musical units. Don't be too easily discouraged.
If you feel that you are guessing, listen several times
after making your guess (and after finding out the correct
answer) to let the majorness or minorness of each example
sink into your ears. If after a while you feel that you
are not making progess, it may be useful to review this
lesson, previous lessons, or to practice more with some
of the earlier training environments.
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